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PA EFDA Exam Prep Study Guide
1. Cingulum: a bulge or prominence of enamel found on the cervical third of the lingual surface of
an anterior tooth.
2. Cusp: a major developmental convexity on or near the occlusal surface of a posterior tooth.
3. Cusp: Found on the incisal edges of canines,
4. Cusp: a premolar usually has two of these on the buccal and lingual sur- faces.Mandibular
second premolar may sometimes have three of these.
5. Cusp Of Carabelli: Only found on the maxillary first molars
6. Cusp of Carabelli: only found on tooth #3 and
7. Cusp of Carabelli: The fifth cusp, located on the mesial-lingual surface of many maxillary first
molars.
8. Cusp: Maxillary first and second molars and mandibular second molars usually have four of these
9. Fossa: irregular depressions or concavities on the surface of anterior and poste- rior teeth
11. Central Fossa: the depression or concavity found in the central portion of the occlusal surface of
molars
12. Ridge: The linear elevation on the surface of a tooth.
13. Marginal Ridge: The rounded boarder of enamel that forms the mesial and distal boundaries
of the occlusal surface of molars and premolars
14. Marginal Ridge: the mesial and distal boundaries of the lingual surfaces of incisors and
cuspids.
15. Triangular Ridge: a ridge on a molar or premolar that descends from the tips of the cusp
towards the central part of the occlusal surface.
16. Transverse Ridge: the ridge formed by two triangular ridges that extend across the surface of
posterior teeth.
17. Oblique Ridge: Ridge crossing the occlusal surface of only maxillary molars in an oblique direction
18. How many major fossa's are there: 4 lingual
Fossa Central Fossa Mesial and Distal triangular fossa
19. Lingual Fossa: depression or concavity found on the lingual surface of mandibular and maxillary
incisors located between the mesial and distal marginal ridges
20. Triangular Fossa: located on the occlusal surface of the molars and premolars distal to the mesial
marginal ridge and mesial to the distal marginal ridge
21. Triangular Fossa: are always bordered by three developmental ridges one of which is the
marginal ridge named according by there location
22. Developmental Grooves: major grooves or lines between the ridges of a tooth named according to
32. Retentive features: Retentive features Grooves pits or prepared areas in the Dentin along the
line angles or point angles of the preparation to enhance the mechanical retention of the restorative materials and named according to their location
33. Mamelons: Three bulges on the inside so edge of the newly irrupt it essential incisor which
usually disappear from attrition
34. Cingulum: A convex area on the lingual surface of anterior teeth near the gingiva
35. Furcation: The dividing point of a multi rooted tooth
36. Mesial: The surface towards the midline
37. Distal: The surface away from the midline
38. Labial: The outside surface which is towards the lips
39. Lingual: The inside surface which is toward the tongue
40. Palatal: On the maxillary arch towards the palate
41. Buccal: The outside surface which is towards the cheek
42. Occlusal: The chewing surface on posterior teeth
43. Incisal: The biting or cutting edge on anterior teeth
44. Facial: The labial and buccal surfaces may also be known as
45. Apex: At or near the end of the root
46. Groove: A small linear depression on the surface of a tooth
47. Lobe: A developmental segment of the tooth
48. Amalgam: is an alloy powder mix with liquid mercury
49. Silver: Strength
50. Tin: Workability
51. Copper: Corrosion resistance
52. Zinc: Suppresses oxygen
53. Zinc: 0-2%
54. Copper: 13-27%
55. Tin: 22-30%
56. Silver: 40-70%
73. Condenser: Used to pack amalgam filling material into cavity preparation
74. Condenser: Hammer like working end is large enough to compress soft amal- gam
75. Carvers: Have sharp cutting edges that are used to shape or form or cut to the anatomy into
amalgam restoration's
76. Hollenback carver: Design for carving in between interproximal to the services
77. Discoid-cleoid: Used on occlusal surfaces to carve
78. Acorn carver: Used to quickly carve basic anatomy on a Occlusal surfaces
79. Mechanical: Any push or pull motion creates force stress and strain
80. Force: Creates stress
81. Stress: Is the reaction within the material
82. Strain: The actual change in the material
83. Tensile stress: Pull and stretch
84. Compressive: Push
85. Shear: Sliding
86. Creep: Time-dependent strain or deformation that is produced by stress
87. Thermal: Changes in temperature
88. Creep: Black look around amalgam caused by microleakage can cause an amalgam
restoration to extend out of the cavity preparation can cause marginal breakdown
89. Electrical: Currents in the mouth also referred to as galvanic shock
90. Galvanic shock: Occurs when dissimilar metals in the mouth such as silver amalgam restoration
is against gold restorations acted like a battery and apon contact conduct an electrical current resulting in pain this occurs especially when the amalgam is newly placed
91. Corrosive: The gradual distraction of material usually metal by chemical reac- tion with its
environment
92. Lathe cut alloy (conventional): The cutting rate is precisely controlled to main- tain the desired
average particle size and size distribution.
93. Spherical alloy particles: They are around and require less mercury then lathe cut alloys because
this powders particles have a smaller surface area per volume then do the lathe cut alloy particles
94. Mercury: It is used in the mixing process to form the amalgam restoration
95. Mercury: It is a metal in liquid form used to wet dry alloy particles upon con- densing this rich
layer rises to the surface and is carved off or aspirated from the restoration by the assistant
96. Mercury: Approximately only 3% is left in the amalgam restoration of this
97. Mercury ratio to alloy: Higher the percentage of this in the amalgam of the easier to mix and the
slower to set yet it weakens the amalgam and makes polishing more difficult
98. Most mercury to alloy ratios are less than what percentage: 54% because minimum mercury
produces a stronger alloy
111. Lateral excursions: Movement of the jaw to the right or left
112. Temporary restorations: Typically should be out of the occlusion to allow the tooth to become
asymptomatic and to make it last longer because it is not strong enough to withstand normal wear for long periods
113. Teeth that contact prematurely may produce the following problems: -Ex- cessive tooth wear
-Tooth pain or sensitivity -Fracture of the opposing tooth or restoration
- movement/shifting of a tooth or teeth due to orthodontic pressures of the prema- turity
- widening of the periodontal ligament resulting in a loosening of the tooth -Interferences in the harmonious movement of the TMJ and muscles of mastication
114. In general it should not or should be the goal of the operator to remove all marks from the new
restoration?: Should not
115. Class 1 occlusion: The normal biting relationship between the maxillary and mandibular teeth
also known as neutro-occlusion
116. Class 2 occlusion: In this abnormal biting relationship the mandible appears to slightly retrude
and the maxilla appears protrusive also known as retrognarhic- cprofile a overbite or overjet.
117. Class 3 occlusion: This abnormal relationship the mandibular teeth project further forward
then the maxillary teeth also known as a underbite and prognathic profile.
118. Overjet: The horizontal projection of maxillary teeth beyond the mandibular teeth
119. Crossbite: When the jaw protrudes sideways a lateral misalignment
120. Attrition: Due to normal occlusal wear
121. Abfracation /bruxism: Due to clenching and grinding
122. Erosion or corrosion: Due to chemical process common and eating disorder as in acid reflex not
bacterial activity
123. Abrasion: Due to overzealous brushing
124. Facets: Smooth worn areas on the occlusal or incisal surfaces of teeth resulting from Costco
function during mastication or parafunction also known as premature contact
125. Working cusps: The lingual cusp tips of maxillary posterior and buccal cusp tips of mandibular
126. Non-working cusps: The buccal cusp tips of maxillary posterior and lingual cusp tips of
mandibular
127. Tooth wear: Stress, Friction, and corrosion
128. Dental dam: Use for isolation; teeth are exposed and isolated through this ;will be placed after
anesthesia and only placed by dentist or an EfDA
129. Plastic dental dam frame: Placed under the dental dam
130. Stainless steel/metal dental dam: Placed over the dental dam
131. Lubricants: Maybe needed for the lips of the patient also can be placed on the underside of the
damn to help slide over the teeth and the clamp
145. Size 1 hole in the dental dam punch is for: For Lower anterior teeth
146. Dental dam thickness: Thick, medium, heavy
147. Dental dams are in what colors: Dark colors
148. Dental dam sizes: 6x6 and 5x
149. There are three types of dental dam clamps: Posterior clamps, anterior clamps, pediatric
clamps
150. Bases or liners: Used to protect the pulp or to aid in it's recovery or both
151. Sealer: Seals off cavity preparation seals off the microscopic space between the tooth surface
and restoration helps to prevent post op sensitivity
152. Physical pulpal stimuli: Thermal, galvanic and desiccation
153. Mechanical pulpal stimuli: Vibration from handpiece, occlusal trauma or con- densation pressure
154. Chemical pulpal stimuli: Acidic dental materials
155. Biologic pupal stimuli: Carries, bacteria from the mouth
156. Dental liner: Thin layer of material placed in the deepest portion of the cavity preparation closest
to the pulp
157. Calcium hydroxide/Dycal: Most common dental liner used to stimulate repair- itive Dentin and
does not bond to the tooth
158. How many types of Dentin is there: Three types of primary, secondary and reparative
159. Direct pulp capping: The pulp is exposed and may be bleeding
160. Indirect Pulp capping: Pulp is not directly exposed
161. Dycal: A liner that is often used as a temporary cement using a base and a catalyst mix
together and is only used as a liner Only used on the exposed pulp
162. Vitre bond: Can be used as a base or aligner double layer is a base And using one layer is a liner
mostly use under composite is a glass ionomer Is to be placed on the full floor
163. IRM: Used for temporary restoration and is a zinc oxide eugenol
164. Liner: Used at the deepest part
165. Base: Used above the liner
166. Varnish: Also a desensitizer, liquid used under amalgam to seal dental tubules and reduce
microleakage
167. Reinforcers: Bases used to protect the pulp from the pressures exerted on it during amalgam
placement or condensing can be an insulator and a reinforcer at the same time
168. Insulators: Also referred to as bases place to insulate the pulp from thermal irritation ex:zinc
oxide/ eugenol Zinc phosphate
169. Copalite: Used under an amalgam restoration only no mixing is required
170. Sealers: Desensitizers used to desensitize the tooth by sealing the dential tubules, A
universal varnish can be this,And bonding agents can act as one
age with developing teeth
184. Sealants: Dental resin applied to the pit and Fissure area of the Tooth to prevent tooth
decay
185. Sealants: Pits and Fisher's filled in areas Of the tooth that are susceptible to carries
186. Sealants: A barrier that prevents bacteria and carbs from creating acid that cause decay in the
inaccessible areas of the teeth
187. Sealants: If properly applied will remain completely sealed for about 5 to 10 years, may only
be done on virgin surfaces
188. How to place a sealant: Polish, rinse, etch,rinse, apply and then light cure
189. Etch: Phosphoric acid
190. In Pennsylvania who can place sealants: A dentist, hygienist or a expanded function dental
assistant
191. Fissurotomy: The conservative clinical procedure to treat non-cavitated pit and Fissure
Carries or initial carries
192. Acid etch enamel surface for: 15-60 seconds
193. Enamel looks after etching: Frosty
194. Proper placement of sealant is what percentage effective: 100%
195. Primary cause of sealant failure is: Moisture control
196. Can also cause sealant failure: Inadequate etching
197. Abandonment: Withdrawing a patient from treatment without giving a reason- able notice or
providing a competent replacement
198. Administrative Law: Category of law that involves regulations established by government
agencies.
199. Board of dentistry: State agency that adopts rules and regulations and imple- ments the specific
stated dental practice act
200. Child abuse: Any act That endangers or impairs a child's physical or emotional health or
development
201. Civil law: Category of law that deals with the relations of individuals corpora- tions or other
organizations
202. Contract law: Category of law that involves an agreement for services in exchange for
payment ex: contract
203. Criminal law: Category of law that involves the violations against the state or government
204. Dental auxiliary: Dental assistance, dental hygienist, and dental laboratory technicians
205. Direct supervision: Level of supervision in which the dentist is physically present when the
dental auxiliary performs delegated functions
206. Due care: Just, proper, and sufficient care, or the absence of negligence
207. Elder abuse: Includes physical or sexual abuse financial exploitation, emotion- al, confinement,
211. General supervision: Level of supervision in which the dental auxiliary per- forms delegated
functions according to the instructions of the dentist, who is not necessarily physically present
212. HIPPA: The health insurance portability and accountability act of 1996; speci- fies federal
regulations and sharing privacy regarding a patient healthcare informa- tion
213. Implied consent: Type of consent in which the patient action indicators con- sent for treatment
214. Implied contract: Contract that is established by actions, not words
215. Informed consent: Permission granted by a patient after he or she is informed about the details
of a procedure
216. Infraction: Minor offense that usually results in only a fine
217. Licensure: License to practice in a specific state
218. Malpractice: Profession negligence
219. Mandated reporter: Designated professionals who are required by law to report known or
suspected child abuse
220. Misdemeanor: Offense that may result in imprisonment of six months to a year
221. Patients of record: Individual who has been examined and diagnosed by the dentist and has had
treatment planned
222. Reciprocity: System that allows individuals in one state to obtain a license in another state
without retesting
223. Res gestae: Late for "things done ". Statements made by a person present at the time of an
alleged negligent act that are admissible as evidence in a court of law
224. Res ipsa loquiture: Latin for "the thing speaks for itself "
225. Respondeat superior: Latin for "let the master answer". Legal doctrine that holds an employer
liable for the acts of the employee
226. Spousal abuse: Domestic violence intentionally inflicted by a family member or members
227. Standard of care: Level of knowledge, skill, and care comparable with that of other dentist who
are treating similar patients under similar conditions
228. State dental practice act: Document of law that specifies legal requirements for practicing
dentistry in a particular state
229. Statutory law: Law enacted by legislation through US Congress state legisla- ture or local
legislative bodies
230. Tort law: Involving an act that brings harm to a person or damage to property
231. Written consent: Consent that involves a written explanation of diagnostic findings, prescribed
treatment, and reasonable expectations about treatment results
232. Class I restoration: Curious lesion that are located in pits and fissures of the occlusal, facial and
lingual surfaces of the posterior teeth and on the lingual surface of the anterior teeth
