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PA EFDA Exam Prep Study Guide, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Dental Anatomy

PA EFDA Exam Prep Study GuidePA EFDA Exam Prep Study Guide

Typology: Study Guides, Projects, Research

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PA EFDA Exam Prep Study Guide
1. Cingulum: a bulge or prominence of enamel found on the cervical third of the lingual surface of
an anterior tooth.
2. Cusp: a major developmental convexity on or near the occlusal surface of a posterior tooth.
3. Cusp: Found on the incisal edges of canines,
4. Cusp: a premolar usually has two of these on the buccal and lingual sur- faces.Mandibular
second premolar may sometimes have three of these.
5. Cusp Of Carabelli: Only found on the maxillary first molars
6. Cusp of Carabelli: only found on tooth #3 and #14
7. Cusp of Carabelli: The fifth cusp, located on the mesial-lingual surface of many maxillary first
molars.
8. Cusp: Maxillary first and second molars and mandibular second molars usually have four of these
9. Fossa: irregular depressions or concavities on the surface of anterior and poste- rior teeth
10. :
11. Central Fossa: the depression or concavity found in the central portion of the occlusal surface of
molars
12. Ridge: The linear elevation on the surface of a tooth.
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PA EFDA Exam Prep Study Guide

1. Cingulum: a bulge or prominence of enamel found on the cervical third of the lingual surface of

an anterior tooth.

2. Cusp: a major developmental convexity on or near the occlusal surface of a posterior tooth.

3. Cusp: Found on the incisal edges of canines,

4. Cusp: a premolar usually has two of these on the buccal and lingual sur- faces.Mandibular

second premolar may sometimes have three of these.

5. Cusp Of Carabelli: Only found on the maxillary first molars

6. Cusp of Carabelli: only found on tooth #3 and

7. Cusp of Carabelli: The fifth cusp, located on the mesial-lingual surface of many maxillary first

molars.

8. Cusp: Maxillary first and second molars and mandibular second molars usually have four of these

9. Fossa: irregular depressions or concavities on the surface of anterior and poste- rior teeth

11. Central Fossa: the depression or concavity found in the central portion of the occlusal surface of

molars

12. Ridge: The linear elevation on the surface of a tooth.

13. Marginal Ridge: The rounded boarder of enamel that forms the mesial and distal boundaries

of the occlusal surface of molars and premolars

14. Marginal Ridge: the mesial and distal boundaries of the lingual surfaces of incisors and

cuspids.

15. Triangular Ridge: a ridge on a molar or premolar that descends from the tips of the cusp

towards the central part of the occlusal surface.

16. Transverse Ridge: the ridge formed by two triangular ridges that extend across the surface of

posterior teeth.

17. Oblique Ridge: Ridge crossing the occlusal surface of only maxillary molars in an oblique direction

18. How many major fossa's are there: 4 lingual

Fossa Central Fossa Mesial and Distal triangular fossa

19. Lingual Fossa: depression or concavity found on the lingual surface of mandibular and maxillary

incisors located between the mesial and distal marginal ridges

20. Triangular Fossa: located on the occlusal surface of the molars and premolars distal to the mesial

marginal ridge and mesial to the distal marginal ridge

21. Triangular Fossa: are always bordered by three developmental ridges one of which is the

marginal ridge named according by there location

22. Developmental Grooves: major grooves or lines between the ridges of a tooth named according to

32. Retentive features: Retentive features Grooves pits or prepared areas in the Dentin along the

line angles or point angles of the preparation to enhance the mechanical retention of the restorative materials and named according to their location

33. Mamelons: Three bulges on the inside so edge of the newly irrupt it essential incisor which

usually disappear from attrition

34. Cingulum: A convex area on the lingual surface of anterior teeth near the gingiva

35. Furcation: The dividing point of a multi rooted tooth

36. Mesial: The surface towards the midline

37. Distal: The surface away from the midline

38. Labial: The outside surface which is towards the lips

39. Lingual: The inside surface which is toward the tongue

40. Palatal: On the maxillary arch towards the palate

41. Buccal: The outside surface which is towards the cheek

42. Occlusal: The chewing surface on posterior teeth

43. Incisal: The biting or cutting edge on anterior teeth

44. Facial: The labial and buccal surfaces may also be known as

45. Apex: At or near the end of the root

46. Groove: A small linear depression on the surface of a tooth

47. Lobe: A developmental segment of the tooth

48. Amalgam: is an alloy powder mix with liquid mercury

49. Silver: Strength

50. Tin: Workability

51. Copper: Corrosion resistance

52. Zinc: Suppresses oxygen

53. Zinc: 0-2%

54. Copper: 13-27%

55. Tin: 22-30%

56. Silver: 40-70%

73. Condenser: Used to pack amalgam filling material into cavity preparation

74. Condenser: Hammer like working end is large enough to compress soft amal- gam

75. Carvers: Have sharp cutting edges that are used to shape or form or cut to the anatomy into

amalgam restoration's

76. Hollenback carver: Design for carving in between interproximal to the services

77. Discoid-cleoid: Used on occlusal surfaces to carve

78. Acorn carver: Used to quickly carve basic anatomy on a Occlusal surfaces

79. Mechanical: Any push or pull motion creates force stress and strain

80. Force: Creates stress

81. Stress: Is the reaction within the material

82. Strain: The actual change in the material

83. Tensile stress: Pull and stretch

84. Compressive: Push

85. Shear: Sliding

86. Creep: Time-dependent strain or deformation that is produced by stress

87. Thermal: Changes in temperature

88. Creep: Black look around amalgam caused by microleakage can cause an amalgam

restoration to extend out of the cavity preparation can cause marginal breakdown

89. Electrical: Currents in the mouth also referred to as galvanic shock

90. Galvanic shock: Occurs when dissimilar metals in the mouth such as silver amalgam restoration

is against gold restorations acted like a battery and apon contact conduct an electrical current resulting in pain this occurs especially when the amalgam is newly placed

91. Corrosive: The gradual distraction of material usually metal by chemical reac- tion with its

environment

92. Lathe cut alloy (conventional): The cutting rate is precisely controlled to main- tain the desired

average particle size and size distribution.

93. Spherical alloy particles: They are around and require less mercury then lathe cut alloys because

this powders particles have a smaller surface area per volume then do the lathe cut alloy particles

94. Mercury: It is used in the mixing process to form the amalgam restoration

95. Mercury: It is a metal in liquid form used to wet dry alloy particles upon con- densing this rich

layer rises to the surface and is carved off or aspirated from the restoration by the assistant

96. Mercury: Approximately only 3% is left in the amalgam restoration of this

97. Mercury ratio to alloy: Higher the percentage of this in the amalgam of the easier to mix and the

slower to set yet it weakens the amalgam and makes polishing more difficult

98. Most mercury to alloy ratios are less than what percentage: 54% because minimum mercury

produces a stronger alloy

111. Lateral excursions: Movement of the jaw to the right or left

112. Temporary restorations: Typically should be out of the occlusion to allow the tooth to become

asymptomatic and to make it last longer because it is not strong enough to withstand normal wear for long periods

113. Teeth that contact prematurely may produce the following problems: -Ex- cessive tooth wear

-Tooth pain or sensitivity -Fracture of the opposing tooth or restoration

  • movement/shifting of a tooth or teeth due to orthodontic pressures of the prema- turity
  • widening of the periodontal ligament resulting in a loosening of the tooth -Interferences in the harmonious movement of the TMJ and muscles of mastication

114. In general it should not or should be the goal of the operator to remove all marks from the new

restoration?: Should not

115. Class 1 occlusion: The normal biting relationship between the maxillary and mandibular teeth

also known as neutro-occlusion

116. Class 2 occlusion: In this abnormal biting relationship the mandible appears to slightly retrude

and the maxilla appears protrusive also known as retrognarhic- cprofile a overbite or overjet.

117. Class 3 occlusion: This abnormal relationship the mandibular teeth project further forward

then the maxillary teeth also known as a underbite and prognathic profile.

118. Overjet: The horizontal projection of maxillary teeth beyond the mandibular teeth

119. Crossbite: When the jaw protrudes sideways a lateral misalignment

120. Attrition: Due to normal occlusal wear

121. Abfracation /bruxism: Due to clenching and grinding

122. Erosion or corrosion: Due to chemical process common and eating disorder as in acid reflex not

bacterial activity

123. Abrasion: Due to overzealous brushing

124. Facets: Smooth worn areas on the occlusal or incisal surfaces of teeth resulting from Costco

function during mastication or parafunction also known as premature contact

125. Working cusps: The lingual cusp tips of maxillary posterior and buccal cusp tips of mandibular

126. Non-working cusps: The buccal cusp tips of maxillary posterior and lingual cusp tips of

mandibular

127. Tooth wear: Stress, Friction, and corrosion

128. Dental dam: Use for isolation; teeth are exposed and isolated through this ;will be placed after

anesthesia and only placed by dentist or an EfDA

129. Plastic dental dam frame: Placed under the dental dam

130. Stainless steel/metal dental dam: Placed over the dental dam

131. Lubricants: Maybe needed for the lips of the patient also can be placed on the underside of the

damn to help slide over the teeth and the clamp

145. Size 1 hole in the dental dam punch is for: For Lower anterior teeth

146. Dental dam thickness: Thick, medium, heavy

147. Dental dams are in what colors: Dark colors

148. Dental dam sizes: 6x6 and 5x

149. There are three types of dental dam clamps: Posterior clamps, anterior clamps, pediatric

clamps

150. Bases or liners: Used to protect the pulp or to aid in it's recovery or both

151. Sealer: Seals off cavity preparation seals off the microscopic space between the tooth surface

and restoration helps to prevent post op sensitivity

152. Physical pulpal stimuli: Thermal, galvanic and desiccation

153. Mechanical pulpal stimuli: Vibration from handpiece, occlusal trauma or con- densation pressure

154. Chemical pulpal stimuli: Acidic dental materials

155. Biologic pupal stimuli: Carries, bacteria from the mouth

156. Dental liner: Thin layer of material placed in the deepest portion of the cavity preparation closest

to the pulp

157. Calcium hydroxide/Dycal: Most common dental liner used to stimulate repair- itive Dentin and

does not bond to the tooth

158. How many types of Dentin is there: Three types of primary, secondary and reparative

159. Direct pulp capping: The pulp is exposed and may be bleeding

160. Indirect Pulp capping: Pulp is not directly exposed

161. Dycal: A liner that is often used as a temporary cement using a base and a catalyst mix

together and is only used as a liner Only used on the exposed pulp

162. Vitre bond: Can be used as a base or aligner double layer is a base And using one layer is a liner

mostly use under composite is a glass ionomer Is to be placed on the full floor

163. IRM: Used for temporary restoration and is a zinc oxide eugenol

164. Liner: Used at the deepest part

165. Base: Used above the liner

166. Varnish: Also a desensitizer, liquid used under amalgam to seal dental tubules and reduce

microleakage

167. Reinforcers: Bases used to protect the pulp from the pressures exerted on it during amalgam

placement or condensing can be an insulator and a reinforcer at the same time

168. Insulators: Also referred to as bases place to insulate the pulp from thermal irritation ex:zinc

oxide/ eugenol Zinc phosphate

169. Copalite: Used under an amalgam restoration only no mixing is required

170. Sealers: Desensitizers used to desensitize the tooth by sealing the dential tubules, A

universal varnish can be this,And bonding agents can act as one

age with developing teeth

184. Sealants: Dental resin applied to the pit and Fissure area of the Tooth to prevent tooth

decay

185. Sealants: Pits and Fisher's filled in areas Of the tooth that are susceptible to carries

186. Sealants: A barrier that prevents bacteria and carbs from creating acid that cause decay in the

inaccessible areas of the teeth

187. Sealants: If properly applied will remain completely sealed for about 5 to 10 years, may only

be done on virgin surfaces

188. How to place a sealant: Polish, rinse, etch,rinse, apply and then light cure

189. Etch: Phosphoric acid

190. In Pennsylvania who can place sealants: A dentist, hygienist or a expanded function dental

assistant

191. Fissurotomy: The conservative clinical procedure to treat non-cavitated pit and Fissure

Carries or initial carries

192. Acid etch enamel surface for: 15-60 seconds

193. Enamel looks after etching: Frosty

194. Proper placement of sealant is what percentage effective: 100%

195. Primary cause of sealant failure is: Moisture control

196. Can also cause sealant failure: Inadequate etching

197. Abandonment: Withdrawing a patient from treatment without giving a reason- able notice or

providing a competent replacement

198. Administrative Law: Category of law that involves regulations established by government

agencies.

199. Board of dentistry: State agency that adopts rules and regulations and imple- ments the specific

stated dental practice act

200. Child abuse: Any act That endangers or impairs a child's physical or emotional health or

development

201. Civil law: Category of law that deals with the relations of individuals corpora- tions or other

organizations

202. Contract law: Category of law that involves an agreement for services in exchange for

payment ex: contract

203. Criminal law: Category of law that involves the violations against the state or government

204. Dental auxiliary: Dental assistance, dental hygienist, and dental laboratory technicians

205. Direct supervision: Level of supervision in which the dentist is physically present when the

dental auxiliary performs delegated functions

206. Due care: Just, proper, and sufficient care, or the absence of negligence

207. Elder abuse: Includes physical or sexual abuse financial exploitation, emotion- al, confinement,

211. General supervision: Level of supervision in which the dental auxiliary per- forms delegated

functions according to the instructions of the dentist, who is not necessarily physically present

212. HIPPA: The health insurance portability and accountability act of 1996; speci- fies federal

regulations and sharing privacy regarding a patient healthcare informa- tion

213. Implied consent: Type of consent in which the patient action indicators con- sent for treatment

214. Implied contract: Contract that is established by actions, not words

215. Informed consent: Permission granted by a patient after he or she is informed about the details

of a procedure

216. Infraction: Minor offense that usually results in only a fine

217. Licensure: License to practice in a specific state

218. Malpractice: Profession negligence

219. Mandated reporter: Designated professionals who are required by law to report known or

suspected child abuse

220. Misdemeanor: Offense that may result in imprisonment of six months to a year

221. Patients of record: Individual who has been examined and diagnosed by the dentist and has had

treatment planned

222. Reciprocity: System that allows individuals in one state to obtain a license in another state

without retesting

223. Res gestae: Late for "things done ". Statements made by a person present at the time of an

alleged negligent act that are admissible as evidence in a court of law

224. Res ipsa loquiture: Latin for "the thing speaks for itself "

225. Respondeat superior: Latin for "let the master answer". Legal doctrine that holds an employer

liable for the acts of the employee

226. Spousal abuse: Domestic violence intentionally inflicted by a family member or members

227. Standard of care: Level of knowledge, skill, and care comparable with that of other dentist who

are treating similar patients under similar conditions

228. State dental practice act: Document of law that specifies legal requirements for practicing

dentistry in a particular state

229. Statutory law: Law enacted by legislation through US Congress state legisla- ture or local

legislative bodies

230. Tort law: Involving an act that brings harm to a person or damage to property

231. Written consent: Consent that involves a written explanation of diagnostic findings, prescribed

treatment, and reasonable expectations about treatment results

232. Class I restoration: Curious lesion that are located in pits and fissures of the occlusal, facial and

lingual surfaces of the posterior teeth and on the lingual surface of the anterior teeth