Download Orthotics & Prosthetics Combined Boards Exam: 499 Questions and more Exams Prosthetics & Orthotics in PDF only on Docsity!
Orthotics and Prosthetics Combined
Written Boards Exam I Latest Update
with 499 Questions and Multiple
Answers Guaranteed Pass Copy.
A. Knee extension - Answer: ✅a complete lesion of the femoral nerve as it leaves the lumbar plexus affects what motion?
A. knee extension
B. hip adduction
c. hip extension
d. knee flexion
e. ankle plantarflexion
the femoral nerve - Answer: ✅what is the largest nerve of the lumbar plexus?
Iliopsoas - Answer: ✅what is the primary flexor of the hip?
common peroneal nerve - Answer: ✅paralytic equinus during swing phase is often caused by injury to what nerve?
Equinus deformity - Answer: ✅toe is in a down position, dorsiflexion limitation of the ankle
heel strike on one limb and a subsequent heel strike on the ipsilateral side - Answer: ✅what is a cycle of gait defined as?
C. Line of progression - Answer: ✅toe in or toe out is the relationship of the long axis of the foot to the:
A. subtalar joint
B. ankle joint axis
C. line of progression
D. Knee axis
subtalar joint - Answer: ✅what joint do the motions of inversion and eversion occur primarily at?
talus, tibia, fibula - Answer: ✅what bones make up the talocrural joint?
dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
essentially a hinge type joint - Answer: ✅what motion occurs in the talocrural joint?
resist over-eversion of the foot - Answer: ✅what is the primary action of the medial ligament of the ankle?
resist over-inversion of the foot - Answer: ✅what is the primary action of the lateral ligament of the ankle?
tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus - Answer: ✅what muscles produce dorsiflexion of the ankle?
gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris and posterior tibialis - Answer: ✅what muscles produce plantarflexion of the ankle?
inversion and eversion. flexion and extension - Answer: ✅what motions are produced at the midtarsal joint?
flexion and extension, abduction and adduction - Answer: ✅what motions are produced at the metatarsalphalangeal joints?
flexion and extension - Answer: ✅what motions are produced at the IP joints?
D. shortened step length on contralateral side - Answer: ✅a complete lesion of the tibial nerve on one leg will result in what gait deviations?
A. foot slap on ipsilateral side
B. gluteus medius limp on contralateral side
C. Shortened step length on ipsilateral side
D. shortened step length on contralateral side
(posterior lower leg muscles)
gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus - Answer: ✅what muscles are innervated by the tibial nerve?
cervical lateral flexion - Answer: ✅what is the C3 myotome
shoulder elevation - Answer: ✅what is the C4 myotome
shoulder abduction - Answer: ✅what is the C5 myotome
elbow flexion, wrist extension - Answer: ✅what is the C6 myotome
elbow extension, wrist flexion - Answer: ✅what is the C7 myotome
thumb extension, finger flexion - Answer: ✅what is the C8 myotome
finger abduction and adduction - Answer: ✅what is the T1 myotome
hip flexion - Answer: ✅what is the L2 myotome
knee extension - Answer: ✅what is the L3 myotome
ankle DF - Answer: ✅what is the L4 myotome
great toe extension - Answer: ✅what is the L5 myotome
PF, eversion, hip extension - Answer: ✅what is the S1 myotome
knee flexion, PF - Answer: ✅what is the S2 myotome
Scheuermann's Disease - Answer: ✅a developmental disorder of the spine
abnormal growth of the thoracic spine
anterior portion of the thoracic vertebrae do not develop as fast as the posterior portion resulting in exaggerated kyphosis
D. insure that the mechanical ankle axis coincides with the anatomical ankle
axis in the transverse plane - Answer: ✅the purpose of measuring external rotation of the ankle joint is to:
A. determine total amount of internal rotation of the tibia in a normal adult
B. allow for toe out
C. determine amount of anterior deflection of the lateral sidebar
D. insure that the mechanical ankle axis coincides with the anatomical ankle axis in the transverse plane
D. insure that the medial and lateral mechanical ankle axes are parallel in the coronal plane
C. 10 degrees of varus or valgus, 20 degrees of anterior posterior angulation - Answer: ✅what is the maximum acceptable malalignment of a tibial fracture that can be managed with an off the shelf fracture orthosis?
A. 5 degrees of valgus/varus, 30 degrees of anterior-posterior angulation
B. no more than 5 degrees of varus/valgus, 10 degrees of AP angulation
C. 10 degrees of varus/valgus, 20 degrees of AP angulation
D. 10 degrees of valgus, 30 degrees of AP angulation
A few degrees of relative DF - Answer: ✅for most patients with paraplegia to stand in KAFOs they must be allowed to rest on their iliofemoral ligaments. In order to facilitate this posture, how should the tibias be posistioned sagittally in relationship to the ground?
osteogenesis imperfecta - Answer: ✅congenital osteoporosis, along with fractures before and during birth is indicative of which condition
arthrogryposis - Answer: ✅-non-progressive condition characterized by multiple joint contractures and involves muscle weakness
-found at birth
-most common form is amyoplasia (hands, wrist, elbows, shoulders, feet, hips and knees are affected)
-severe conditions involve the jaw and spine
spina bifida - Answer: ✅-birth defect that occurs when the spine and the spinal cord don't form properly
-neural tube defects
spina bifida occulta - Answer: ✅-mildest form of spina bifida
-results in a small separation or gap in one or more vertebrae
-many pts dont even know they have it
-typically no signs or symptoms due to no nerve involvement
-may see hair/tuft, dimple, or birthmark above the spinal defect
meningocele - Answer: ✅form of spina bifida where the protective membranes around the spinal cord push out through the opening of the vertebrae forming a sac filled with fluid
-the sac does not contain nerves so damage to the spinal cord are less likely (later complications are possible)
myelomeningocele - Answer: ✅-most severe form of spina bifida
spinal canal is open along several vertebrae in the lower or middle back
-membranes and spinal nerves push through an opening at birth forming a sac on the baby's back (typically exposing tissues and nerves)
-prone to life threatening infections
D. a heel lift - Answer: ✅which of the following shoe modifications is most likely to be used for a fixed equinus deformity?
A. a cushioned heel
B. a thomas heel
C. a reverse heel
D. a heel lift
half the distance betwee the adductor tubercle and the medial tibial plateau
- Answer: ✅what is the correct location for the mechanical knee joint on a KAFO
unreliable family support, poor upper extremity strength, obesity, 20 degree hip flexion contractures - Answer: ✅what are some contrindications for a RGO?
relive the metatarsal heads; elevate the transverse arch - Answer: ✅metatarsal pads function to _____ as well as _____.
D. DF stop - Answer: ✅which of the following ankle joint controls would be indicated for a patient with paralysis of the plantarflexors
A. DF assist
B. PF stop
C. PF assist
D. DF stop
A. 25mm proximal, 12mm anterior - Answer: ✅in relation to the apex of the great trochanter, where is the mechanical hip joint located?
A. 25mm proximal, 12mm anterior
B. 25mm proximal, 12mm posterior
C. 25mm anterior, 12mm proximal
D. 25mm lateral, 12mm distal
femoral nerve - Answer: ✅what nerve innervates the quadriceps?
L2-L4 - Answer: ✅what is the nerve root of the obturator nerve
obturator externus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, part of the adductor magnus, gracilis, pectineus - Answer: ✅what muscles are innervated by the obturator nerve?
- inversion of the hindfoot
-adduction of the forefoot
-PF of the ankle - Answer: ✅what are the components of supination of the foot-ankle complex?
-eversion of the hindfoot
-abduction of the forefoot
-DF of the ankle - Answer: ✅what are the components of pronation of the foot-ankle complex?
PF of the heel at IC (think knee stability) - Answer: ✅what motion does a cushioned heel simulate?
C. 94 mm (11mm wider than malleoli?) - Answer: ✅if the oblique diameter of the anatomical malleoli is 83mm, the inside diameter of the mechanical ankle joint (using a clevis joint) is?
rigid foot - Answer: ✅what are some contraindications of a UCBL
DAFO - Answer: ✅-dynamic
- stabilize subtalar and tarsal joints
-treats flexible pes planus, mild/modertate spastic diplegia/hemiplegia CP or hypotonic CP
rigid foot - Answer: ✅what is a contraindication of a DAFO
Supramalleolar (SMO) - Answer: ✅-dynamic
-stabilize subtalar and tarsal joints in stance
-prepositions foot for IC by heel
-treats flexible pes planus, mild/moderate spastic diplegia/hemiplegia CP or hypotonic CP
significant equinovarus and hypertonicity - Answer: ✅what are contraindications of a SMO?
PLS - Answer: ✅-dynamic
-assist in limb clearance in swing
-prepositions foot for IC by heel
-treats DF weakness, impaired motor control, LMN flaccid paralysis of DFs
mod/severe hypertonicity - Answer: ✅what is a contraindication for a PLS
Carbon AFO - Answer: ✅-dynamic
-assist in limb clearance in swing
-prepositions foot for IC by heel
-treats paralysis or impaired muscle performance of DFs
mod/severe hypertonicity - Answer: ✅what is a contraindication of a carbon AFO?
Neuroorthosis - Answer: ✅-dynamic
-assist in limb clearance in swing
-prepositions foot for IC by heel
-treats DF weakness/low tone
-e-stim treatment
flaccid paralysis and intolerance to e-stim - Answer: ✅what are contrainindications for neuro-orthoses
AAFO - Answer: ✅-dynamic
-assist in limb clearance in swing
-prepositions foot for IC by heel
-permits advancement of tibia in stance
-treats impaired motor control of ankle musculature
-indicated for potential reocver of neuromotor funtion
LMN paralysis (flaccidity) or hypotonicity as primary problem - Answer: ✅what is a contraindication for an AAFO
SAFO - Answer: ✅-static
-controls ankle positions throughout stance
A. Fluctuating edema of the foot and leg - Answer: ✅A polymer AFO is contraindicated for which of the following conditions?
A. fluctuating edema of the foot and leg
B. moderate ankle valgus
C. fixed equinus deformity
D. pan talar fusion
B. 6mm medially and 3mm laterally - Answer: ✅If a patient is wearing a KAFO with bilateral ring locks engages, the clearance from the ring locks to the patients skin should be:
A. 9mm medially, 8mm laterally
B. 6mm medially, 3mm laterally
C. 6mm laterally, 9mm medially
D. 6mm laterally, 3 mm medially
ankle= neutral
knee= almost full extension
hip= 25-30 degree flexion - Answer: ✅what degrees are the ankle, knee and hip in during initial contact
ankle = PF to 10 degrees
knee= flexes to 15-18 degrees
hip = maintains 30 degrees of flexion - Answer: ✅what degrees are the ankle, knee and hip in during loading response?
ankle = 5 degrees DF
knee = extended/neutral
hip = moves into extension - Answer: ✅what degrees are the ankle, knee and hip in during midstance?
ankle = 10 degree DF
knee = full extension
hip = slight hyperextension - Answer: ✅what degrees are the ankle, knee and hip in during terminal stance?
ankle = 20 degree PF
knee = 35-40 degrees of flexion
hip-still in extension but moving toward flexion - Answer: ✅what degrees are the ankle, knee and hip in during pre-swing
ankle= moves from 20 degrees of PF to 5 degrees DF
knee= moves into 60 degrees of flexion
hip = moves into 20 degrees of flexion - Answer: ✅what degrees are the ankle, knee and hip in during initial swing?
ankle= neutral
knee= extends to 30 degrees of flexion
hip = preserves flexion - Answer: ✅what degrees are the ankle, knee and hip in during midswing?
ankle=neutral
knee=fully extended
hip = moves into 30 degree of flexion - Answer: ✅what degrees are the ankle, knee and hip in during terminal swing?
tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor digitorum brevis, extensor hallucis longus, extensor hallucis brevis and fibularis tertius muscles
- Answer: ✅what muscles are innervated bu the deep branch of the common fibular (peroneal) nerve?
eversion of the subtalar joint - Answer: ✅what motion would be lost if the superficial branch of the common peroneal nerve was injured?
tibial nerve - Answer: ✅what nerve innervated the tibialis posterior?
A. DF stop and PF stop - Answer: ✅Pt is a 20 year old male with a diagnosis of T10 incomplete spinal cord injury in 2007. Ambulation exhibits extensor spasticity with 10 degrees of genurecurvatum Ankle control of choince in the AFO is?
A. DF stop and PF stop
B. DF stop and PF assist
C. free ankle
D. PF stop and PF assist
anterior to the hip and knee and through the heel - Answer: ✅where is the ground reaction force at heel strike/initial contact
posterior to ankle and knee, through hip - Answer: ✅where is the ground reaction force at loading response
anterior to knee and ankle, posterior to hip - Answer: ✅where is the ground reaction force during midstance
anterior to ankle and knee and posterior to hip - Answer: ✅where is the ground reaction force during terminal stance
anterior to ankle, posterior to knee and hip - Answer: ✅where is the ground reaction force during preswing?
anterior to ankle, posterior to hip and knee - Answer: ✅where is the ground reaction force during initial swing phase?
posterior to ankle and knee, anterior/through hip - Answer: ✅where is the ground reaction force during midswing
posterior to knee and ankle, anterior to hip - Answer: ✅where is the ground reaction for during terminal swing
C. step lock knee joint - Answer: ✅you have assessed a spinda bifida patient that would benefit from bilateral KAFOs. Which type of knee joint does not require the patient to manually lock the knee but would allow the patient to use their upper extremities to get to an erect position?
A. dial lock knee joint
B. ring long knee joint
C. step lock knee joint
D. posterior offset knee joint
flexed, internally rotated and adducted - Answer: ✅Posterior hip dislocations may occur in a MVA. What position of the hip has the highest risk of dislocation?
