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A comprehensive overview of orthopedic nursing concepts related to fractures. It covers various fracture types, including their causes, classifications, and treatment approaches. The document also delves into the healing process of fractures, discussing factors that influence healing outcomes and surgical interventions. Additionally, it explores nursing assessments and interventions for patients with traumatic limb injuries, emphasizing the importance of proper immobilization and wound care.
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Name 2 biological, 3 extrinsic, and 1 behavioral factor that can predispose a patient to a fracture.✔✔Biological:
EX: fracture of forearm when blocking a hit with a fist or bat; being kicked in lower leg
Describe basic nursing assessment of a traumatically injured limb.✔✔Initial assessment: visualize the limb - note the soft tissue injury, location, color of skin around it and how that compares distally Compare with the opposite and unaffected limb Note temperature, pulse, edema, neuro function (sensation and reflexes) proximal and distal to injury. Note signs of prior chronic disease - look for non-accident related ulceration, check for hair distribution, health of finger/toenails Describe devices used for internal fracture fixation.✔✔SCREWS: can be tapped or threaded, can be placed directly into bone or used with a plate (more common) PLATE: held in place by screws, used along diaphysis of bone WIRES AND PINS: good for small bone, usually stainless steels, can be pulled through skin for removal CORTICAL SCREWS: contain tight threading CANCELLOUS SCREWS: only partially threaded with wide thread MALLEOLAR SCREWS: partially threaded with narrow threading NAIL AND SLIDING SCREW-PLATE: used for hip replacements What should you tell your patient about cast care?✔✔1) Keep cast dry, especially at ends.
Score of more than 7 means amputation probable. Differences between phantom limb pain, sensation, and telescoping phenomenon.✔✔PHANTOM LIMB PAIN: pain experienced by amputee in limb that has been amputated; up to 3 months after surgery; self- limiting and can be helped with medication, de-sensitization, electric stem, counseling, hypnosis, acupuncture, nerve block, etc. PHANTOM LIMB SENSATION: similar to PLP, but sensations are not painful (can be itching, tingling, temperature changes) TELESCOPING PHENOMENON: sensation of amputated limb being slowly retracted into stump; typically sensations of toes, thumbs, and index finger are last to "disappear" into stump Name and describe most common wrist fracture.✔✔Colles' fracture: break of distal radius
Discuss 3 common amputation stump shrinkage methods and their purpose.✔✔Purpose of all is to reduce swelling post-amputation and prepare limb for prosthetic fitting. ACE BANDAGE:
What is the nursing role in three main types of anesthesia?✔✔- General: assist with intubation and its placement, help with vitals, return of mental status, reflexes, and check for anesthetic side effects