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Ornamental Pest Management MDARD
Exam Questions and Answers with
Verified Solutions
According to the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide act: ✔✔commercial pesticide applicators using RUPs must be certified
Under the endangered species act, who is responsible for making sure pesticide applications do not affect endangered species? ✔✔The applicator, must check with EPA
Outline the conditions under which federal law permits the control of migratory birds without a Federal Depredation Permit. ✔✔The control of redwinged, rusty & brewers blackbirds, cowbirds, grackles, crows, and magpies are controllable w/o a permit when birds are found causing damage or when the population is growing rapidly to the point of causing damage to plants/livestock/wildlife, or concentrated in such a number to cause a health hazard or nuisance.
Under Michigan law, how long should commercial applicators maintain records of pesticide use for general-use and restricted-use pesticides? ✔✔General use - 1 year
Restricted use - 3 years
According to regulation 637, pesticide use.. ✔✔-Avoid drift whenever possible.
- Vehicles used to transport pesticides must have the business name, telephone number and address, or the U.S. department of transportation census number of the application firm printed in letters 3 inches tall or larger on the exterior.
- In Michigan, there is a registry of persons who must be notified before turf grass or ornamental pesticide applications can occur on properties that are adjacent to the property of the person lifted in the registry.
- Any person who mixes, loads, or uses pesticides must have immediate access to a spill kit.
According to Regulation 637, what are the minimum PPE requirements for commercial applicators? ✔✔Long pants, shoes, long sleeved shirt, and gloves
What is the correct lawn marker size and position for displaying it after pesticide application to a turf site? ✔✔4 inches (10 cm) high and 5 inches (12 cm) wide, 12 inches (31 cm) above the turf
At the time of golf course pesticide application, where and what type of information must be posted? ✔✔Where - pro shop, locker rooms, and registration area.
Info - Date and time of application.
Soil injection ✔✔A feeding needle is used to inject the solution
Granular application ✔✔Often made using a drop or rotary spreader
Soil drenching ✔✔When the pesticide is mixed with water and poured on the ground around the base of the tree or shrub so that the pesticide can be absorbed by the roots.
Describe how to properly apply a pesticide to a large tree ✔✔Begin spraying by first directing a spray up into the interior of the crown, then move to the top portion of the tree and work toward the bottom.
Mist blowers ✔✔Applies pesticides at ultra-low-volume rates
Hydraulic sprayers ✔✔Can produce pressures of 50 to 300 psi (345 to 2068 kPa)
Wick applicators ✔✔Designed to apply herbicides to precise areas
Compressed air sprayers ✔✔Includes handheld and backpack sprayers
Type of equiptment used in granular application ✔✔Drop spreader, rotary spreader, and a shaker can
Drop spreader ✔✔Have a row of holes across the full width of the hopper bottom
Rotary spreader ✔✔Uses a spinning plat to distribute the pesticide in a much wider swath than the width of the spreader
Shaker can ✔✔Handheld applicator that dispenses a small, measured amount of pesticide
Implantable capsules ✔✔A plug containing the insecticide is tapped into a drilled hole and set in place with a mallet
What are some of the common equipment failures that may result in pesticide accidents? ✔✔Blown hoses, leaking tanks, leaking spray guns
What are some of the things to carry in an emergency repair kit for pesticide application equipment? ✔✔- Adjustable wrench.
How to determine total spray mixture needed? ✔✔sq ft. x sprayer output(oz./sq ft.)
How to determine amount of herbicide needed? ✔✔target area x labeled application rate
How to determine spray mixture needed by number of plants? ✔✔total number of plants to treat x amount of water collected to treat one plant
How many ounces are in a gallon? ✔✔128 oz/gal
How to determine number of ounces of pesticide to be added to a gallon of water? ✔✔% pesticide in solution x 128 oz/gal
true/false - it is required by law that pesticide application equipment to be calibrated. ✔✔True
Why should you use PPE when calibrating spray equipment? ✔✔Because the equipment may have pesticide residues on it.
Annuals ✔✔Die back each year when temperatures drop to freezing point
Perennials ✔✔Live indefinitely
Biennials ✔✔Completes life cycle in 2 years.
Year 1 - Taproot forms (vegetative)
Year 2 - Reproduces and dies
Summer annuals ✔✔Germinate in the spring, then flower and reproduce in late summer/early fall
Winter annuals ✔✔Germinate in the fall, remain dormant throughout the winter, then flower/reproduce mid-late spring.
Grass ✔✔Flat or round, hollow stems
Horsetails ✔✔Primitive perennial that reproduces by creeping roots and tubers.
Contact herbicide ✔✔Kills plants quickly, within hours of application.
Less effective on perennial weeds.
May be classified as selective or nonselective.
Selective herbicide ✔✔Kills only certain plant species without adversely affecting the growth of others.
Pre-emergence herbicide ✔✔Applied directly to soil to inhibit growth and development of germinating seedlings.
Systematic herbicide ✔✔Applied to plant foliage and then moves throughout the plant.
Kills plants over a period of days or a few weeks.
May be classified as selective or nonselective.
Nonselective herbicide ✔✔Kills all plants.
What is a method for protecting against herbicide injury to ornamental plants? ✔✔Using selective herbicides.
What are two ways to slow the development of resistance to an herbicide? ✔✔- Fewer herbicide applications.
- Use herbicides with different modes or action for subsequent applications.
What is a plant disorder? ✔✔Damage or injury caused by a noninfectious agent.
What are some of the symptoms of a plant that requires full sun might experience while growing in a shady location? ✔✔- Lanky or paleness.
- No flowers, or flowers/fruits poorly.
What are some of the symptoms a shade plant might experience when growing in a full sun location? ✔✔- Bleached/scorched
- Stunted growth
- Develop red pigments in leaves.
- Early fall color.
- Leaf drop.
- Branches cracked/broken off at point where constricted.
- Excessive shoot growth/suckering below constriction point.
Symptoms caused by injury from equipment? ✔✔- Leaf scorching.
- Stunted growth.
- Wilting.
- Dieback.
- Early fall color.
Describe symptoms of road salt injury to plants. ✔✔- Dead leaves/needles in early spring.
- Witches brooms and cankers.
What can you do to help prevent phytotoxic injury to plants? ✔✔- Test a pesticide on a small number of plants before using. (read labels carefully)
- Be aware of drift while applying herbicides.
Why do plants in flooded areas die? ✔✔Root rot - lack of oxygen to roots.
What are symptoms of frost and freeze injury? ✔✔symptoms depend on timing
- Water soaked foliage, followed by wilted/collapsed foliage or stems.
- Blackening of browning of damaged plant parts.
- Regrowth has ragged leaf margins/holes in leaves (easily confused with disease or insects)
What are symptoms of winter injury? ✔✔- Splitting of bark (frost cracking).
- Sunscald.
- Sunny winter days - southern/western sides of trunk are warmed, and bark expands.
- At night, bark cools down to match air temp, tissues contract and bark splits.
What can you do to prevent transplant shock to balled and burlapped trees? ✔✔Cover with mulch to keep moisture inside.
T/F - Plant symptoms may be the result of multiple causes ✔✔True.
Fungi ✔✔Includes powdery mildew and rust.
What happens when one of the factors in the plant disease pyramid are missing? ✔✔No disease will occur.
Protectant fungicide ✔✔Acts like an exterior shield that protects the plant from certain fungi or bacteria.
Good coverage of the plant is essential.
Systemic fungicide. ✔✔Fungicides that are absorbed and move within the plant from the site of application to other tissues.
Local penetrant ✔✔Chemical that is absorbed into immediate area of application to the plant but does not travel far from the site of uptake.
Eradicant ✔✔Once applied as a systemic, these chemicals control fungi that have already entered the plant.
Cytospora canker ✔✔Primary host is Colorado blue spruce.
Needles turn purple, brown, then drop. White patches of resin ooze from cankered area on branches.
Prune out diseased branches when the foliage and wood is dry.
Anthracnose ✔✔One type is found on a sycamore.
Symptom not specific fungus.
Symptoms include leaves with brown lesions, witches brooms and twig dieback, cankers may develop on twigs.
Rake up and destroy fallen leaves to reduce sources of inoculum. Remove diseased/dead wood and prune trees.
Black spot of roses ✔✔Fungus.
Manage by planting roses in sunny locations and choosing resistant varieties.
Repeated fungicide applications necessary.
Cedar-apple Rust ✔✔Fungus.
Overwinters on evergreen hosts and produces jelly like masses of orange telia.
Symptoms include small, woody galls on evergreen stems.
Rose family host symptoms include leaf spot and deformed fruits, petioles and stem galls.
Symptoms appear as velvety, olive green spots on leaves, leaves turn yellow and drop off in midsummer, fruits may develop rough, corky, brown spots.
Rake up and remove infected leaves from under trees.
Fungicides can be applied preventively at 2-week intervals beginning at bud break and continuing until after petal fall.
Crown gall ✔✔Caused by bacterium.
Creeping euonymous, rose, willow, and poplar are particularly susceptible.
Manage by removing and destroying heavily infected plants.
Fire blight ✔✔Bacterium.
Milky white to amber droplet of bacterial ooze may exude from infected plant parts.
Cambial tissue is killed in the region of the canker and will be brown or black.
Manage by pruning off during growing season, never prune while wet.
Why is it important to properly sample for nematode infestation? ✔✔Its impossible to provide specific management recommendations without proper identification of genius/species.
What pest management method uses selection for resistance to a pest as a means of managing pests? ✔✔Host-plant resistance
Cultural pest management ✔✔Uses different aspects of growing plants such as water management, nutrition, sanitation, and pruning to reduce pest problems.
Good sanitation practices are needed to manage plant disease.
Microbial pesticides ✔✔Naturally occurring disease organisms that have been commercially formulated to control pests.
What are the 5 steps of IPM? ✔✔1. Pest detection and identification.
- Pest monitoring.
- Threshold determination. (economic significance)
- Selecting management techniques.
- Record keeping and evaluation of results.
Why is it important to be able to identify host plants of landscape diseases? ✔✔If managers have identified host plants in a landscape, they know what diseases the host plants are susceptible to
