Organic Chemistry - Lecture Notes - General Chemistry II | CHEM 1200, Study notes of Chemistry

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11. Organic Chemistry

Many areas rely on organic chemistry

biologypetroleum industrypolymersgenetic engineeringagriculturepharmacologyconsumer products

Organic: overused wordOrganiccan be biological or chemical term

Biology:anything living or has livedChemistry:most substances containing carbon

Organic Chemistry

Today, organic chemistry is the studyof compounds containing carbon

Wohler, 1928

Synthesis of urea fromammonium cyanate

IMPORTANCEIMPORTANCEIMPORTANCEIMPORTANCE

OFOFOFOF

CARBON

CARBON

CARBON

CARBON

basis for all life

stable covalent bonds

catenationcatenationcatenationcatenation

forms C

C

C

C C

C

forms long chain moleculesC

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

bonds with most elementsinfinite number of compoundspossible

Carbon: the element

Exists in 4 allotropic forms:

1. Amorphous

Soot

2. Graphite

Sheets ofrings whichcan slip overeach other

4. Spherical

Composed of rings

ClassesClassesClassesClasses of

ofofof Compounds

CompoundsCompoundsCompounds

OrganicOrganicOrganicOrganic compounds

compoundscompoundscompounds

classify by functional group: specific combinations of atoms

hydrocarbons C & H contain onlyalcohols

R

OH

acids

R

COOH

amines

R

NH

2

ketones

R(

C=O

)R

aldehydes

R

CHO

How do we write formulas,draw structures and nameorganic compounds?

Drawing Structures

Molecular formula:

C

4

H

10

Line representation:

CH

3

CH

2

CH

2

CH

3

Condensedformula

Drawing Structures

Molecular formula:

C

4

H

10

Line representation:

CH

3

CH

2

CH

2

CH

3

CH

3

(CH

2

)

2

CH

3

Space filling model

Simplest Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

Series of similar C & H compoundsCH

4

methane

C

2

H

6

ethane

C

3

H

8

propane

C

4

H

10

butane

C

5

H

12

pentane

C

6

H

14

hexane

C

n

H

2n+

Alkanes Each differsby CH

2