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Oral Radiology Midterm Questions with
100% correct answers.
3 intraoral radiographs - CORRECT ANSWER -1) bitewing
- periapical
- occlusal
what 2 tooth structures completely absorb radiation (light gray or white) - CORRECT
ANSWER -1) enamel
- lamina dura
tooth structure that partially absorbs radiation (looks gray) - CORRECT
ANSWER -dentin
2 tooth structures that absorb very little radiation (look darker) - CORRECT
ANSWER -1) pulp
2) PDL
2 types of extraoral radiographs - CORRECT ANSWER -1) panoramic
- cephalometric
what is a FMX/CMX - CORRECT ANSWER -full mouth series/ complete mouth
series
5 rules for an accurate shadow image - CORRECT ANSWER -1) smallest
possible source of X-rays ("focal point") (in the equipment, not something clinician can control)
- object as far as practical from X-ray source
- object and recording plane ("detector") as close together as possible
- object and recording plane should be parallel to each other
- radiation at right angle to object and recording plane
what is size 0 intraoral detector size used for - CORRECT ANSWER -children
what is size 1 intraoral detector size used for - CORRECT ANSWER -narrow
anterior periapical (PA)
what is size 2 intraoral detector size used for - CORRECT ANSWER -adult
regular
-posterior PA's and bitewings (BW)
what is size 3 intraoral detector size used for - CORRECT ANSWER -no longer
in common use
what is size 4 intraoral detector size used for - CORRECT ANSWER -occlusal
film
what does a bitewing radiograph capture - CORRECT ANSWER -crowns of the
opposing maxillary and mandibular teeth in the same view, AND the alveolar crests of the same teeth
what are bitewing radiographs useful for - CORRECT ANSWER -- detecting
interproximal caries
- detecting secondary caries below restorations
- detecting interproximal calculus deposits
- evaluating the periodontal condition
what is the most common dental radiograph - CORRECT ANSWER -bitewing
4 challenges of bitewing positioning - CORRECT ANSWER -- tori
- shallow maxillary palate
- sensitive mucosa
- high muscle attachments
why take vertical bitewings - CORRECT ANSWER -alveolar crests in the maxilla
and mandible must be recorded on the bitewing radiograph, even in patients with extensive alveolar bone loss
what are periapical radiographs most useful for - CORRECT ANSWER --
evaluating alveolar bone around the apices of teeth or in edentulous spaces
- evaluating the periodontal condition
- detecting interproximal calculus deposits and caries
what are some radiographic signs of immature pulp - CORRECT ANSWER --
pulp chamber and root canals are large
- dark space at the apices are occupied by dental papilla
what are occlusal radiographs useful for - CORRECT ANSWER -- edentulous
patients
- supplementing periapical radiographs
- "3D" view
- spatial localization of pathology
purpose of maxillary occlusal radiographs/when they are used - CORRECT
ANSWER -purpose: to view a broader area of the maxilla
used to:
- image impacted teeth, or a large bony lesion
- instead of anterior periapicals in small children
- adults with restricted opening of the mouth
BID/PID positioning in anterior maxillary occlusal radiograph - CORRECT
ANSWER -on the nose, angled down
what is visualized in an anterior maxillary occlusal radiograph - CORRECT
ANSWER -- retained roots of extracted teeth
- lesions
- foreign bodies
- salivary stones in ducts
- evaluate fractures what teeth are more in focus in an anterior maxillary occlusal radiograph -
CORRECT ANSWER -the anterior teeth
posterior teeth are blurry
BID/PID positioning in a topographical maxillary occlusal radiograph - CORRECT
ANSWER -tip is on the forehead, angled down
what teeth are more in focus in a topographical maxillary occlusal radiograph -
CORRECT ANSWER -posterior teeth are in much better detail
anterior are still pretty clear
BID/PID positioning in the lateral maxillary occlusal radiograph - CORRECT
ANSWER -on side of eye of patient, angled down
what size of detector is used for adult occlusal radiographs - CORRECT
ANSWER -size 4
what size of detector is used for child occlusal radiographs - CORRECT
ANSWER -size 2
2 technologies used in digital radiography - CORRECT ANSWER -1) direct
sensors
- PSP plates (what UB uses)
overall, what are bitewings best for - CORRECT ANSWER -coronal areas of
tooth and alveolar crests
overall, what are periapicals best for - CORRECT ANSWER -entire tooth, with
emphasis on apices and surrounding bone
overall, what are occlusals best for - CORRECT ANSWER -all or part of an arch
2 ways to minimize shape distortion - CORRECT ANSWER -1) position the
image receptor parallel to the long axis of the object
- orient the central ray perpendicular to the object and image receptor result when central x-ray is perpendicular to detector BUT tooth and detector are not
parallel - CORRECT ANSWER -image foreshortening
-image of tooth is shorter than actual result when central x-ray is perpendicular to tooth, but tooth and detector are not
parallel - CORRECT ANSWER -image elongation
- image of tooth is longer than actual tooth what happens when the central x-ray is perpendicular to the tooth and detector, but
there is a greater distance between the tooth and detector - CORRECT
ANSWER -the image is significantly enlarged
what's going on in the paralleling technique - CORRECT ANSWER -the detector,
long axis of tooth and central ray are all parallel to each other
what's going on in the bisecting technique - CORRECT ANSWER -film is closer
to the tooth but not parallel
- central ray is not perpendicular to the detector
- central ray is not perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth
- central ray is perpendicular to the imaginary bisecting line
how many films are in an FMX - CORRECT ANSWER -
radiology clinical protocol - CORRECT ANSWER -1) patient in waiting room
- sign in: panorex vs. BW's-PA's, talk to faculty and students on rotation
- set up room/barriers, films, XCP
- computer- template
- patient seated- LEAD APRON
conditions that sometimes resemble caries on radiographs - CORRECT
ANSWER -- cervical burnout
- toothbrush abrasion
- nonmetallic/ nonceramic restorations
- attrition (cusps worn down)
- "Mach band effect"
what is cervical burnout - CORRECT ANSWER -optical illusion, radiolucent area
next to 2 radiodense areas
what to check for on the radiograph if periodontal disease is suspected - CORRECT
ANSWER -- appearance of lamina dura
- distance between CEJ and alveolar crest
- PDL space
- calculus around necks of teeth
- localized vs. generalized bone loss
what is in the medullary spaces - CORRECT ANSWER -bone marrow
where is the incisive foramen located - CORRECT ANSWER -- anterior maxilla
- between roots of central incisors
- apical 1/3 of roots
3 conditions for producing X-rays - CORRECT ANSWER -1) source of free
electrons (cathode)
- high voltage to accelerate the electrons toward the anode
- target to stop the electrons (usually Tungsten, W)
what is voltage - CORRECT ANSWER -the force required to move 1 Ampere of
current against a resistance of 1 ohm
Amperage - CORRECT ANSWER -how many X-rays are produced
Voltage - CORRECT ANSWER -how "strong" the x-rays are
