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OPT 113 Diencephalon Exam Questions And Correct Answers!!
Where is the diencephalon? lateral to the midsagittal third ventricle (deep to basal nuclei)
What structures make up the diencephalon? -epithalamus -subthalamus -thalamus -hypothalamus
What is the superior boundary of the diencephalon? floor of lateral ventricles
What is the lateral boundary of the diencephalon? internal capsule
What is the medial boundary of the diencephalon? lateral walls of 3rd ventricle
What is the subthalamus? small region of gray matter inferior to the thalamus and superior to the midbrain; contains many nuclei
What are the main components of the subthalamus? contains cranial ends of substantia nigra and red nucleus within the midbrain tegmentum
What is the epithalamus? small areas of gray matter located near posterior thalamus
What do the habenular nuclei do? they are integration centers for olfaction, visceral, and somatic afferent integration
What is the pineal gland? a small endocrine gland in the brain; secretes melatonin to regulate sleep/wake cycles (circadian rhythms)
Where is the thalamus? masses of gray matter on either side of the 3rd ventricle
What does the thalamus do? relay sensory systems (except olfaction)
What do the right and left thalamus communicate via? interthalamic adhesion
Anterior division of the thalamus anterior nuclei project to cingulate gyrus as part of the papez circuit involved in the emotional state
attention
What are the main functions of the hypothalamus? -homeostasis (parasympathetic/sympathetic) -neuro-secretion -temperature regulation -hunger and thirst -sexual function -physical manifestations of emotion -circadian rhythms -pupil dilation and constriction
What does the hypothalamus secrete? vasopressin and oxytocin
How does the thalamus control temperature? dilation and constriction of skin vessels, sweating, shivering
What physical emotions does the thalamus control? rage, fear, stress
What are the two divisions of the pituitary gland? anterior (hormonal) and posterior (neural)
