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operating system operating system operating system, Summaries of Operating Systems

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Typology: Summaries

2022/2023

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University Institute of Engineering (UIE)
DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER
Introduction to Operating System
Font size 24
UNIVERSITY INSTITUTEOF ENGINEERING
Bachelor of Engineering (Computer
Science & Engineering)
Operating System (21CST-313/21ITH-313)
Subject Coordinator: Er. Puneet kaur(E6913)
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Introduction to Operating System^ DISCOVER.^ LEARN^. EMPOWER

Font size 24

UNIVERSITY INSTITUTEOF ENGINEERING

Bachelor of Engineering (Computer

Science & Engineering)

Operating System (21CST-313/21ITH-313)

Subject Coordinator: Er. Puneet kaur(E6913)

Lecture 1

Introduction to the Operating System

Computer System Components

1. Hardware โ€“ provides basic computing resources (CPU, Memory, I/O devices,

Communication).

2. Operating System โ€“ controls and coordinates

use of the hardware among various application programs for various users.

3. System & Application Programs โ€“ ways in which the system resources are used

to solve computing problems of the users (Word processors, Compilers, Web

browsers, Database systems, Video games).

4. Users โ€“ (People, Machines, other computers).

Static View of System

Components

Hierarchical view of computer system

What is OS?

Operating System is a software, which makes a computer to actually work.

It is the software the enables all the programs we use.

The OS organizes and controls the hardware.

OS acts as an interface between the application

programs and the machine hardware.

Examples: Windows, Linux, Unix and Mac OS, etc.

  • (^) Operating system goals:
    • (^) Execute user programs and make user problems easier
    • (^) Make the computer system convenient to use
    • (^) Use the computer hardware in an efficient manner

Operating-System Structure

  • (^) General-purpose OS is very large program
  • (^) Various ways to structure ones

Simple structure โ€“ MS-DOS

More complex -- UNIX

Layered โ€“ an abstraction

Microkernel -Mach

Simple Structure -- MS-DOS

  • (^) MS-DOS โ€“ written to provide the

most functionality in the least space

Not divided into modules

  • (^) Limited in H/W functionality
  • (^) Although MS-DOS has some

structure, its interfaces and levels of

functionality are not well separated

Non Simple Structure -- UNIX

Layered Approach

  • (^) The operating system is divided into a

number of layers (levels), each built on

top of lower layers.

  • (^) The bottom layer (layer 0), is the

hardware; the highest (layer N) is the user

interface.

  • (^) Main advantage of layered approach is

Modularity.

  • (^) With modularity, layers are selected such

that each uses functions (operations) and

services of only lower-level layers.

  • (^) The major difficulty with layered

approach is to divide the layers carefully,

because a layer can use only those layers

which are below it.

Microkernel System Structure

Kernel is a computer program that manages I/O requests from software and

translates them into data processing instructions for CPU and other electronic

components of computer.

What is a Kernel?

  • (^) The kernel is a computer program at the core of a

computer's operating system with complete control over

everything in the system. It is an integral part of any

operating system.

Features of Kernel

Low-level scheduling of processes

  • (^) Inter-process communication
  • (^) Process synchronization
  • (^) Context switching

Applications of Operating System

  • (^) Security
  • (^) Control over system performance

Job accounting

  • (^) Error detecting aids
  • (^) Coordination between other softwares and users

Conclusion

This lecture makes the student familiar with basics of

operating systems like OS Definition, need of OS, OS

structure, kernel, applications of OS etc.