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UNIT I: INTRODUCTION
. What is Open source software? Open Source Software is software for which the underlying programming code is available tothe users so that they may read it, make changes to it, and build new versions of the softwareincorporating their changes. There are many types of Open Source Software, mainly di ff ering in thelicensing term under which (altered) copies of the source code may (or must be) redistributed.
- What is the Need of Open Source Systems? •No initial cost •No licensing issues •Openness and Transparency •Speed of Access •Freedom of movement •Portable •Reliable •Stable •Security
- What are the four important factors that led to the development of open source software The following are the four important factors that lead to the development of Open SourceSoftware:
- To diminish the high monopoly value of the Proprietary Software 2.To avoid discrimination among persons like developers of the product and users of theproduct 3.To enable the user fi nding and fi xing the bugs themselves 4.To allow customers to have control over the products they use and to redistribute the samewith or without modi fi cations.
- What are the advantages of open source system? •Lesser hardware costs •High-quality software •No vendor lock-in •Integrated management •Simple license management •Lower software costs •Abundant support
E0 00 Predominantly known for its use in
servers supported by corporations such as Dell, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Novell, Oracle Corporation, Red Hat, and Sun Microsystems. E0 00 Used as an operating system for a wide
variety of computer hardware, including desktopcomputers, supercomputers, video game systems, such as the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation3, several arcade games, and embedded devices such as mobile phones, routers,wristwatches, and stage lighting systems
- What are the two phases in the evolution of Linux? A Development Phase: Here the Kernel is not reliable and the Process is to add functionality to it, Optimize it and totry new ideas. This Phase gives rise to odd-numbered version numbers, such as 1.1,1.3 etc., This isthe time when the maximum amount of work is done on the kernel A Stabilization Phase:
Where the aim is to produce as stable a kernel as possible. Only minor adjustments andmodi fi cations are made. The version numbers of so called Stable Kernels are even, such as 1.0, 1.2etc.,
- What are the advantages of Linux? •Low-Cost •Runs on old Hardware •Choice •Installation and GUI •Security •Open source
- List the disadvantages of Linux •Learning •Lack of equivalent programs •More technical ability needed •Not all hardware compatible
- What are the types of system? Operating system is a generic term which in fact describes several families of systems E0 00 Single task system:
Only one program may be run at a time, and therefore only one personmay work on a machine at one time. However, the
- De fi ne Process and di ff erentiate process and program A process can be considered to be a program being run. A program is not a process of itself;it is a passive entity while the process is a active entity with a program counter specifying the nextinstruction to be carries out, as well as the total associated resource.
- What are the Process states? During the course of execution, processes change state. The state of a process is de fi ned by itscurrent activity. The di ff erent possible states of a process are the following E0 00 In execution:
the process is being executed by the processor, E0 00 Ready:
the process could be executed, but another process is currently being executed E0 00 Suspended:
the process is waiting for a resource E0 00 Stopped:
the process has been suspended by the external process
E0 00 Zombie:the process has fi nished its
execution but it is still referenced in the system
