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ONS CHEMOTHERAPY COURSE Exam
| Questions & 100% Correct Answers
(Verified) | Latest Update | Grade A+
pluripotent stem cells Correct Answer: Stem cells that can become almost all types of tissues and cells in the body. (Except Embryonic) myeloid stem cells Correct Answer: Mature into RBCs, Platelets, and WBCs lymphoid stem cells Correct Answer: Mature into specialized WBCs called Lymphocytes what are the types of WBCs? Correct Answer: Granulocytes and Agranulocytes Granuolcytes Correct Answer: basophils, Eosinophils, neutrophils "BEN is GRAN"
Agranulocytes Correct Answer: T lymphocytes, B Lymphocytes, and Monocytes Innate Immunity Correct Answer: First line of defense. Nonspecific response to non-self entity. Examples: skin, mucus membrane, flora of the skin Humoral Immunity Correct Answer: Specific immunity produced by B Lymphocytes and Memory B cells that produce antibodies that circulate in body fluids. B Cells will start dividing when it comes in contact with its antigen and will begin secreting antibodies The pathogen will be phagocytosed by presenting cells and presented to T cells to begin cell mediated immunity. After the threat some of the plasma cells will become memory cells and will go to the bone marrow where they will continue to secrete antibodies for years. Cell Mediated Immunity
Correct Answer: a cancer treatment that is given as the first step to shrink tumor before main treatment adjuvant therapy Correct Answer: used after the primary treatments have been completed to decrease the chance that a cancer will recur induction therapy Correct Answer: The phase of treatment which is designed to obtain a remission of the cancer. Used to prepare for stem cell transplant myeloablation therapy vs nonmyeloablation Correct Answer: Obliteration of bone marrow with chemo typically administered in high doses. Destroys immune system to prepare for transplant Non is not as intense and uses chemo that is not as lethal to the bone marrow Alkylating Agents Correct Answer: synthetic chemicals containing alkyl groups that attack DNA, causing strand breaks Side Effects:
- hypersensitivity reactions
- GI toxicities (N/V/D)
- highly emetogenic
- Renal Toxicity (need BUN and Creatinine prior) Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) Correct Answer: Alkylating agent-Nitrogen Mustards **Hemorrhagic cystitis, can be given with Mesna **IV or oral **HA if given too quickly Ifosfamide (Ifex) Correct Answer: alkylating agent (nitrogen mustard) **Hemorrhagic cystitis, always given with Mesna before and after **Neuro checks **Has to be given in central line
**first 24 hours nausea Nitrosoureas Correct Answer: alkylating agent that can cross the BBB **very nephrotoxic **short term kidney disease **long term pulmonary toxicity Antimetabolites Correct Answer: function by blocking DNA and RNA growth *work in the S phase therefore very effective in fast growing tumors **Vidaza, Xeloda, 5 FU, Cytarabine, Dacogen, Methotrexate **can cause photosensitivity, GI toxicities, and Hand Foot and Mouth **vigorous hydration especially with high tumor burden to prevent TLS
Azacitidine (Vidaza) Correct Answer: Antimetabolite **IV or SC **IV can cause hypokalemia, weakness, rigors and petechiae. Capecitabine (Xeloda) Correct Answer: Antimetabolite **oral 5 FU **take within 30 minutes of meal with water **associated with Hand Foot Mouth **can increase INR with Coumadin **can increase bilirubin 5 - fluorouracil Correct Answer: Antimetabolite
**Lifetime dose limits to prevent permanent cardiotoxicity and pulmonary fibrosis **Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin, Epirubicin, Idarubicin Daunorubicin Correct Answer: Anthracycline **Cardiac function tests prior **hyperuricemia Doxorubicin Correct Answer: Anthracycline **Cardiac function tests prior and continuous monitoring throughout treatment **Lifetime dose not exceed 550mg/m2, 450mg/m2 if also getting cyclophosphamide **hypersensitivity risk **Dexrazoxane is a cardiac protectant sometimes administered prior to administration **Other side effects are hepatic impairment and secondary cancer
**urine changes red/orange Doxorubicin HCL Liposomal Correct Answer: encapsulated in liposome in order to be protected from being detected and destroyed by phagocytes Epirubicin Correct Answer: Anthracycline **can cause amenorrhea Idarubicin Correct Answer: Anthracycline **can cause severe enterocolitis with perforation Mitomycin C Correct Answer: nonanthracycline; antitumor antibiotics **vesicant **nadir occurs 8 weeks after treatment
Correct Answer: used to treat DNA-binding vesicants to prevent the vesicant from invading adjacent tissue **Anthracyclines (doxorubicin, epirubicin, daunorubicin, idarubicin) non-DNA binding vesicants Correct Answer: remain in the local area of extravasation which improves the possibility of deactivation DNA Binding Agents Correct Answer: attach to DNA nucleic acids causing the antagonist to be ingested into the cell leading to progressive tissue destruction Extravasation of Alkylating Agents Correct Answer: apply cold pack for 6-12 hours following sodium thiosulfate Extravasation of Anthracyclines Correct Answer: Apply cold pack for 15 minutes prior to dexrazoxane Extravasation of Taxanes Correct Answer: Apply cold pack for 15-20 minutes at least 4x a day for the first 24 hours
Extravasation of Vinca Alkaloids Correct Answer: Apply warm pack for 15-20 minutes at least 4x a day for the first 24- 48 hours. Elevate extremity
