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online doctor appointment system.
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Design and Development of Online Doctor Appointment System
Presented By:
Md. Maharaz Hossain
Reg. Number: WUB 03/13/28/
Roll: 772
Batch: 28 B CSE
Sharief Mohammad Zamshed
Reg. Number: WUB 03/13/28/
Roll 764
Batch: 28 B CSE
Supervisor:
Md. Mahin
Lecturer
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
B.Sc in CSE
Approval
We Here by submit this Project Report for Examination with the approval of the project supervisor.
Signature……………………..…….………….……….. Date………………..…………………....…..
Kazi Hassan Robin Asstt. Professor & Head Department of Computer Science & Engineering M.Sc. in IT, University of East London, United Kingdom Member, British Computer Society (MBCS)
We wish to dedication this entire project report to our beloved mothers and fathers for their tireless support they accorded us ever since we were children.
DECLARATIN …………….........................................................................................................................ii
DEDICATION ……………………………………………………………….……………………………iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………………………………………………iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………………….………………..v
LIST OF TABLE……………………………………………………………………….………….………vi
LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………….………………vii
ABUSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………..……….……….x
LIST OF ABBREVIATION…………………………………………………………….....……………..xi
DEFINATION OF OPERATIONAL TERMS………………….………………………………………..xii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………..…………………………....………..
1.0 Introduction …………………………………………….……..…..……………………………………
1.2 Objectives ………………………………………………..…..…………………………………………
1.3 Justification of study Objectives ………………..………………… ………..…………………………
1.4 Scope of Study …………………………………………………………………..…………………..
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW……………………………..………………………………….
2.1 Waiting Time………………………………………………………….……………………………..
2.2 Patients’ Appointment System………………………………………………………………………
2.2.1 Appointment Delay…………………………………………….………………………………….
2.2.2 Managing Patients’ Appointment system………………………………………………………….
2.3 Online Booking System………………………………………….…………………………………..
2.4 Existing Hospital Appointment Schemes………………………..………………………………….
Online Doctor appointment System in hospital today necessitate a competent administration when handling patients, generating reports for cashier, patient details which serves as a key factor for the flow of business transactions in Farazy Hospital Ltd. Unfortunately the current Record Management System Leads to misplacement of during details, Patient details and doctor record of reports and insecurity to records. This research project is aimed at computerizing all the records about Patients, Hospital and Doctors. In order to achieve this goal, a through System Study and investigation was carried out and data was collected and analyzed about the current system using document and data flow diagrams. The concept of report production has been computerized hence, no more delay in report generation to the Hospital, Patient and Doctors. Errors made on hand held calculators and dealt out completely. The method used to develop the system include iterative water full model approach, dataflow, logical and entity relationship diagram where used to design the system and finally the language used SQL Server 2008, C# & ASP.Net.
Terminology Meaning
ODAS Online Doctor Appointment System
ERD Entity Relationship Diagram
DBD Database Diagram
DFD Data Flow Diagram
IT Information Technology
C# C Sharp
ASP Active Server Page
HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
1.3 Justification of study
1.4 Scope of Study
Scope of the project is very broad in terms of other online doctor appointment portal.
Few of them are:
2.1 Waiting Time
Waiting time simply means a period of time which one must wait in order for a specific action to occur, after that action is requested or mandated (Fernandes et al., 1994). Patients’ waiting time has been defined as “the length of time from when the patient entered the outpatient clinic to the time the patient actually received his or her prescription” (Jamaiah, 2003). It is defined as the total time from registration until consultation with a doctor. There were two waiting times, the first is time taken to see a physician and the second is time to obtain medicine (Suriani, 2003). This paper deals with the waiting time to see physicians. Long waiting times are a serious problem for patients using urban health centres in developing countries (Bachmann, 1998). A block appointment system was introduced and evaluated in a large South African health centre. Waiting times of all patients were measured over one-week period before and after the implementation of appointments. Focus groups and individual interviews were conducted with staff and patients. After introducing appointments, patients with acute and chronic illnesses and having appointments had significantly shorter waits time than similar patients without appointments (Mahomed, 1998). Appointments had no benefits for patients not seeing doctors or collecting repeat medication. There was, however, an overall increase in patients' waiting times after introducing the system, mainly due to one typical day in the follow-up study. Focus groups and interviews revealed that staff were skeptical at baseline but at follow-up were positive about the system. Patients were enthusiastic about the appointment system at all stages. The study shows that block appointments can reduce patients’ waiting times for acute patients, but may not be suitable for all patients. Staff and patients had different views, which converged with experience of the new system (Mahomed, 1998).
2.2 Patients’ Appointment System
access to a group of related web pages (Alex, 2000). A system is a set of independent components working together to achieve a common objective. Therefore a web based system is a system that is accessible over the internet by a user in order to achieve a particular task for a given purpose. The Internet is a system that is use to connect computers and computer networks. It helps to link millions of computer networks all over the world and it allows the users to get information stored on other computers from a long distance (James, 1999). According to Chua (2010) the public demand for better healthcare system and the alarming number of missed appointments have forced the healthcare sector to recognize how they deliver care services. With the advance of IT technology today and seen healthcare system as a critical system, appointment booking system lies at the intersection of delivering efficient, dependable and timely access to health services. The conventional way of appointment booking is via fax, phone or email. But with the growing internet penetration, healthcare industry is moving towards the use of an online appointment booking system. A web-based appointment system is used in Taiwan; everyone is required to enroll in the national health insurance program. When one needs health service, he shows his health insurance card to doctors in an hospital to start with. There are several ways of making an appointment. A person can either go to the hospital directly for consultation day by day or make an appointment from home through phone call or email if his condition is not emergent (Gruca, 2004). The Internet provides a wide range of technologies that enable hospitals to communicate with their patients. Recently, as the prevalence of Internet increasing, many hospitals initiated the website appointment system. Electronic patient-provider communication promises to improve efficiency and effectiveness of clinical care (Wakefield, 2004)
2.4 Existing Hospital Appointment Schemes
One application developed to manage patients’ appointment scheduling has used exponential enter arrival times. This model assumes that the exponential enter arrival times could not be directly validated by date, and it is limited due to the nature of the appointment scheduling (Rohleder, 2002). Since appointments are scheduled in the future, the exact model of call arrivals will only have limited impact on measures related to the time between the call and the appointment time. For this reason, the challenge for making appointment system is designing a suitable system based on the health care procedure environment (Klassen, 2002). Hence, the appointment provider in the health care center can schedule a patient into an appropriate time slot on a given day. Klassen (2004) developed another method for managing patients’ appointment using multiple schedule appointment in multiple period environments. Patients can call for any appointment time but if the period time is full, they should replace the appointment to another time. Moreover, various combinations for multi appointment and double booking are measured and recommended for different operational use depending on the health care environment because the varying appointment request has little effect on appointment system performance, especially maintaining acceptable performance, except when the system has the overloaded option (Rohleder, 2004). Many studies about patients’ appointment have found that there are rules or policies for scheduling appointment system such as no scheduling for more than 20 or 30 clients and the best schedule is to place two patients in the first appointment and spread the rest consistently over a period based on average service times (Klassen, 2004). On the other hand, a patient can call for an appointment without knowledge of the type of appointment and appointment queue number and the patient is not aware whether the appointment is variable or not. Sometimes the exact duration for each patient can be known but at other times this is unknown (Rohleder, 2004). Another system developed by Mustafa, (2004) allows a registered patient, having user name and password, to access and explore the list of physicians alphabetically and select a physician whose email contact and profile are also provided. A patient can also view the physician working calendar to find out his/her working and non working day to make an appointment. When the patient selects, view calendar the patient can then choose any valid day in any month to make an
appointment (Mustafa, 2004). After that, the patient will receive an e-mail from the system to confirm the appointment time or to inform the patient that the selected time is already taken by another patient or blocked by the physician. In general, the patient appointment system provides all the choices and the capabilities to the patients, such as selecting a physician, selecting the time of appointment, and allows them to access the health care system day or night and schedule their own appointments using the Internet without spending time holding for a nurse or having lengthy phone calls. Wijewickrama and Takakuwa (2005) opine that the health care operating time (due time) is from 8:30 am to 5:30 pm during the week days. Throughout this period, four types of patients arrive to have a consultation appointment in the health care center-appointed patients, same day appointment patients (walk-ins), patients who come for a medical test and new patients (Wijewickrama, 2005). Patients who have appointments are given priority over those who walkin for consultation. Consequently, these latter patients have to wait a long time in the waiting room to meet a doctor even if the consultation time only last few minutes (Takakuwa, 2005). Porta-Sales et al. (2005) developed another system. The main concept of the system is contacting, screening and scheduling appointment with the health care center initially by an expert nurse and the patient initiating contacting with the health care center using the telephone. Moreover, the health care center can be accessible from different places. So there should be PC resources and PC consultations to be accessed from different sources, from other hospitals, from general practitioners, or even from the patients themselves. Porta-Sales et al. (2005) studied 534 patients for a period exceeding one year. After the first visit, 195 patients did not return for the second scheduled appointment and 203 patients had progressed on to the third scheduled visit. The main reason given for the scheduled visits was admission into the health care; the median time-lapse between the first and second visit was 21 days, between the second and third was 27.5 days and between the first and third was 48 days. Comparing patients, who did not attend the three consecutive visits with those who did, indicated that the former had (at the first visit) a lower performance status. Su et al. (2003) studied in a private hospital which has several clinics. For each clinic, the average patient load is 20 per consultation section (morning or afternoon) and the health care system adopts both a patient appointment model and patient registration model. The system allows patients to have self-selected specific physicians for consultation and registration (Shih, 2003). The management appointment system studied by Su and Shih, (2003) is based on the first 20 reserved for scheduled patients, after that, only seven are offered for scheduling. Odd numbers after 20 are left for walk-ins. The arrival time of the first patient is assumed to be the same as the clinic starting time. The scheduled patients are assigned based on 3- main intervals and are also informed about their appointed arrival times (Su, 2003). If the scheduled patient does not appear on time, the next available patient receives consultation immediately. The management operating philosophy of services here is based on “first in, first seen” to limit patient waiting time. Therefore, patients can walk-in to see a physician, when patient shows up at the appointed time (Shih, 2003). Some of the existing appointment booking system have some limitations and the system developed in this research eradicate the limitations of the existing system in confirming patient medical appointment by sending an email to the patient if the appointment have being confirmed or not. It will also enable the patients to view and monitor their medical records online.
1.3 Description of Methodology
The sequential phases in Waterfall model are:
All these phases are cascaded to each other in which progress is seen as flowing steadily downwards (like a waterfall) through the phases. The next phase is started only after the defined set of goals are achieved for previous phase and it is signed off, so the name "Waterfall Model". In this model phases do not overlap.
4.0. Introduction
The chapter describes the system study, analysis, design strengths and weaknesses of the current system, Contest level diagrams, Entity Relationship Diagram, Architectural design.
4.1 System Study
The study was carried out at Patient, Doctors and Hospital the main purposed of the study was to find out how the process of recording patient’s data is carried out. The system that is currently being used in Patient, Doctor and Hospital is entirety manuals. When a patient requests all the information is recorded manually from the appointment then the system are very lazy and more hesitation from the real information, doctor availability and proper time maintenance of the doctor appointment system.
4.2 System Analysis
During the system study phase, requirements of Online Doctor Appointment System (ODAS) were categorized into user requirements, system and hardware requirements.
4.2.1 Existing Online Doctor Appointment Systems
Refer to the literature review, observation, interviews and questionnaires as explained in chapter three it should be noted that at Hospital doctor maintenance we were able to analyze existing systems as discussed below.
The current system was manual where data is written on different papers and transferred to the different departments, human errors were vulnerable since it was paper based and retrieval of files was time consuming as they had to manually locate patient some of which were even lost and thus finding such information was hard. Per the statistics carried 90% of the users were not contented with the system reason that is was not secure in terms of security and storage as it was prone to damages like loss of important information, worn out papers, out break of lire, The speed of recording and retrieval Patients information was average yet 10% were some ok with the system reason that the paper work can used for future reference.
The users recommended that the proposed system should be user friendly, multipurpose enough to handle a number of users at a go, could generate feedback when request is submitted and a use of passwords which could deny access to unauthorized users of system which ensured security. Context diagrams, Data flow diagrams and Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) where used in the analysis and design of the system.
4.2.2 Requirements Specifications
After analyzing the data collected, we formulated a number of requirements namely user requirement, system hardware software attribute. These were grouped as user, functional, non-functional and systems requirements.
4.2.3 User Requirement
This gives a high level view of the new system with the main components of the system and the service they provide and how they communicate. The system is implemented using a three-tier architecture that comprises of our interface, process management and DBMS as illustrated bellow.
Fig: 4.3.3 Entity Relationship Diagram
4.3.4 Data Flow Diagram
Fig. 4.3.4 Data Flow Diagram
4.4 Database Diagram
Fig: 4.4 Database Diagram I
Fig: 4.4 Database Diagram II
