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ABSTRACT
E-Ticketing 1
Electronic Ticket Machine
The Kerala State Road Transport Corporation is introducing ticket machines on buses. The ticket machines would end the use of the hefty 1.5-kg ticket racks carried by KSRTC conductors. It would also end the practice of tearing out tickets and marking fare stages. Instead, the KSRTC conductor would just have to key in the details about the fare stage and the ticket machine would print out the ticket. The machine weighs only 800 grams and is convenient to carry. The parameters are almost like that of a railway ticket, the only difference being that the machine is portable. The machine can print out 2,300 tickets, including the journey report in order to facilitate inspection by the corporation's checking inspectors. Each machine costs Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 12,000. The KSRTC has budgeted Rs. 2 cores for this innovative step which would have the support of the Information Technology Department. In old days the KSRTC was spending Rs. 85 lakhs on printing tickets. The ticket machines would help prevent loss on account of malpractice. It would also help in providing adequate data to the corporation, particularly with regard to the boarding of passengers from fare stages and important points. This would help the corporation prepare and organize its schedules more efficiently on the basis of traffic demand. Besides, it would provide data on concessions given to various sections. Another additional feature is that the data in the ticket machine could be fed into the computer. More over the depots of the corporation would be fully computerized so we want to add some other modules in our domain for depot’s verification.
E-Ticketing 2
1. OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Electronic Bus Ticketing
The ticket machines would end the use of the hefty 1.5-kg ticket racks carried by conductors. It would also end the practice of tearing out tickets and marking fare stages. The Conductor would just have to key in the details about the fare stage and the ticket machine would print out the ticket. The machine weighs only 800 grams and is convenient to carry. The parameters are almost like that of a railway ticket, the only difference being that the machine is portable. The machine can print out 2,300 tickets, including the journey report in order to facilitate inspection by the corporation's checking inspectors. The ticket machines would help prevent loss on account of malpractice. It would also help in providing adequate data to the corporation, particularly with regard to the boarding of passengers from fare stages and important points. This would help the corporation prepare and organize its schedules more efficiently on the basis of traffic demand. Besides, it would provide data on concessions given to various sections. Another additional feature is that the data in the ticket machine could be fed into the computer. More over the depots of the corporation would be fully computerized so we want to add some other modules in our domain for depot’sverification. This project is modularized as the following: Management ofRoute Trip Details BusDetails Bus Stops Bus Ticketing
beginning stop, end stop, ticket number, persons(Adult/child)rate, date and time also we want to print the all these information. In order to do the calculation data has to be pulled out from stops, bus, trip and route. Number of passengers & the states are entered by the Venter and to produce the tickets.
2. SYSTEM STUDY ANDANALYSIS
2.1 INTRODUCTION
System analysis is a process of gathering and interpreting facts, diagnosing problems and the information to recommend improvements on the system. It is a problem solving activity that requires intensive communication between the system users and system developers. System analysis or study is an important phase of any system development process. The system is studied to the minutest detail and analyzed. The system analyst plays the role of the interrogator and dwells deep into the working of the present system. The system is viewed as a whole and the input to the system are identified. The outputs from the organizations are traced to the various processes. System analysis is concerned with becoming aware of the problem, identifying the relevant and decisional variables, analyzing and synthesizing the various factors and determining an optimal or at least a satisfactory solution or program of action. A detailed study of the process must be made by various techniques like interviews, questionnaires etc. The data collected by these sources must be scrutinized to arrive to a conclusion. The conclusion is an understanding of how the system functions. This system is called the existing system. Now the existing system is subjected to close study and problem areas are identified. The designer now functions as a problem solver and tries to sort out the difficulties that the enterprise faces. The solutions are given as proposals. The proposal is then weighed with the existing system analytically and the best one is selected. The proposal is presented to the user for an endorsement by the
can be averted if an in-conceived system is recognized early in the definition phase. The different types of feasibility are: Technical feasibility, Operational feasibility, Economical feasibility. 2.2.1 Technicalfeasibility Technical Feasibility deals with the hardware as well as software requirements. Technology is not a constraint to type system development. We have to find out whether the necessary technology, the proposed equipments have the capacity to hold the data, which is used in the project, should be checked to carryout this technical feasibility. The technical feasibility issues usually raised during the feasibility stage of investigation includes these This software is running in windows 2000 Operating System, which can be easily installed. The hardware required is Pentium basedserver. The system can beexpanded. 2.2.2 BehavioralFeasibility This feasibility test asks if the system will work when it is developed and installed. Operational feasibility in this project:
The proposed system offers greater level ofuser-friendliness. The proposed system produces best results and gives high performance. It can be implemented easily .So this project is operationallyfeasible. 2.2.3 Economicalfeasibility Economical Feasibility deals about the economical impact faced by the organization to implement a new system. Financial benefits must equal or exceed the costs. The cost of conducting a full system, including software and hardware cost for the class of application being considered should be evaluated. Economic Feasibility in this project: The cost to conduct a full system investigation ispossible. There is no additional manpowerrequirement. There is no additional cost involved in maintaining the proposedsystem.
2.4 EXISTINGSYSTEM
Existing system refers to the system that is being followed till now. The existing system requires more computational time, more manual calculations, and the complexity involved in Selection of features is high. The other disadvantages are lack of security of data, Deficiency of Data accuracy, Time consuming etc. To avoid all these limitations and make the working more accurately the system needs to be computerized. Here in the Electronic bus ticketing, a detailed study of existing system is carried along with all the steps in system analysis.
2.4.1 Draw backs of existingsystem.
Here in the Electronic bus ticketing, a detailed study of existing system is carried along with all the steps in system analysis. An idea for creating a better project was carried and the next steps were followed. Lack of security ofdata. More manpower. Timeconsuming. Consumes large volume of parework. Needs manualcalculations. No direct role for the higherofficials. Damage of machines due to lack ofattention. To avoid all these limitations and make the working more accurately the system needs to be computerized.
2.5 PROPOSEDSYSTEM
The aim of proposed system is to develop a system of improved facilities. The proposed system can overcome all the limitations of the existing system. The system provides proper security and reduces the manual work. The existing system has several disadvantages and many more difficulties to work well. The proposed system tries to eliminate or reduce these difficulties up to some extent. The proposed system will help the user to reduce the workload and mental conflict. The proposed system helps the user to work user friendly and he can easily do his jobs without time lagging.
2.5.1 Advantages of Proposed System
The system is very simple in design and to implement. The system requires very low system resources and the system will work in almost all configurations. It has got following features Ensure dataaccuracy. Minimize manual dataentry. Minimum time needed for the variousprocessing Greaterefficiency BetterService Minimum timerequired The ticket machines would help prevent loss on account ofmalpractice
3. SYSTEM DESIGN
3.1INTRODUCTION
System Design is the most creative and challenging phase in the system life cycle. Design is the first step into the development phase for any engineeredproduct or system. Design is a creative process. A good design is the key to effective system. System design is a solution how to approach the creation of a new system. System design transforms a logic representation of what is required to do into the physical specification. The specification is converted into physical reality duringdevelopment.
3.2 LOGICALDESIGN
The logical flow of a system and define the boundaries of a system. It includes the following steps: Reviews the current physical system – its data flows, file content, volumes, frequenciesetc. Prepares output specifications – that is, determines the format, content and Frequency of reports. Prepares input specifications – format, content and most of the inputfunctions. Prepares edit, security and controlspecifications. Specifies the implementationplan. Prepares a logical design walk through of the information flow, output, input, controls and implementationplan. Reviews benefits, costs, target dates and systemconstraints.
3.3 PHYSICALDESIGN
Physical system produces the working systems by define the design specifications that tell the programmers exactly what the candidate system must do. It includes the following steps. Design the physicalsystem. Specify input and outputmedia. Design the database and specify backupprocedures. Design physical information flow through the system and a physical design Walk through. Plan systemimplementation. Prepare a conversion schedule and targetdate. Determine training procedures, courses and timetable. Devise a test and implementation plan and specify any newhardware/software. Update benefits , costs , conversion date and systemconstraints
Design/Specification activities
Conceptformulation. Problemunderstanding. High level requirementsproposals. Feasibilitystudy. Requirementsengineering. Architecturaldesign.
3.5 OUTPUTDESIGN
A quality output is one, which meets the requirements of the end user and presents the information clearly. The objective of output design is to convey information about past activities, current status or projections of the future, signal important events, opportunities, problems, or warnings, trigger an action, confirm an action etc. Efficient, intelligible output design should improve the system’s relationship with the user and helps in decisions making. In output design the emphasis is on displaying the output on a CRT screen in a predefined format. The primary consideration in design of output is the information requirement and objectives of the end users. The major formation of the output is to convey the information and so its layout and design need a careful consideration. There is an output display screen for showing the compressed/ decompressed file or folder details (Original file size, Compressed/Decompressed file size, distinct characters)
3.6 DATA FLOWDIAGRAM
Data flow oriented techniques advocate that the major data items handled by a system must be first identified and then the processing required on these data items to produce the desired outputs should be determined. The DFD (also called as bubble chart) is a simple graphical formalism that can be used to represent a system in terms of input data to the system, various processing carried out on these data, and the output generated by the system. It was introduced by De Macro (1978), Gane and Sarson (1979).The primitive symbols used for constructing DFD’sare: Symbols used in DFD A circle represents a process. A rectangle represents external entity A square defines a source or destination of the system data. An arrow identifies dataflow. Double line with one end closed indicates data store
3.7 DATABASEDESIGN
A database is an organized mechanism that has the capability of storing information through which a user can retrieve stored information in an effective and efficient manner. The data is the purpose of any database and must beprotected. The database design is a two level process. In the first step, user requirements are gathered together and a database is designed which will meet these requirements as clearly as possible. This step is called Information Level Design and it is taken independent of any individual Database Management System(DBMS). In the second step, this Information level design is transferred into a design for the specific DBMS that will be used to implement the system in question. This step is called Physical Level Design, concerned with the characteristics of the specific DBMS that will be used. A database design runs parallel with the system design. The organization of the data in the database is aimed to achieve the following two majorobjectives. Data Integrity Dataindependence
3.8DATABASE TABLEDESIGN
Table Name: - Login Primary key: User Name Table Name: - Route management Primary Key: Routenumber
