Olericulture - Principles of Horticulture - Vegetable Production | PLSC 201, Study notes of Gardening and Horticulture

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Olericulture

Olericulture

Vegetable

Vegetable

Production

Production

Olericulture Olericulture –

- Vegetable growing

Vegetable growing

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Objectives Objectives

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What are the major categories used to classify vegetable crops byWhat are the major categories used to classify vegetable crops b

y

edible partsedible parts

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What are two major categories that commercial vegetable productionWhat are two major categories that commercial vegetable producti

on

can be divided intocan be divided into

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What state produces almost half of the vegetables grown in the US?What state produces almost half of the vegetables grown in the U

S?

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Know what are cool and warm season vegetable cropsKnow what are cool and warm season vegetable crops

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Explain the growing requirements for cool and warm season vegetablesExplain the growing requirements for cool and warm season vegeta

bles

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Understand vegetable crop establishment, including cultivar seleUnderstand vegetable crop establishment, including cultivar selection,

ction,

seedbed preparation and establishment of vegetable crops by seed andseedbed preparation and establishment of vegetable crops by seed

and

transplant, maintenance and caretransplant, maintenance and care

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Define postDefine post-

-harvest handling and steps that it includes

harvest handling and steps that it includes

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What factors should be considered when preparing for a home gardenWhat factors should be considered when preparing for a home gard

en

for growing vegetables?for growing vegetables?

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What are two major benefits of eating vegetables?What are two major benefits of eating vegetables?

Classification of vegetable crops

Classification of vegetable crops

Classification by edible plant parts Classification by edible plant parts

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Root crops Root crops

• beets, carrots, turnips, radishes

beets, carrots, turnips, radishes

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Tuber crops Tuber crops

• potatoes, yam

potatoes, yam

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Bulb crops Bulb crops

• leek, onion, garlic

leek, onion, garlic

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Corm Corm

• Taro

Taro

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Flowers Flowers

• cauliflower, broccoli

cauliflower, broccoli

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Leaf/greens Leaf/greens

• spinach, collards, lettuce, cabbage, Brussels sprouts

spinach, collards, lettuce, cabbage, Brussels sprouts

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Stems/petioles Stems/petioles

• asparagus, kohlrabi, rhubarb, celery

asparagus, kohlrabi, rhubarb, celery

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Fruit Fruit

• melons, squash, cucumber, tomatoes, peppers, sweet corn

melons, squash, cucumber, tomatoes, peppers, sweet corn

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Seeds Seeds

• dry beans, peas, chickpeas

dry beans, peas, chickpeas

Classification of vegetable crops Classification of vegetable crops

Classification based on life cycle Classification based on life cycle

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Annuals

Annuals

• beans, lettuce, peas, pumpkins

beans, lettuce, peas, pumpkins

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Biennials

Biennials

• cabbage, beets, parsley

cabbage, beets, parsley

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Perennials

Perennials

• chives, asparagus, tomato

chives, asparagus, tomato

Classification based on climate Classification based on climate

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Warm season crops

Warm season crops

• pepper, okra, tomato, cucumber

pepper, okra, tomato, cucumber

• Setting fruit is the objective of warm

Setting fruit is the objective of warm-

-season crops

season crops

• Require soil warmth and short days to germinate, but need long

Require soil warmth and short days to germinate, but need long

days and high temperatures to form and ripen fruit days and high temperatures to form and ripen fruit

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Cool season crops

Cool season crops

• broccoli, cauliflower, beets, onion

broccoli, cauliflower, beets, onion

• Is grown for it

Is grown for it’

’s vegetative parts: the roots (carrot), leaves

s vegetative parts: the roots (carrot), leaves

(cabbage), stems (asparagus), and immature flowers (broccoli) (cabbage), stems (asparagus), and immature flowers (broccoli)

• The food value of cool season crops is generally higher than

The food value of cool season crops is generally higher than

that of warm season crops per pound and per acre. that of warm season crops per pound and per acre.

Fruiting Vegetables Grown in Idaho Counties

Root and Tuber Vegetables Grown in Idaho Counties

U.S. Onion Production U.S. Onion Production

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The trademark variety is Spanish Sweet in ID The trademark variety is Spanish Sweet in ID

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Onion represent the third-Onion represent the third

-largest fresh vegetable industry

largest fresh vegetable industry

in the US (following potatoes and tomatoes) in the US (following potatoes and tomatoes)

Vegetable crop establishment Vegetable crop establishment

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Cultivar selection Cultivar selection

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Climate Climate

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Life cycle Life cycle

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Usage Usage

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Cultural needs Cultural needs

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Quality and yield Quality and yield

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Seedbed preparation Seedbed preparation

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Planting by seed Planting by seed

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Planting by transplanting Planting by transplanting

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Maintenance and care Maintenance and care

Cultivar selection Cultivar selection

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Climate

Climate

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Moisture Moisture

• Vegetable crops need a consistent supply of water, even minor

Vegetable crops need a consistent supply of water, even minor

water stress will result in reduction in yields and quality water stress will result in reduction in yields and quality

• Irrigation is important for getting a good, uniform stand which

Irrigation is important for getting a good, uniform stand which

insure high yield insure high yield

• Most vegetables are shallow rooted

Most vegetables are shallow rooted

• For good yield and high quality, irrigation is essential

For good yield and high quality, irrigation is essential

• Soil moisture requirements differ with the crop and stage of

Soil moisture requirements differ with the crop and stage of

growth growth

Cultivar selection

Cultivar selection

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Climate

Climate

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Light Light

• it is important that vegetable crops have the proper light

it is important that vegetable crops have the proper light

intensity, quality and duration intensity, quality and duration

• Leaf and many root vegetables can be grown in semi

Leaf and many root vegetables can be grown in semi-

-shady

shady

area area

• Fruit producing vegetables require full sun in order to

Fruit producing vegetables require full sun in order to

photosynthesize carbohydrates for flowering and fruiting photosynthesize carbohydrates for flowering and fruiting

• Photoperiod impacts flowering & fruiting

Photoperiod impacts flowering & fruiting

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Air movement Air movement

• Less wind, less evaporation, less water requirement

Less wind, less evaporation, less water requirement

• Adequate air movement is required for good growth

Adequate air movement is required for good growth

• If excessive

If excessive

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Planting trees or tall grasses, and hedgerows as windbreaks Planting trees or tall grasses, and hedgerows as windbreaks

Vegetable crop establishment

Vegetable crop establishment

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Soil preparation

Soil preparation

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Control weeds and pests Control weeds and pests

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Soil testing Soil testing –

• nutrient levels, soil pH

nutrient levels, soil pH

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Add organic matter to improve soil structure Add organic matter to improve soil structure

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Till the soil to increase aeration, moisture infiltration, weed Till the soil to increase aeration, moisture infiltration, weed control

control

and incorporating residue and incorporating residue

Minimal tillage or Minimal tillage or

Strip tillage Strip tillage

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Installation of irrigation systems Installation of irrigation systems

Strip tillage and cover crop mulch system for vegetable production

Reasons for Decline in Soil Quality in Vegetable and Small Fruit Production

Practices to Help Maintain or Improve Soil Quality

Practices to Help Maintain or Improve Soil Quality

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Reduce tillage and minimize cultivation

Reduce tillage and minimize cultivation

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Do not drive on or work wet soil

Do not drive on or work wet soil

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Diversify and lengthen rotations

Diversify and lengthen rotations

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Grow cover crops

Grow cover crops

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Use living and plant residue mulches

Use living and plant residue mulches

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Apply organic amendments

Apply organic amendments

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Use a controlled

Use a controlled-

-traffic system

traffic system

Cultivar selection Cultivar selection

Plant requirements

Plant requirements

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Soil characteristics Soil characteristics

• Vegetables are generally grown on mineral or organic soils

Vegetables are generally grown on mineral or organic soils

Sandy loam and loam soils are the preferred types Sandy loam and loam soils are the preferred types

• Organic soils (peat or mucks) are important vegetable

Organic soils (peat or mucks) are important vegetable

growing soils in Florida, California, New York growing soils in Florida, California, New York