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Material Type: Notes; Class: Principles of Horticulture; Subject: Plant Science; University: University of Idaho; Term: Unknown 2007;
Typology: Study notes
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Olericulture Olericulture –
- Vegetable growing
Vegetable growing
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Objectives Objectives
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What are the major categories used to classify vegetable crops byWhat are the major categories used to classify vegetable crops b
y
edible partsedible parts
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What are two major categories that commercial vegetable productionWhat are two major categories that commercial vegetable producti
on
can be divided intocan be divided into
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What state produces almost half of the vegetables grown in the US?What state produces almost half of the vegetables grown in the U
S?
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Know what are cool and warm season vegetable cropsKnow what are cool and warm season vegetable crops
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Explain the growing requirements for cool and warm season vegetablesExplain the growing requirements for cool and warm season vegeta
bles
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Understand vegetable crop establishment, including cultivar seleUnderstand vegetable crop establishment, including cultivar selection,
ction,
seedbed preparation and establishment of vegetable crops by seed andseedbed preparation and establishment of vegetable crops by seed
and
transplant, maintenance and caretransplant, maintenance and care
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Define postDefine post-
-harvest handling and steps that it includes
harvest handling and steps that it includes
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What factors should be considered when preparing for a home gardenWhat factors should be considered when preparing for a home gard
en
for growing vegetables?for growing vegetables?
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What are two major benefits of eating vegetables?What are two major benefits of eating vegetables?
Classification by edible plant parts Classification by edible plant parts
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Root crops Root crops
beets, carrots, turnips, radishes
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Tuber crops Tuber crops
potatoes, yam
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Bulb crops Bulb crops
leek, onion, garlic
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Corm Corm
Taro
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Flowers Flowers
cauliflower, broccoli
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Leaf/greens Leaf/greens
spinach, collards, lettuce, cabbage, Brussels sprouts
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Stems/petioles Stems/petioles
asparagus, kohlrabi, rhubarb, celery
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Fruit Fruit
melons, squash, cucumber, tomatoes, peppers, sweet corn
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Seeds Seeds
dry beans, peas, chickpeas
Classification of vegetable crops Classification of vegetable crops
Classification based on life cycle Classification based on life cycle
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Classification based on climate Classification based on climate
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Setting fruit is the objective of warm-
-season crops
season crops
Require soil warmth and short days to germinate, but need long
days and high temperatures to form and ripen fruit days and high temperatures to form and ripen fruit
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Is grown for it’
’s vegetative parts: the roots (carrot), leaves
s vegetative parts: the roots (carrot), leaves
(cabbage), stems (asparagus), and immature flowers (broccoli) (cabbage), stems (asparagus), and immature flowers (broccoli)
The food value of cool season crops is generally higher than
that of warm season crops per pound and per acre. that of warm season crops per pound and per acre.
Fruiting Vegetables Grown in Idaho Counties
Root and Tuber Vegetables Grown in Idaho Counties
U.S. Onion Production U.S. Onion Production
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The trademark variety is Spanish Sweet in ID The trademark variety is Spanish Sweet in ID
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Onion represent the third-Onion represent the third
-largest fresh vegetable industry
largest fresh vegetable industry
in the US (following potatoes and tomatoes) in the US (following potatoes and tomatoes)
Vegetable crop establishment Vegetable crop establishment
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Cultivar selection Cultivar selection
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Climate Climate
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Life cycle Life cycle
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Usage Usage
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Cultural needs Cultural needs
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Quality and yield Quality and yield
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Seedbed preparation Seedbed preparation
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Planting by seed Planting by seed
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Planting by transplanting Planting by transplanting
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Maintenance and care Maintenance and care
Cultivar selection Cultivar selection
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Moisture Moisture
Vegetable crops need a consistent supply of water, even minor
water stress will result in reduction in yields and quality water stress will result in reduction in yields and quality
Irrigation is important for getting a good, uniform stand which
insure high yield insure high yield
Most vegetables are shallow rooted
For good yield and high quality, irrigation is essential
Soil moisture requirements differ with the crop and stage of
growth growth
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Light Light
it is important that vegetable crops have the proper light
intensity, quality and duration intensity, quality and duration
Leaf and many root vegetables can be grown in semi-
-shady
shady
area area
Fruit producing vegetables require full sun in order to
photosynthesize carbohydrates for flowering and fruiting photosynthesize carbohydrates for flowering and fruiting
Photoperiod impacts flowering & fruiting
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Air movement Air movement
Less wind, less evaporation, less water requirement
Adequate air movement is required for good growth
If excessive
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Planting trees or tall grasses, and hedgerows as windbreaks Planting trees or tall grasses, and hedgerows as windbreaks
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Control weeds and pests Control weeds and pests
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Soil testing Soil testing –
nutrient levels, soil pH
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Add organic matter to improve soil structure Add organic matter to improve soil structure
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Till the soil to increase aeration, moisture infiltration, weed Till the soil to increase aeration, moisture infiltration, weed control
control
and incorporating residue and incorporating residue
Minimal tillage or Minimal tillage or
Strip tillage Strip tillage
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Installation of irrigation systems Installation of irrigation systems
Strip tillage and cover crop mulch system for vegetable production
Reasons for Decline in Soil Quality in Vegetable and Small Fruit Production
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Cultivar selection Cultivar selection
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Soil characteristics Soil characteristics
Vegetables are generally grown on mineral or organic soils
Sandy loam and loam soils are the preferred types Sandy loam and loam soils are the preferred types
Organic soils (peat or mucks) are important vegetable
growing soils in Florida, California, New York growing soils in Florida, California, New York