




Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Community
Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts
Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users
Free resources
Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors
Chapter in Review. 1. Psychotherapy is a unique healing personal relationship that differs from other helpful relationships in a number of ways.
Typology: Study notes
1 / 8
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
Chapter in Review
based on the idea that psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety originate in a person’s illogical, absolutist, and counterproductive ideas about living. REBT therapists can be highly confrontational and forceful, compelling their clients to face reality squarely. Cognitive therapy (CT), devised by Aaron Beck, somewhat similarly proposes that emotional problems are brought on by “automatic thoughts” that are highly unrealistic, self-defeating, and biased against the self. According to Beck, these automatic thoughts emerge when a person possesses dysfunctional, underlying core beliefs about the self, the world, and the future—termed the negative cognitive triad. Unlike REBT therapists, who offer rational advice to their clients in a forceful manner, CT therapists do not offer advice but attempt a gentler “scientific collaboration” with their clients, whereby clients’ distorted beliefs are “tested” against real-world evidence. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is based on the view that there is a complex link between cognition and emotion that includes behavior. CBT therapists blend techniques of cognitive therapy and behavior therapy. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a brief therapy for depression that blends techniques of CBT with meditation techniques based on Buddhist practices. CBT is part of an influential movement to create therapies whose worth can be objectively evaluated in randomized controlled trials. Psychotherapies that demonstrate superiority over no treatment for a given disorder are known as empirically supported treatments (ESTs). Such therapies are efficacious—a term that describes a treatment that is superior to placebo in research studies—but they may or may not be effective in real-world settings.
troublesome side effects. Collectively, MAO inhibitors and TCAs are considered “first-generation” antidepressants.
drug efficacy. Meta-analytic research using data bases that include studies held back from publication or FDA viewing by the pharmaceutical companies shows that with the exception of cases of the most extremely severe depressions, antidepressants are no more efficacious than placebos. Even in cases of extremely severe depressions, antidepressants do not always work. Nonetheless, some researchers suggest that these statistical findings underestimate the drugs’ usefulness.
Does psychotherapy work?
What is pharmacotherapy?
Does pharmacotherapy work?
What other biological treatments are available?