Download Ohio Revised Code (ORC) Chapters and Definitions Related to Motor Vehicle Offenses and more Exams Law in PDF only on Docsity!
ORC section that covers definitions related to MV offenses . ORC chapter that covers moving violations 4511 ORC chapter that covers equipment violations 4513 ORC chapter that covers drivers license suspensions 4510 ORC chapter that covers MV crimes 4549 Four dimensions of a whole person that collectively contribute to a person's effectiveness Physical - healthy body: strength and endurance Mental- healthy mind: feeding, challenging, growing mind Emotional- healthy heart: positive emotions, managing energy Spiritual- healthy spirit: purposeful, serving a cause, faithful to self. Identify the characteristics of a crisis state
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- An episode of mental and/ or emotional upheaval or distress that creates instability or danger, and causes behavior that is considered disruptive by the community, by friends or family members of the person and/ or by the person.
- The elements of disruption and danger are why, in these situations, may people call law enforcement rather than emergency medical services/ mental health agencies.
- Often there is a perception event that triggers the crisis: a) an emotional/ medical event b) persons perception to the event may be accurate, erroneous, or somewhere in between c) regardless of the accuracy of their perception, the persons normal methods of coping and solving problems fail, resulting in a breakdown of control, inability to respond appropriately, a feeling of being "overwhelmed" List the causes of compromised coping capacity
- Brain chemistry
- Deterioration of the brain
- Developmental disabilities
- Damage to the brain through blunt force, severe stress, and trauma
- Unbearable stress that causes suicidal thinking/ actions
- Substance abuse Describe the differences between traditional encounters and special population encounters
- Difference is the increased need to be non-confrontational.
- Special population encounters frequently benefit from a change in response to one in which de-escalation is the foundation.
- Using sarcasm or inflammatory language.
- Lying or misleading the person to calm him/her down, unless extreme circumstances exist. Loss Model : Recognize the nature of a person's crisis
- Loss of reality
- Loss of hope
- Loss of control
- Loss of perspective Identify all elements of the offense of Domestic Violence per R.C. 2919.
- Knowingly cause or attempt to cause physical harm to a family/ household member.
- Recklessly cause serious physical harm to a family/ household member.
- By threat or force knowingly cause a family/household member to believe that the offender will cause imminent physical harm to the family/ household member. Temporary Protection Order (TPO) Order from the court that is available after a family/household member is charged with a violent/sexually oriented offense. Effective for the length of the case Criminal Protection Order (CRPO) Issued by the court after a non-family/non-household member is charged with a violent, menacing, or sexually oriented criminal offense. Like a TPO for non-family or non-household members
Operator certification levels for LEADS Fully Qualified Operator (FQO) : someone who can operate a LEADS access device and who has the authority to enter, change, clear, modify, query, locate, detain, and submit "hit" confirmations. When info obtained from LEADS may be shared For criminal justice purposes only. Severity of crime for misuse of LEADS Felony of the 5th degree How OHLEG is to be utilized For criminal justice/ law enforcement use only. Severity of crime for misuse of OHLEG Felony of the 5th degree When locating agencies must obtain "hit" confirmation
- Arresting the wanted person
- Detaining the missing person
- Seizing the stolen property
- Charging the subject with violation a protection order Types of primary and secondary injuries that a victim may suffer Primary :
- Encounters with the CJ system.
- May have been previously victimized and they don't feel supported/believe when reporting previous incident. Fears that having been a victimized multiple times lowers the likelihood of being believed and receiving support. Define the term strip search The inspection of a naked individual without scrutinizing the subject's body cavities Four Causes of Illegible Fingerprints
- Failure to produce the focal points
- Allowing the fingers to slip or twist
- Failure to clean the fingers and equipment of foreign substances and perspiration
- Insufficient ink Define Cover Any object that will provide ballistic protection and not limit the ability to observe the situation/return fire Define concealment Any object or condition that disguises, obscures, or hides one's exact location does not provide ballistic protection. Unknown Risk (Building Searches) Officer is unsure if the area/ structure is occupied. Officer thinks the suspect is in the building or not, the search should always be conducted as if a suspect is in the structure.
High Risk (Building Searches) Involves prior knowledge or circumstances indicating a likelihood or serious physical harm , risk of offender escaping, may require officer to respond immediately to avoid injury/ death to an innocent civilian. Basic requirements for body cavity searches
- Must obtain a search warrant unless there is a medical emergency justifying a search
- Must be conducted under sanitary conditions in a location that permits only the person being searched and the person conducting the search to observe.
- Must be performed by a medical professional of the same sex. Asses a dog's behavior Relaxed - play bow/ body wiggle, tail wagging, ears neutral, mouth appears soft tongue hanging out, eyes soft, normal pupil size. Defensive- tail tucked, body lowered, ears back, dilated pupils, tense muscles, weight shifted back, piloerection (hair sticking up) , growling/ snarling, excessive panting. Offensive- tail stiff, ears forward, hard and stiff muscles, weight forward, piloerection, barking/growling/snapping. Criteria that must be met before activating a Blue Alert Law Enforcement officer has been seriously injured/ killed, missing on duty warranting concern for officer's safety Two types of Human Trafficking in Ohio
- Determine who has custody rights.
- Confirm the suspected family member as the actual abductor
- Ask questions to establish the intent of the abductor.
- Ask additional questions. The closure stage provides an important opportunity for law enforcement to learn
- How the runaway survived.
- Investigate if other crimes were being committed at home that may have caused to child to run. Criteria that must be met to activate an Amber Alert
- Confirm the child is under 18 yrs old.
- Believe that the abduction poses a credible threat of immediate danger of bodily harm/ death to the child.
- Sufficient descriptive info about the child, suspect, or the circumstances surrounding abduction to believe that the alert will help locate the child.
- Determine that the child is not a runaway and has not been abducted as the result of a family abduction unless the child is in immediate danger of bodily harm/ death. Criteria that must be met to activate an Endangered Missing Child Alert
- Child is under 18 yrs old.
- The missing child is lost/ non-witnessed/ non-confirmed abduction.
- The child's whereabouts are unknown.
- Disappearance of the child posses a credible threat of immediate bodily harm/ death. When the missing person is 21 years of age or older and foul play is suspected
- All info contained in the report must be entered into NCIC within 7 days.
- Officers are strongly encouraged to enter the info immediately. 3 Phases of DUI Detection
- Vehicle in motion
- Personal contact
- SFST Decision for Phase 1 (SFST) Should I stop or have enough to stop this vehicle? Decision for Phase 2 (SFST) Should I make the driver exit the vehicle? Decision for Phase 3 (SFST) Do I have enough info to arrest? SFST consist of how many tests?
- 3 HGN (Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus) Walk and Turn One Leg Stand How many clues are in the HGN test?
- 3 per eye = total of 6 How many clues are in the walk and turn test?
- Not walking heel to toe.
- Steps off line.
- Uses arms to balance. (> 6 inches)
- Improper turn.
- Incorrect # of steps. The 4 clues for the One Leg Stand test
- Sways while balancing.
- Uses arms to balance.
- Hopping.
- Puts foot down. What is a peace officers first priority in protecting the scene of a crash? Protect the crash victims and the first responders How do you recognize when a situation is classified as a motor vehicle traffic accident?
- Includes one or more occurrences of injury/damage At least one occurrence was not direct result of cataclysm
- Involves one or more vehicle
- At least one vehicle was in transport
- Incident was unstable
- Originated on a traffic way or injury/damage occurred on traffic way How many sequence of events can you have for a traffic crash? 6 events.
How do you list the sequence of events? Starts with the first harmful event then include the most relevant events ending with the most harmful event. What is contact damage? Damage caused by direct contact with an object that is not a part of the vehicle What is induced damage? Is damage caused when part of the vehicle is displaced. Typically caused by the force of the contact damage. What evidence should be photographed at a traffic crash?
- Everything damaged
- All physical evidence The process for arresting a Juvenile
- May choose to exercise discretion and not file charges
- interview juvenile (contact guardians)
- If probable cause exists take into custody (fingerprint, photograph, and interrogation) When do federal and Ohio juvenile violations occur?
- An accused delinquent offender is held for over six hours (felony).
- An accused delinquent offender is held for over 3 hours (misdemeanor/status offense).
- An adjudicated delinquent is sentenced to a secure adult jail/prison.
- Any juvenile that is held securely is not sight and sound separated from adult offenders.
- Refuses to sign citation
- Offender was previously issued a citation for the same misdemeanor and failed to appear. What are the necessary steps in preparing for court?
- Ensure all evidence required for case is accounted for.
- Contact prosecutor to determine if additional assistance or info is needed.
- Review notes/reports. General rules for effective courtroom testimony
- Be early.
- Be professional.
- Wear uniform/business attire.
- Speak loudly, confidently, and clearly.
- Give concise, clear, and complete answers.
- Avoid talking to potential/actual jurors. Ways to counter common defense attorney tactics
- Answer truthfully.
- Slow the pace by pausing.
- Know the facts of the case.
- Remain calm, look at the person asking the question.
- Stay alert and listen.
- Answer only the question that was asked.
- If you don't understand ask to rephrase/repeat question.
Identify the categories of persons who fall within the meaning of family or household member
- Any of the following who is residing or has resided with the offender, a spouse, a person living as a spouse, or a former spouse of the offender.
- A parent, foster parent, or a child of the offender, or another person by blood or marriage to the offender. List the four elements that should be used to determine the primary physical aggressor in a domestic violence incident
- History of domestic violence.
- Whether the alleged violence was caused by a person acting in self-defense.
- Each person's fear of physical harm, if any, resulting from threatened force or history of force.
- Severity of any injuries suffered by the person's involved in the alleged offense. Tourniquet A device used for bleeding control that constricts all blood flow to and from an extremity. Functional hemorrhage control
- Pack with gauze, hold direct pressure, apply trauma dressing.
- 3 mins of application. Nasopharyngeal Goes into the right nostril use head, tilt chin lift, water based lubricant, push in gently until it rest backwards, place in recovery procedure. Sealing chest wounds
Two general categories for vehicle stops
- Unknown risk
- High risk 2 legal foundations in making a vehicle stop
- Probable cause
- Reasonable suspicion Initiated contact Any situation where officer deploys directly from cruiser to make contact with a suspect or citizen 2 common methods an officer can be injured or killed during a initiated contact
- Felonious assault
- Crash Four firearm safety rules
- Treat it as loaded
- Never point at anything you don't want to destroy
- Keep finger off the trigger until you wish to shoot
- Aware of backstop and beyond Room entry techniques
- Modified
- Combination Two Approach patterns
- Left side walk-up
- Right side walk-up What information should be relayed to dispatch prior to activating lights and sirens
- Location
- Vehicle registration (plate/state)
- Vehicle characteristics
- Vehicle occupants
- Offense Areas of concern related to vehicle stop assessment
- Pre-contact: prior Knowledge, observations, experiences before contact.
- Environmental concerns: weather condition, traffic speed. Number/ actions visible occupants
- Sensory sweep: using all five senses during and after encounter. Cardinal Rules of crime scene photography
- Fill the Frame
- Maximize the depth of field.
- Keep the lens perpendicular to the subject.
