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Ohio Lead Risk Assessor Exam with correct
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What kind of paint can have lead in it? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔oil- based paint What jobs work with lead? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔construction, electronic factories/repair, restoration work, radiator repair, policemen, X-rays, commercial flashing, fishing, batteries, smelting, painting, electrical work, stained glass pottery, etc. What is considered lead-based paint according to HUD/EPA? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Paint that has lead 1 mg/cm^2 or 0.5% by weight What is considered lead-based paint according to OSHA? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Paint that has any detectable amount of lead What is the maximum amount of lead in consumer products according to CDC/CPSC? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔90 ppm or 0.009% by weight When did lead-based paint usage decline? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔It declined in the 1950s as latex paint became cheaper and more popular
What was the industry standard for residential lead-based paint in 1955? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1%, which was adopted by Congress in 1971 and reduced to 0.06% in 1978 Are there any restrictions on the use of lead-based paint for non- residential uses? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔No, there are no federal restrictions on the use of lead-based paint for industrial purposes and it is still used in some areas How does lead enter the body? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The lead can enter the child's system in one of three ways: -Eating contaminated food or substances -Breathing contaminated air -Drinking contaminated water The most common mode of transmission into the body is exposure to household dust or yard soil that is contaminated with lead. What consumer products contain lead? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Imported goods, pool cue chalk, calcium supplements from bone or oyster shells, some hair dyes What is body burden? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The total amount of lead in the body at any point How long does lead stay in your body? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The half-life of lead is 1 month in the bloodstream, 1-1.5 months in soft tissue, and 25-30 years in bone
Risk Assessor Designer 2 broad steps required under tile X That affect government owned and assisted housing - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Identify hazard control hazard Title X mandated the establishment of health based standards for dust, soil, and lead based paint - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Window sills and trough 100mcg/ft floors 10mcg/ft soil 400 ppm water 15 ppb exterior living areas 40 mcg/ft What is title x - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Mandated Government to decrease lead hazards in housing What law requires training and certification for lead work under title X - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔TSCA toxic substances control act What are the recordkeeping and reporting requirements for individuals that work with lead? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Issue a report for each lead activity performed Issue a report for each lead abatement project performed Maintain a copy of each report issued for a lead activity for a period of at least 3 years and make it available to director upon request
Submit to the director a monthly summary of each residential unit, child care facility, or school What is a lead risk assessor licensed to conduct? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Lead inspections Lead-based paint sampling Clearance examinations Lead risk assessments Lead hazard screen risk assessments Other lead assessment activities Identify lead hazard control strategies to reduce or eliminate lead exposures What is a lead risk assessor required to include in their reports? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔All data from on-site testing, including quality control data, and if an XRF is used, its serial number Specific locations of all surfaces or components tested A copy of the laboratory report A statement for when LBP is not found above the requirements What are the three main reasons for using wipe samples to determine lead dust hazards? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Cheap, easy, and fast/effective Why do we not use micro-vacuuming for dust? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Because results are unreliable and inconsistent
What is the minimum size of a dust wipe area? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔0.10 ft^ What if there are paint chips present where we sample during a risk assessment? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔If it sticks to the wipe, include it, but if it doesn't, don't make an effort to What if we sample and there still appears to be dust present where we sampled? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔You could use another wipe and put it in the same tube, but it is not required We wipe a window sill that is 2"x20". The lab finds 60 ug for lead in the wipe we sent them. How many ug/ft^2 was on the sill that we wiped? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔216 ug/ft^ What laboratory method is used to analyze wipe samples? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Atomic absorption spectrometry What accreditation must the lab have? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔NLLAP (National Lead Laboratory Accreditation Program) According to HUD guidelines, how often should we provide the lab with spiked samples or blanks? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Every home you sample Where should we take soil samples? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔In areas of bare soil
How many and how should we space soil sub-samples? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Collect 3-10 soil cores for one composite soil sample and space them evenly How deep do we typically sample in the soil? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Top 5/8th inch What if there are paint chips present where we collect the soil sample? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Include in the sample What if here are leaves, sticks, and other such materials present when we sample the soil during a risk assessment? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Exclude from the sample What is considered "bare" soil according to HUD Guidelines? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔9ft^2 area except for children's play area, in which case it is any area of bare soil What are the main factors when procuring a water sample? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Sample from where it's used for drinking, let sit in pipes for 6 hours before sampling, make sure it is cold water that you are sampling What is the maximum fine for first time offense under Ohio Revised Code? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔$ What state agency in Ohio regulates lead work in child-occupied facilities? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Ohio Department of Health
What are examples of interim controls? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Cleaning, repainting, education What should we recommend if we allow for encapsulation or enclosure as an option for controlling a lead hazard? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Annual monitoring What should we recommend if we allow an interim control, such as painting, as an option for controlling a lead hazard? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Continuous monitoring What are the three approaches to performing a risk assessment of a multi-family complex? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Worst case, random, and targeted How do we sample dust in community centers? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔First 300 sqft gets 1 sample, 2000 sqft gets 2 samples, and 1 additional sample for each 2000 sqft increment What certification is needed to perform clearance testing after abatement? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Lead inspector or risk assessor What is the visual inspection that is performed during clearance activities? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Determine whether abatement strategies were successfully completed, and if there is any visible dust, debris, and paint chips present
How much deteriorated paint or dust is permitted when lead dust sampling is performed for a clearance? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔None Why should the abatement contractor be present when clearance is performed? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Transparency How does a risk assessment differ from an EBL investigation? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A risk assessment focuses on LBP hazards in the facility being investigated whereas EBL investigations focus on all sources of LBP hazards If there is deteriorated paint that is known not to be lead-based paint above 1 mg/cm^2, what should we recommend? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔We should recommend that the paint be repaired since some amount of lead could be present What is the issue with using vacuum samples? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔We have no standard with which to compare the results of our sample Convert 400 ppm into percentage by weight - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔0.04% by weight Convert 5000 ppm into percentage by weight - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔0.5% by weight What kind of lead was used in residential paint? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔White lead
Define encapsulation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Coating designed to seal the lead not to breathe and is elastomeric, has to be on ODH list of approved encapsulants Define removal - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Strip the paint How did Title X affect OSHA? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔It required OSHA to issue a lead standard for the construction industry What is OSHA's action level for lead? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ 30 mg/m^ What is OSHA's Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for lead? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔50 mg/m^ How does the floor plan serve our inspection plan? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔It shows where we tested What is a room equivalent? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A specific area of a dwelling that is distinguished from other areas What is the building component type? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Floor, wall, ceiling, floorboards, etc What is the substrate? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A type of building component such as drywall, wood, plaster
What is the testing combination? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Combination of building component, substrate, and paint List the six substrates HUD recommends we use - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Wood, drywall, plaster, metal, brick, concrete How many walls do we test in each room? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔All 4 walls When would we test more than one door in the same room equivalent?
- CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔When the doors are differently painted/glazed What type of XRF is currently used in our industry? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Spectrum analyzer What are the two radioactive sources used in XRFs and what is the half-life of each? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Cobalt-57 isotope ( months) and cadmium-109 (15 months) What is a dosimeter? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a device used to measure an absorbed dose of ionizing radiation. How often do we check the calibration of an XRF? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Before inspection, every 4 hours during the inspection, after inspection
Why is it important that we test on layers of paint? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔So that you can get a more accurate measurement of the lead in all the layers When is the inclusion of substrate in the sample not permitted? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔When you are measuring by percentage by weight Why do we say the laws and regulations impose strict liability on people? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Because whether you know it exists or not, you still have to follow it What are the two critical assumptions when treating an apartment complex as the same for multi-family housing when testing for lead- based paint? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Common construction (built at the same time) and painting history (maintenance by 1 company) What is targeted sampling? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Selects dwellings that are most likely to contain lead-based paint hazards to represent the other dwellings What is worst-case sampling? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Requires risk assessor to conduct a walkthrough survey of all dwellings in a housing development in order to select the highest risk dwellings What is random sampling? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔If the owner requires a statistically significant degree of confidence about the existence of LBP hazards or if no information on the housing characteristics, maintenance, and management can be obtained, random sampling should be used
For buildings built before 1960, what percentage of units should you test if there are more than 1040 total units? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔5.8% of units, rounded up to the nearest unit When sampling low-rise buildings (4 stories or less), the risk assessor should collect dust wipe samples from - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the entry area floor, one from the floor of the first story landing of a common hallway or stairway, one from the stair treads, one from the stair landing In high rise buildings, the risk assessor should also collect - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔One from floor areas, one from window troughs from the corridor of every 4th floor, one from the stair treads, one from the stair landing How many dust wipe samples should be taken for childcare facilities in multi-family complexes? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔2 floors, 1 window sill, 1 window trough for spaces up to 2000 sqft, then 1 additional floor sample and 1 additional window sill/trough sample for each additional increment of 2000 sqft In management office, 1 dust wipe sample should be taken from the resident waiting area or 2 if the area is more than 400 sqft Where should encapsulants not be used? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Friction and impact surfaces What lead hazard control practices are prohibited by HUD? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Open-flame burning or torching Machine sanding or grinding w/o HEPA vacuum exhaust equipment
What is the blood lead level requiring medical removal protection for OSHA? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔50 ug/dL What is the RCRA hazardous waste leaching limit of lead? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔5 ppm Why was lead used in paint? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔As a pigment, to add durability and corrosion control, and as a drying agent. What kind of water is most corrosive towards lead pipes? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Water that is acidic, hot, and "soft" (low in dissolved solids such as silicates, carbonates, sulfates, chlorides, and others) What is the first step in treating lead poisoning? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Remove the person from further exposure What is the standard for lead-free pipes? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Solders and flux may not contain more than 0.2% lead and pipes, pipe fittings, and well pumps may not contain more than 8% lead How often should you conduct leak testing on an XRF? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A wipe test to check for leakage of radioactive material should be taken every 6 months Who regulates the transportation of radioactive materials? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔USDOT
What do you test when conducting a LBP inspection? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔In each room: all 4 walls, 1 door and 1 door casing, 1 window sill, 1 window sash, 1 window casing, 1 baseboard, 1 crown molding, floor, ceiling The inspector must test a surface that is representative of each type of painted, stained, shellacked, or varnished testing combination in every room What is the "A" side of the building when drawing a floorplan? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The side facing the street What do you do if a surface cannot be tested with an XRF? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A paint sample must be submitted for laboratory analysis or the surface must be assumed positive For buildings built after 1960, what percentage of units should you test if there are more than 1000 total units? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔2.9% rounded up to the next whole number How many components of a given type must be tested in a multi- family complex? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔At least 40 components of a given type must be tested to obtain the desired level of confidence in the results throughout the multifamily housing development According to HUD guidelines, how can a client evaluate the quality of a LBP inspection? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Direct observation, on- site results, repeated testing, time-and-motion analysis If retesting is used to verify the quality of an inspection, the same XRF instrument should be used and the difference between the two results should be less than the retest tolerance limit to pass
