Occupational Therapy Principles and Practices, Exams of Occupational therapy

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OTA Occupational Therapy Assistant NBCOT

Exam Quiz Study Guide with Answers 100%

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David Mungai [Date] [Course title]

OTA Occupational Therapy Assistant

NBCOT Exam Quiz Study Guide with

Answers 100% Pass | Graded A+

1/2 years? - Answer>> Unbuttons large buttons Assists in putting on socks According to the OT code of ethics what is defined as fidelity? - Answer>> Treat colleagues and other professionals with respect fairness and integrity A 15 year-old with arthrogryposis undergoes serial casting of the right wrist with weekly cast changes. After four weeks upon cast removal the therapist notes both a small open area 1/4cm. by 1/4cm. and a red rash over the ulnar styloid. The therapist's best response is to? - Answer>> refer the individual to the physician to dx the Finding According to Mosey what are the major types of activity groups? - Answer>> Evaluation group Thematic group Topical group Task-oriented group Developmental group Instrumental group According to the OT code of ethics what is defined as autonomy?

• Answer>> Respect patient rights including confidentiality According to the OT code of ethics what is defined as beneficence? - Answer>> Concern for the safety and well-being of the recipients of OT services

At what Ranchos level is an individual ready for vocational and/or driving training? - Answer>> Level VIII At what Ranchos level is a patient independent in self care but continues to need supervision because of safety awareness and judgment? - Answer>> Level VII At what Ranchos Los Amigos level do individuals begin to begin to remember events before the accident better than their daily routine? - Answer>> Level V. At this level patients also confabulate in order to fill in gaps in memory At what Ranchos Los Amigos level do individuals begin to engage in simple routine activities such as self feeding and dressing? - Answer>> Level IV At what Ranchos Los Amigos level do individuals begin to follow simple directions like "Squeeze my hand? - Answer>> Level III At what Ranchos Los Amigos level do individuals begin to recognize family and friends? - Answer>> Level III At what SCI level can a person use a universal cuff? - Answer>> C Brachial Plexus injury? - Answer>> Weakness in arm diminished reflexes corresponding sensory deficits By what age does an infant sit erect and unsupported for several minutes? - Answer>> By 8 to 9 months an infant can sit erect and unsupported.

Can OT Assistants be activities directors in skilled nursing facilities? - Answer>> Yes and they can also supervise OT aids Can someone with receptive aphasia participate in sensory testing? - Answer>> Individuals with this disorder cannot comprehend spoken or written words or symbols. Individuals cannot understand verbal directions or respond to sensory stimuli. A five year-old with moderate spastic cerebral palsy works on ambulation with a walker in physical therapy. The OT evaluation reveals problems in lower extremity dressing transitional skills self-feeding and grasp and release skills. To facilitate the child's goal of ambulation the occupational therapist elects to work on: - Answer>> -donning and doffing shoes and socks in bench sitting with one leg externally rotated and placed on the opposite knee: encourages dynamic trunk balance LE external rotation and dissociation Give examples of IADLs? - Answer>> -Care of pets -Care of others -Child rearing -Communication devices -Financial management -Meal preparation and cleanup How are cold packs most effectively placed? - Answer>> In an elevated position How are eating disorders treated? - Answer>> Activities to promote a reality based body image education and management of nutrition and activities to improve communication skills and self- expression

How do you measure a wheelchair armrest? - Answer>> From the buttocks to the bent elbow, add one inch How do you measure footrest height? - Answer>> -From the bottom of the heel to the popliteal fossa when individual is in 90 degrees of knee flexion -Subtract two inches for floor clearance How do you measure seat depth? - Answer>> From the buttocks to the popliteal fossa (behind the knee) subtract one to two inches How do you treat anesthesia? - Answer>> -Anesthesia is complete loss off sensation -Precautionary techniques -Compensatory techniques How do you treat spinal cord patients with anesthesia? - Answer>> -Pressure relief equipment -Changing position throughout the day using timer -Inspect skin with mirrors How is adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) treated? - Answer>> -Pain management (heat cryotherapy TENS myofascial release) -PROM stretching -Strengthening exercises/activities What are the weight-bearing restrictions for hip arthroplasty? - Answer>> -No weight bearing -Toe touch (10% on the affected and 90% on the unaffected) -Partial weight bearing (50%) -Weight bearing as tolerated -Full weight bearing

How is a wheelchair seat measured? - Answer>> -Across the widest point of the hips of thighs -Add half an inch to one inch on each side How is desensitization done? - Answer>> -Grade stimulus from soft to hard to rough -Grade force of application from touch to: rub->tap->prolonged Ex: -rub: pet cat, fingerpaint, sandcastles -tap: juggle cotton balls, ping pong balls, or tennis balls -prolonged: flour, rice, beans, macaroni -Compensation- Ex: padding objects How is Rett's syndrome treated? - Answer>> Treatment may involve adaptations to maintain the integrity of the skin such as dynamic elbow splints that inhibit a hand to mouth pattern by limiting full elbow flexion How is sensory retraining done? - Answer>> -Sensory Retraining- learn the meaning of new sensation

1. vigorous, generalized cutaneous stimulation (Ex: rub affected area briskly with terrycloth)
   2. cognitive cueing (Ex: OT & pt. discuss stimuli) 3. feedback (Ex: visual feedback) -Compensatory Techniques: visual, thermometers How is the Glasgow Coma Scale interpreted? - Answer>> 3-8: Severe injury (In a coma) 9-12: Moderate injury 13-15: Mild or no injury
   • Answer>> Splint to prevent MCP hyperextension of the ring and small finger How is wheelchair back height

In an activity group of an inpatient unit how should activities be done? - Answer>> On an inpatient unit activities should be structred easily completed in one session and provide a concrete result to reinforce reality In an acute care psychiatric setting which group treatment is the most appropriate for individuals with disorganized psychosis? - Answer>> Directive group treatment: a highly structured approach used in acute care for minimally functional individuals An individual diagnosed with bipolar disorder of the manic type begins an OT activity group. For the first experience in the group setting the therapist should suggest:

• Answer>> A structured project w/ easily-completed steps to increase self-esteem (i.e.: making a leather wrist band w/client's name) An individual functions at level five according to the Allen Cognitive Test. The highest level task that the individual can perform is to: - Answer>> -Carry out a task with three familiar steps and one new step An individual needs step-by-step instruction to perform self care. What Ranchos level are they at? - Answer>> Level V An individual with schizophrenia continues to experience periods of hallucinations after two changes in medications. During the OT project group the individual begins to actively hallucinate. The COTA should? - Answer>> -Redirect attention back to the project and reinforce all misinterpretations of environmental noises and events use a calm tone focus on reality

In infant development which comes first: bilaterality or unilaterality? - Answer>> Bilaterality precedes unilaterality in infant development In mental health planning for discharge involves evaluating what?

• Answer>> Occupational performance integration in the neonatal period? - Answer>> -Tactile, proprioceptive and vestibular input needed for body scheme -Vestibular defines arousal level -Visual system develops as infant responds to faces and items placed 10" from face integration in the six to twelve month period? - Answer>> -Fine motor and motor planning develop due to refinement of tactile and proprioceptive senses -Midline skills and crossing midline -Primitive self-feeding Is a person who is considered a risk to themselves or others eligible for ADA protection? - Answer>> No. The person must be able to perform the job task safely without risk of harming patients Is a shower chair considered a DME? - Answer>> Adaptive equipment is not covered under Medicare as a DME. Items not included are shower chairs, reachers, hand-held showers. Of Broca's and Wernicke's which is expressive and which is receptive aphasia? - Answer>> -Broca's: Expressive Aphasia -Wernicke's: Receptive Aphasia Several adolescents with behavior problems attend an after- school program in a mental health outpatient program. They work

-Perform transfers using mostly LE strength -Don't lean below level of the heart -Don't raise both arms at same time What are components of a biomechanical activity analysis? - Answer>> -What is the activity? -Positioning -Precautions -Steps -Repetition -ROM required -Minimal muscle strength required -Type of contraction -Appropriate for short term or long term goal What are corrective splints? - Answer>> Corrective splints are static splints used to:

• maintain improvement obtained through therapy
• correct soft tissue contractures What are games? - Answer>> - 7-12 years -Rules, competition -Friends become important for validation What are hip precautions for posterolateral hip arthroplasty? - Answer>> -No hip flexion more than 90 -No hip internal rotation -No hip adduction (No crossing legs or feet) What are IADLs? - Answer>> Activities that are oriented toward interacting w/the environment and that are generally optional

What are intention tremors? - Answer>> Occurs during voluntary movement. Intensified at the termination of the movement and often associated with MS. What are intervention strategies for aphasia? - Answer>> - Decrease external auditory stimuli -Give individual increase response time -Use concise sentences -Use visual cues and gestures What are intervention strategies for body neglect? - Answer>> - provide bilateral activities -guide the affected side through the activity -increase sensory stimulation to the affected side What are intervention strategies for ideational apraxia? - Answer>> Provide step-by-step instructions and hand over hand guiding What are intervention strategies for perseveration? - Answer>> Bring the perseveration to a conscious level and train the person to inhibit the behavior What are intervention strategies for sequencing and organization deficits? - Answer>> -Use external cues such as written directions and daily planners -Use graded tasks that increase in complexity in terms of number of steps required What are intervention strategies for spatial neglect? - Answer>> -Provide graded scanning activities -Use external cues such as colored markers and written directions

range to soft tissue through static positioning to increase ROM and correct contractures What are supportive splints? - Answer>> Supportive splints are static splints used to:

• relieve pain
• position and maintain join alignment
• prevent adaptive shortening of soft tissues What are symptoms of Rett's syndrome? - Answer>> Characterized by repetitive movements of licking, biting, and slapping of one's hands What are the 4 basic steps of program development? - Answer>> -Needs assessment -Program planning -Program implementation -Program evaluation What are the behavioral characteristics of damage to the hypothalamus? - Answer>> The hypothalamus regulates bodily functions such as thirst hunger body temperature emotion and circadian rhythm. Damage can result in: -Uncontrolled eating or drinking -Mood alteration -Sleep disorder What are the behavioral characteristics of damage to the limbic system? - Answer>> Plays integral part in the expression of emotion. Damage can affect: -Emotional behavior

What are the behavioral characteristics of damage to the reticular formation? - Answer>> The reticular formation is in the core of the brainstem. Contains fibers en route to and from the brain. Damage to the reticular activitating system results in: -Sleeping longer periods at a time What are the behavioral charcteristics of damage to the cerebellum? - Answer>> The cerebellum regulates balance and posture. Damage can cause problems with: -Fine motor control -Coordination What are the behavioral charcteristics of damage to the thalamus? - Answer>> -Communications relay station for all sensory information -Damage can alter states of arousal memory defect speech deficits apathy and disorientation What are the brain behavioral characteristics of damage to the frontal lobe? - Answer>> The frontal lobes order information and sort out stimuli. Damage to the frontal lobe affects: -Concentration and attention -Abstract thinking -Concept formation -Foresight -Problem solving -Broca's Aphasia

-Depressed -Symptoms not severe What are the characteristics of paranoid personality disorder? - Answer>> -Feelings of being threatened or persecuted -Indiv is withdrawn suspicious -Have dillusions/hallucinations What are the charateristics of individuals with oppositional defiant disorder? - Answer>> Impulse contral attention span and short- term Memory What are the classic signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis? - Answer>> Diffused pain -In cases of advanced OA pain may be severe enough to wake individual -Synovial inflammation -Capsular distention places pressure on nerve endings -Muscle spasms around affected joint -Pain and tenderness in peri-articular structures -Mild to mod joint stiffness What are the clinical signs of a highlevel median nerve injury? - Answer>> -Loss of wrist flexion -Loss of thumb flexion palmar abduction and opposition -Loss of active pronation What are the clinical signs of a high level ulnar nerve lesion? - Answer>> -Hyperextension of the MCP ring and small finger(Bishop's hand) -Absent hypothenar and interossei -Wrist flexion abnormal

What are the clinical signs of a high radial nerve injury? - Answer>> -Wrist drop -Thumb in palmar abduction What are the clinical signs of a low (distal) radial nerve injury? - Answer>> -Occurs at or below level of wrist -Incomplete extension of fingers and thumb MCP -PIP and DIP can be extended What are the clinical signs of a low-level median nerve injury? - Answer>> -Flattened thenar eminence -Loss of thumb flexion palmar abduction and Opposition What are the clinical signs of a low level (posterior interosseus/deep branch of radial nerve)injury? - Answer>> - Wrist extension is normal -Sensation is normal -Posterior interosseus branch of radial nerve innervates only muscles not sensory -Loss of finger and thumb extension What are the clinical signs of a low-level ulnar nerve lesion? - Answer>> -Clawing of the MCP ring and small finger (Bishop's hand) -Flexion of the PIP and DIP of the small finger -Wrist flexion normal What are the common splinting precautions? - Answer>> - Preexisting skin problems