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Trapezius
Origin: occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae & spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: clavicle and scapula (acromion and scapular spine)
Action: elevate, retract, depress, or rotate scapula upward and/or elevate clavicle; extend neck
Rhomboideus Minor
Origin: spinous process of vertebrae C7-T
Insertion: vertebral border of scapula
Action: adducts & performs downward rotation of scapula
Rhomboideus Major
Origin: spinous process of superior thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: vertebral border of scapula from spine to inferior angle
Action: adducts and downward rotation of scapula
Levator Scapulae
Origin: transverse precesses of C1-C vertebrae
Insertion: vertebral border of scapula near superior angle
Action: elevates scapula
Serratus Anterior
Origin: anterior and superior margins of ribs 1-8 or 1- Insertion: anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula
Action: protracts shoulder: rotates scapula so glenoid cavity moves upward rotation
Pectoralis Minor
Origin: anterior surfaces and superior margins of ribs 3-
Insertion: coracoid process of scapula
Action: depresses & protracts shoulder, rotates scapula (glenoid cavity rotates downward), elevates ribs
Supraspinatus
Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: greater tuberacle of humerus
Action: abduction at the shoulder
Infraspinatus
Origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: lateral rotation at shoulder
Deltoid
Origin: clavicle and scapula (acromion and adjacent scapular spine)
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: abducts shoulder, flexion and extension, medial and lateral rotation of humerus
Teres Minor
Origin: lateral border of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: lateral rotation at shoulder
Triceps Brachii (lateral head, long head, medial head)
Origin: (Lateral) Superior, lateral margin of humerus:(Long) Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula;(Medial) Posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove
Insertion: Olecranon of ulna
Action: (Lateral) extension at elbow;(Long) extension at elbow, extension & aduction at shoulder;(Medial) extension at elbow
Brachialis
Origin: anterior, distal surface of humerus
Insertion: ulnar tuberosity
Action: flexion at elbow
Brachioradialis
Origin: ridge superior to lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: lateral aspect of styloid process of radius
Action: flexion at elbow
Pronator Teres
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus & coronoid process of ulna
Insertion: middle of lateral surface of radius
Action: pronates forearm and hand by medial rotation of radius at radioulnar joints & flexion at elbow
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones
Action: flexion and abduction at wrist
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus; adjacent medial surface of olecranon and anteromedial surface of ulna
Insertion: pisiform bone, hamate bone, and base of 5th metacarpal bone
Action: flexion and adduction at wrist
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus; adjacent dorsal surface of ulna
Insertion: base of 5th metacarpal bone
Action: extension and adduction at wrist
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: base of 3rd metacarpal bone
Action: extension and abduction at wrist
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion: base of 2nd metacarpal bone
Action: extension an abduction at wrist
Supinator
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus and ridge near radial notch of ulna
Insertion: anterolateral surface of radius distal to the radial tuberosity
Action: supinates forearm and hand by lateral rotation of radius at radioulnar joints
