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An experiment for observing and recording physical properties of various substances, focusing on density, solubility, and boiling point. Students will determine the density of di water and an unknown salt solution, observe solubility of various solids and liquids, and measure boiling points of known and unknown liquids.
Typology: Lab Reports
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Purpose: To observe and record some common physical properties. Background: Physical properties can tell us a lot about an unknown chemical. In this experiment you will look at three physical properties: density, solubility and boiling point. The density of a substance is the ratio of the mass of the substance to its given volume. The density of both solid and liquid is given in units of g/mL. To determine the density of any substance it is necessary to find both the mass and the volume of a given sample. The formula for density is given below. Density = mass / volume or d = m/v Solubility is a measure of how well one substance dissolves in another substance. The general rule of solubility is “like will dissolve like” which means polar substances tend to dissolve in polar substance and non-polar substance tend to dissolve in non-polar substances. The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which the liquid substance changes to vapor. The normal boiling point of a liquid is determined at 1 atm of pressure. Materials: Apparatus: 10 mL graduated cylinder Six small test tubes Test tube rack 250 mL beaker Bunsen Burner Utility and Thermometer clamps Two 15 x 150 mm test tubes Two capillary tubes Ring stand Stirring rod Rubber Bands Chemicals: D.I. water Salt solution Sodium chloride Calcium carbonate Unknown solid Ethanol Soybean oil
Unknown liquid Procedure: Part A: Density
Pre-lab Questions:
Data Table: Part A: D.I. Water Unknown Salt Solution Determination # Unknown Salt Solution Determination # Weight of dry Cylinder Volume of liquid Weight of cylinder and liquid Weight of liquid Density of liquid Number of unknown salt solution: Average density of unknown salt solution: Part B: Solubility of Observation Soluble or Insoluble NaCl CaCO 3 Unknown solid (# ______) Ethanol Soybean Oil Unknown liquid (# ______) Part C: Boiling point of ethanol: ____________ Unknown Number: ________ Boiling point of Unknown: __________