Docsity
Docsity

Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity


Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan


Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips

Physical Properties Experiment: Density, Solubility, and Boiling Point - Prof. Juergen W. , Lab Reports of Chemistry

An experiment for observing and recording physical properties of various substances, focusing on density, solubility, and boiling point. Students will determine the density of di water and an unknown salt solution, observe solubility of various solids and liquids, and measure boiling points of known and unknown liquids.

Typology: Lab Reports

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 08/19/2009

koofers-user-rt5
koofers-user-rt5 🇺🇸

10 documents

1 / 6

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
CHM 2045L
Physical Properties
Purpose: To observe and record some common physical properties.
Background: Physical properties can tell us a lot about an unknown chemical. In this
experiment you will look at three physical properties: density, solubility and boiling
point.
The density of a substance is the ratio of the mass of the substance to its given
volume. The density of both solid and liquid is given in units of g/mL. To determine the
density of any substance it is necessary to find both the mass and the volume of a given
sample. The formula for density is given below.
Density = mass / volume or d = m/v
Solubility is a measure of how well one substance dissolves in another substance.
The general rule of solubility is “like will dissolve like” which means polar substances
tend to dissolve in polar substance and non-polar substance tend to dissolve in non-polar
substances.
The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which the liquid substance
changes to vapor. The normal boiling point of a liquid is determined at 1 atm of pressure.
Materials:
Apparatus:
10 mL graduated cylinder
Six small test tubes
Test tube rack
250 mL beaker
Bunsen Burner
Utility and Thermometer clamps
Two 15 x 150 mm test tubes
Two capillary tubes
Ring stand
Stirring rod
Rubber Bands
Chemicals:
D.I. water
Salt solution
Sodium chloride
Calcium carbonate
Unknown solid
Ethanol
Soybean oil
1
pf3
pf4
pf5

Partial preview of the text

Download Physical Properties Experiment: Density, Solubility, and Boiling Point - Prof. Juergen W. and more Lab Reports Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity!

CHM 2045L

Physical Properties

Purpose: To observe and record some common physical properties. Background: Physical properties can tell us a lot about an unknown chemical. In this experiment you will look at three physical properties: density, solubility and boiling point. The density of a substance is the ratio of the mass of the substance to its given volume. The density of both solid and liquid is given in units of g/mL. To determine the density of any substance it is necessary to find both the mass and the volume of a given sample. The formula for density is given below. Density = mass / volume or d = m/v Solubility is a measure of how well one substance dissolves in another substance. The general rule of solubility is “like will dissolve like” which means polar substances tend to dissolve in polar substance and non-polar substance tend to dissolve in non-polar substances. The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which the liquid substance changes to vapor. The normal boiling point of a liquid is determined at 1 atm of pressure. Materials: Apparatus: 10 mL graduated cylinder Six small test tubes Test tube rack 250 mL beaker Bunsen Burner Utility and Thermometer clamps Two 15 x 150 mm test tubes Two capillary tubes Ring stand Stirring rod Rubber Bands Chemicals: D.I. water Salt solution Sodium chloride Calcium carbonate Unknown solid Ethanol Soybean oil

Unknown liquid Procedure: Part A: Density

  1. Determine the density of D.I. water a. Weigh a dry 10 mL graduated cylinder b. Add between 8-9 mL of DI water to the graduated cylinder c. Reweigh the graduated cylinder with the water d. Calculate the density it should be very close to 1.00g/mL
  2. Determine the density of an unknown salt solution a. Obtain around 25 mL of an unknown salt solution b. Record the letter of the salt solution you have c. Rinse the 10 mL graduated cylinder with 2-3 mL of salt solution d. Discard the rinsing solution e. Fill the graduated cylinder with between 4-5 mL of salt solution f. Reweigh the graduated cylinder with the salt solution g. Calculate the density of your salt solution h. Add 3-4 mL more of the salt solution to the graduated cylinder, for a total volume of about 7-9 mL i. Reweigh the graduated cylinder with the salt solution j. Calculate the density of your salt solution k. Record your two density determinations and then take an average of your two determinations. l. Unknown salt solution can be put down the drain Part B: Solubility
  3. Determining the solubility of known solids a. Obtain two test tubes b. Place 2 ml of DI water in each c. Weigh out 0.2 g of NaCl and add it to one of the two test tubes d. Shake, observe and record your results e. Weight out 0.2 g of CaCO 3 and add it to the other test tube f. Shake, observe and record your results g. Waste from each of the above can go down the drain
  4. Determining the solubility of an unknown solid a. Obtain a unknown solid b. Record the letter of the unknown solid c. Place 2 mL of DI water in a test tube d. Weigh out 0.2 g of unknown solid and add it to the test tube e. Shake, observe and record your results f. Waste from the unknown can go down the drain
  5. Determining the solubility of known liquids a. Obtain two test tubes b. Place 2 ml of DI water in each c. Measure out 1 mL of ethanol and add it to one of the two test tubes

Pre-lab Questions:

  1. Define each of the following: a. Density: b. Solubility: c. Boiling point:
  2. Determine the density of a 14.765g object that when place in 25.00mL of water rises the level of the water to 27.65ml.
  3. Briefly describe how you could easily calibrate a thermometer at 0oC and100oC.

Data Table: Part A: D.I. Water Unknown Salt Solution Determination # Unknown Salt Solution Determination # Weight of dry Cylinder Volume of liquid Weight of cylinder and liquid Weight of liquid Density of liquid Number of unknown salt solution: Average density of unknown salt solution: Part B: Solubility of Observation Soluble or Insoluble NaCl CaCO 3 Unknown solid (# ______) Ethanol Soybean Oil Unknown liquid (# ______) Part C: Boiling point of ethanol: ____________ Unknown Number: ________ Boiling point of Unknown: __________