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A laboratory investigation adapted from Daubert's Optics 6 textbook, focusing on observing and understanding light refraction through various materials. Students are guided to measure angles, analyze data, and apply Snell's law to predict and test refraction phenomena. Topics include incident and refracted angles, indices of refraction, and total internal reflection.
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1 2. Reason and Explain Explain why an asphalt or concrete road sometimes looks wet on a hot day ( hint: think about the air ). 1 3. Total Internal Reflection While scuba diving, Will shines a laser pointer from beneath the surface of the water (n=1.33) up towards the air (n=1) a. If Will shines the laser pointer at an angle of 20° with respect to the normal, what angle should the light enter the air at? Be sure to include a picture of the situation along with your mathematical reasoning. b. If Will shines the laser pointer at an angle of 70° with respect to the normal, what angle should the light enter the air at? Be sure to include a picture of the situation along with your mathematical reasoning. (were you unsuccessful in finding the angle? what happened? what do you think this could mean?)
14. Practice a. Allison sees a coin at the bottom of her swimming pool at an angle of 40 degrees to the normal and she dives in to retrieve it. However, Allison doesn’t like to open her eyes in the water so she must rely on her initial observation of the coin made in the air. At what angle does the light from the coin travel as it moves toward the surface? (nwater = 1.33) b. Here’s an interesting trick to try. Place a penny in the bottom of a cup and stand so that the penny is just out of sight as shown. Then pour water into the cup. Without moving, you will suddenly see the penny magically appear. If you look into the cup at an angle of 70 degrees to the normal, at what angle to the normal must the penny be located in order for it to appear in the bottom of the cup when the cup is filled with water? c. Rohit makes his girlfriend a romantic candlelight dinner and tops it off with a dessert of gelatin filled with blueberries. If a blueberry that appear at an angle of 44 degrees to the normal in air is really located at 30 degrees to the normal in the gelatin, what is the index of refraction of the gelatin? d. A jeweler must decide whether the stone in Mrs. Smigelski’s rig is a real diamond or a less-precious zircon. He measures the critical angle of the gem and finds that it is 31.3 degrees. Is the stone really a diamond or just a good imitation? (ndiamond = 2.41, nzircon = 1.92) e. Heather is snorkeling in Oahu’s Hanauma Bay when she looks up through the water at a palm tree on the shore. If the index of refraction of the water is 1.33 and Heather sees the palm tree at an angle of 45 degrees, at what angle is the palm tree really located with respect to the normal? f. In her bedroom, Mia has a fiber optic light that glows as hundreds of fiber optic cables are lit from below. A) If each fiber optic cable has an index of refraction of 1.48, at what critical angle must light enter the cable in order for total internal reflection to occur? B) Explain why total internal reflection is important to a fiber optic lamp.