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NYSTCE 211 Exam With 100% Correct Answers 2024/25
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Emergent literacy - Correct Answer-what children do to learn how to read and write, what a child knows about reading and writing before learning, continues early and keeps going. Authentic experiences exposes children to language and it is critical in his stage Cues - Correct Answer-readers use these to construct meaning Semantic cues - Correct Answer-"meaning cues". Help readers understand what language means (symbols, sounds, pictures, word phrases, etc) Syntactic cues - Correct Answer-This helps readers understand structure. Structure cues that help readers understand how words are organized into patterns. Graphophonic Cues - Correct Answer-Letter and sound cues that help readers identify individual letters or patterns or clusters of letters such as root and whole words. Conventions of print - Correct Answer-print cues that enable readers to follow print Pragmatic cues - Correct Answer-Social and cultural functions of language for different purposes. Different language based on who we are speaking to. Strategies for applying cues - Correct Answer-Sampling; reading or listening Predicting; making an educated guess Confirming; using text into to confirm predictions self-correcting; using text info to correct an initial prediction that was proven incorrect Why is an assessment collected? - Correct Answer-To determine how well students are progressing with respect to specific aspect of learning to help students tale ownership of learning to demonstrate the effectiveness of your job Formative assessment - Correct Answer-ongoing and provides immediate feedback to improve both teaching and learning. Authentic based on literacy activities children are engaged in. Informs teachers and learners, identify skills that need review, monitor student progress, guide teacher instruction, demonstrate effectiveness of instruction. What are some types of formative assessments? - Correct Answer-Teacher observations, anecdotal records, conferences and conference notes, checklists, running records and retellings summative assessment examples - Correct Answer-end-of-book tests, end-of-unit tests, standardized tests, district assessments Combination of assessment tools - Correct Answer-improve fairness and effectiveness of classroom literacy assessment, and develop a deep understanding of learners
Independent reading level - Correct Answer-accuracy rate is 95-100%. The students reading is fluent and they can comprehend what they read. instructional reading level - Correct Answer-read and understand books at their instructional level with support from teacher and use of instructional strategies, recognize most words and reading won't always be fluent. Children comprehend what they read. Observations - Correct Answer-Ability to make patterns and relationships without judgement, describe what can be seen. CAP - Correct Answer-Concepts of print Onset - Correct Answer-Consonant before the vowel Rime - Correct Answer-Patterns following onset, beginning with first vowel Consonant digraph - Correct Answer-When two consonants come together to make a brand new sound (ch) Running record - Correct Answer-formative assessment used to determine appropriate level of text difficulty and to record what the child does when reading continuous text. Contains most helpful insights on strategies a child is using to reconstruct meaning and what needs to be taught/learned next. Miscues - Correct Answer-Deviations from the text Questions for semantic cues - Correct Answer-does it make sense? questions of syntactic cues - Correct Answer-does it sound right? does child attempt sound right? Cues for graphophonic cues - Correct Answer-does it look right? Does the Childs attempt visually resemble, in any way, the word in the text? Approximations - Correct Answer-an educated guess based on what the child knows Graphemes - Correct Answer-written/printed representation of sound Phoneme - Correct Answer-smallest unit of sounds Vowel blending - Correct Answer-2 vowels that appear together and represent a blending of the sounds often associated with each letter (pour/toy) vowel digraph - Correct Answer-consists of two vowels that together represent one sound- like the oa in boat that makes the long o sound. Vowel diphthong - Correct Answer-two vowels that produce two sounds that glide into one another (blouse, towel)
Morphology - Correct Answer-units of meaning involved in word formation pragmatics - Correct Answer-proper use of language semantics - Correct Answer-meaning and interpretation of words, signs, and sentence structure phonological awareness - Correct Answer-the ability to reflect on and manipulate the sound structure of a spoken language Precommunicative Stage - Correct Answer-child uses symbols from alphabet but show now knowledge of letter-sound correspondences. Child may also lack knowledge of entire alphabet, distinction between upper and lower case and left to right direction semi phonetic stage - Correct Answer-child begins to understand letter-sound correspondence, sounds are assigned to letters-child often employs rudimentary logic, using single letters to represent words, sounds, syllables phonetic stage - Correct Answer-The child uses a letter or group of letters to represent every speech sound that they hear in a word. Although some of their choices do not conform to conventional English spelling, they are systematic and easily understood. Examples are KOM for come and EN for in. transitional stage - Correct Answer-speller begins to assimilate the conventional alternative for representing sounds, moving from a dependence on phonology for representing words to reliance on visual representation Stages of Language Acquisition - Correct Answer-1. 2 months old, speech-like sounds
Affix- bound morpheme - Correct Answer-occurs before or after a base; prefix, suffix. Derivational affix - Correct Answer-affix that attaches to a morpheme or word to derive a new word; alter the meaning of a word by building on a base (prefix - un to the base healthy, changes the meaning of the word health) (suffix - er to the base garden, changes to meaning to place to person). Inflectional affix - Correct Answer-bound grammatical morpheme that is affixed to a word according to rules of syntax. Examples; s noun plural, 's noun possessive, s verb present tense 3rd person singular, - ing verb, - ed verb simple past tense, - en verb past perfect participle, - er verb adjective comparative, - est adjective superlative Language milestones - Correct Answer-"Checkpoints" 3 months: recognize a parents voice, demonstrate a startle response to loud noises. 6 months: make babbling sounds, pay attention to music, respond to changes in a persons voice 12 months: turn towards sounds, attempt to imitate words, say repeated words. 2 years: imitate sounds of known animals, combine 2 words, speak up to 50 words 3 years: Vocabulary of 450 words, say simple sentences 4 years: Verbal vocabulary of - 1500 words, ask simple questions oral language - Correct Answer-skills needed to properly communicate a spoken language phonological knowledge - Correct Answer-understanding relationships that exist among and between sounds in language phonics - Correct Answer-sounds that letters make and the letters that are used to represent sounds. Sounding out every sound or syllable of a word in order to read it.