Download NYS Pesticide Technician Prep: Pest Control Principles & Practices and more Exams Pest Management in PDF only on Docsity!
NYS Pesticide Technician Prep Latest
Update Graded A+
Pest ✔✔ANY living thing that has an undesirable impact on something that is important to us
Pesticide ✔✔any substance or mixture of substances used to kill pests or to prevent/reduce the damage pests cause
IPM ✔✔an approach to pest management in which we combine all available necessary techniques into a unified program with the goal of managing pest populations in a way that avoids pest damage and minimizes adverse effects
Pesticide Use ✔✔the application of the pesticide AND the transport and storage of a pesticide after the manufacturer's seal has been broken; also cleaning pesticide equipment, disposal of pesticides and their containers
Site ✔✔The particular entity to which a pesticide is or could be applied i.e, a pesticide applied in the backyard: site might be 'turf' whereas 'backyard' would be location
Label ✔✔The information about the product and its use that is printed on or attached to the pesticide container at the time of purchase
Labeling ✔✔Gives you instructions on how to use the product legally and correctly. Includes the label itself plus all other information: referenced on the label, received from the manufacturer about the product when you buy it, approved by regulatory agencies regarding the use of the products
Labeled ✔✔the use that is listed on and allowed by the pesticide product label. I.e, if a pesticide label states it can be used on particular vegetables such as tomatoes, the pesticide is labelled for use on tomatoes. Can also be used to describe a container which holds a pesticide
Pesticide Product v Pest Control Device ✔✔a device is any mechanical instrument (sans firearm) intended for trapping, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest where as a pesticide product is a substance or mixture of substances. Pesticide regulations do not pertain to pest control devices unless packaged with a substance
Reasons to follow directions on the label / labeling ✔✔provides the information you need to use the product as effectively and safely as possible. Includes name of the product and ingredients that control the pest; who makes or distributes product; restriction as to who can purchase or use;
Mode of action ✔✔the way a pesticide acts on a pest
Residual vs nonresidual insecticides ✔✔Residual provide control for hours, days, weeks ,or even longer after application. Nonresidual are effective only at the time of application / a short time afterwards
Contact, stomach poison, and systemic insecticide ✔✔Contact kills insects that come into contact with it. Stomach poison is effective only if eaten. Systemic is special type of stomach poison that is absorbed by plant
Contact and systemic herbicide ✔✔contact kills plant tissue in the immediate vicinity of where it was absorbed. Used on annuals/biennial weeds. Systemic will kill established perennials b/c it is absorbed at the point of contact and spreads through plant
Selective and nonselective herbicide ✔✔Selective kills some plants but cause little injury to others. Most selectives kill broadleaves plants or grasses. Nonselective kill any plant.
Protectant and systemic fungicide ✔✔Protectants prevent fungi from infecting a plant and must be applied before disease starts. Systemic enter and move inside a plant, often used if protectant isn't applied in time.
Acute and multi-dose anticoagulant rodenticide ✔✔Acute will kill rodent in a single feeding, multi-dose takes several feedings.
Pesticide-impregnated materials ✔✔When pesticides are incorporated into other products to protects those products or make pesticide more effective (treated seeds)
Where on a pesticide label might you find what type of pesticide a product is? ✔✔Either prominently displayed on the product label, or in General information or Direction for use label.
General characteristics that make a pesticide product usable ✔✔-reasonably easy and safe to handle
-able to be applied so it reaches pest
-chemically stable
Active ingredient, inert ingredient, formulation ✔✔active is the substance that actually controls a pest, inert ingredients make the product usable. active + inert = formulation
Numbers + formulations ✔✔-for liquids, the number = lbs of active ingredient per gallon of product
-for dry formulations, number = % active ingredient by weight in the product
Adjuvants ✔✔chemicals that are either premixed in the pesticide or added to the spray tank to improve mixing, application ,or performance (surfactants, sticker, extenders, defoaming agent, etc.)
Risk, Toxicity, Exposure ✔✔risk = potential to cause you harm
toxicity = measure of ability to cause harm
exposure = when you get a pesticide in or on your body
RISK = TOXICITY x EXPOSURE
Acute v Chronic pesticide exposure ✔✔acute = exposure to a single dose
chronic = exposed over a long period of time
Four routes pesticides may enter the body ✔✔Dermal exposure (skin)
Eye exposure
Inhalation
Swallowed (oral exposure)
where on the label might you find hazards associated with each route of entry ✔✔"Precautionary Statements" portion of pesticide label
Pesticide poisoning vs injury vs allergic effects ✔✔Poisoning: when a P makes you ill or has an adverse effect on some bodily system
Injury: when a P directly damages tissue
Allergic Effect: such as hives or itchy eyes
Contact and Systemic effects of pesticide exposure ✔✔-contact appear right away where exposure occurred on the body
-systemic arise at sites other than where exposure occurred on the body
Acute vs Delayed vs chronic effects (exposure) ✔✔Acute = occurs within 24 hours after acute exposure
Delayed = occurs a day or more after acute or chronic exposure and are called chronic effects
Signal Words ✔✔Danger or Danger/Poison (highly toxic)
Warning (moderately toxic)
Caution (slightly toxic)
Cholinesterase monitoring ✔✔- a method to test how much exposure an applicant had with Organophosphate and carbanate insecticides
-need a baseline measurement for reference
PPE ✔✔Personal protective equipment
-clothes made of cotton, leather, or canvas are not chemically resistant
-Penetration = when P leaks through material
-Permeation = when P seeps through intact PPE
-Degradation = physical breakdown of PPE
*Label will list MINIMUM PPE required under "precautionary statements" or "Agricultural Use Requirements" which pertain only to agricultural workers
Types of Respirators ✔✔Air-supplying = provide clean air from an outside source
Air-purifying = use physical and chemical filters to trap and remove contaminants from surrounding air
Instructions on label for poisoning or expsoure ✔✔"First Aid" or "Statement of Practical Treatment"
Common symptoms associated with insecticide poisoning ✔✔Mild: fatigue, headache, dizziness, blurred vision, sweating, nausea, stomach cramps
Moderate: chest discomfort, inability to walk, weakness, constriction of pupils
Sever: Unconsciousness, muscle twitching, death, breathing difficulty, running nose/drooling
Three ways by which we release pesticides into the environment ✔✔Apply them, spill them, dispose of them
Ways pesticides can be exposed/harm wildlife ✔✔-fish kills can result from water pollution by insecticides
-birds can be killed by ingesting granules or treated seeds
-animal can be harmed by feeding on plants or animals exposed to Pesticides (secondary poisoning)
Solubility
Leaching: downward movement through soil
Areas particularly sensitive to Pesticides ✔✔OUTDOORS
-playgrounds and recreational areas
-grounds of schools, hospitals, or institutions for children/elderly
-habitats of endangered species
-surface waters
-Apiaries, wildlife refugees, parks
-Domestic animal and livestock area
-ornamental plantings, food/feed crops
INDOORS
-where people live, work, shop, or school
-food or feed processing facilities
-domestic or confined animal areas
Point source vs. Non-point source Pollution ✔✔-Point source comes from a specific, identifiable place
-Non-point comes from a widespread area
Factors that affect runoff ✔✔-slope (steeper = more runoff)
-vegetative cover (slows down runoff)
-soil characteristics (sandy v clay)
-temperature(frozen ground cant infiltrate)
-rainfall/irrigation (increases runoff)
Preventing Surface/Groundwater Contamination ✔✔Keep away from wells, select appropriate mix and load sites, keep containment pads for mixing and loading, avoid back-siphoning, avoid overflow, improve application methods, watch weather conditions, select products wisely
Back-siphoning ✔✔The reverse flow of liquids into a fill hose.
3 Ways to prevent
-Use a water tank
-Maintain an air gap
-Install backflow prevention
Pesticide resistance ✔✔-inherited ability of a pest to avoid toxic effect when exposed to a particular pesticide
Agency responsible for administering and enforcing NYS pesticide laws ✔✔NYS Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC)
- products must be registered by the EPA and also the DEC before they can be offered for sale or use in NYS
Restricted-Use Pesticides ✔✔Federal Restrictions, Active Ingredient restricitons, Limited-Use Restrictions, Termiticide Restrictions, Aquatic Restrictions, Label statement Restrictions
Residential, Private, and Commercial Applications ✔✔Residential: general-use pesticides on property personally owned or leased by applicator
Private: application of any pesticide for the purpose of producing an agricultural commodity
Commercial: any application not defined as private or residential
Three Levels of Direction Supervision of pesticide application ✔✔Off-site direct: certified applicator can make contact with person within 30 minutes
On-site direct: certified applicator must be physically present at the site and in voice contact with person being supervised
Direct observation: certified applicator must directly observe person
Requirements for the Use of Pesticides ✔✔-must use in such a manner that will prevent contamination
- must use in accordance with product label and labeling directions
-technician must have in their custody a written copy of the label for each pesticide being used and make it available for inspection upon request of the dEC
-Must have valid certification ID card on their person when applying or selling pesticides
-Must use backflow prevention when adding water from any water source
-Must dispose of pesticides in accordance with the laws and rules and regulations of NYS
Pesticide use on School Grounds ✔✔- schools and day care centers are prohibits (with specific exceptions) from applying pesticides to playgrounds, turf, or athletic or playing fields
Storage Area requirements ✔✔-only contains pesticides, rinsate, wastes, applicaiton/transfer equipment, spill/fire response equipment, NOT PPE
-best to be a separate facility
-prevent unauthorized access
-Temperature and Humidity control (keep temps between 40 and 100 F)
-Ventilation
-Lighting
-hazard class(separate area for flammable)
-Potential for contamination (isolate volatile herbicides)
-do not store liquids above paper or cardboard packages
-keep insecticides with insecticides, etc.
Transporting pesticides ✔✔- use a truck with a physical barrier between cargo area and passenger
- flooring of cargo area should be nonporous
- enclosed cargo boxes can be used for added safety
-don't park a loaded vehicle in full sun or leave overnight in cold weather
*carry a copy of the label and MSDS for each pesticide product being transported
*spill kit, dry-chemical fire extinguisher, soap & water, PPE, cell phone
Proper spill response "4C's" ✔✔Control the spill
Contain the spill
Contact authorities
Clean up the spill
Application Methods ✔✔Band: apply as parallel strips between rows of crops
Basal: directs herbicides to lower portions of brush or small trees to control vegetation
Broadcast: uniform application to entire area/field
Crack-and-Crevice: placement of small amount into cracks and crevices in buildings
Directed-spray: specifically targets the pest to minimize contact with non-targets
Foliar: apply to leafy portion of a plant
Wick/Wiper: release pesticide onto a device that is wiped onto weeds
Soil: apply directly on soil
Soil incorporation: use of tillage, rainfall, or irrigation to move pesticide into soil
Soil injection: apply under pressure beneath the soil surface
Space treatment: apply in an enclosed area
Spot treatment: apply to distinct area
Tree injection: apply under the bark
Sprayer Components ✔✔Tanks, Pumps and Nozzles
Boom sprayers ✔✔Low-Pressure Boom Sprayer: light weight, cheap, cover large areas quickly
High-Pressure Sprayers: long lasting, heavy, penetrate canopy, higher drift
