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NYS EMT STATE EXAM WRITTEN LATEST 2023- 2024
ACTUAL EXAM 250 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |AGRADE
Which of the following arteries is the MOST RELIABLE for detecting an adult's pulse?
- Brachial
- Femoral
- Carotid
- Radial? - ANSWER- Carotid Difficulty sleeping, loss of appetite, and inability to concentrate are all warning signs of:
- Type A personality
- Job burn-out
- Diabetes
- Stress - ANSWER- Stress A special kind of stress encountered by emergency responders that results from exposure to incidents of a critical nature is:
- Pre-incident stress
- Personal stress
- Workplace stress
- Critical incident stress - ANSWER- Critical incident stress Which of the following is a warning sign of stress?
- Isolation
- Loss of appetite
- Problems sleeping
- Anxiety
- All of the above - ANSWER- All of the above During the Initial Assessment, after ensuring adequate respiration, what is the NEST step in caring for a patient?
- Ensure adequate circulation
- Immobilize angulated fractures
- Check for paralysis of the limbs
- Determine level of consciousness - ANSWER- Ensure adequate circulation As you lift a patient into the rear of the ambulance, a reporter recognizes the patient as a state senator. Immediately, the press demands to be told what has happened to the Senator. You should:
- Advise the press that you are unable to comment
- Deny that patient is the Senator
- Tell the press your diagnosis
- Advise the press to contact the Senator's family - ANSWER- Advise the press that you are unable to comment If the patient care protocols have been revised, it is the EMS Provider's responsibility to:
- Continue with your initial assessment - ANSWER- Continue with your initial assessment If a EMT is transporting a patient to the hospital and the patient suddenly stops talking, the next step should be to:
- Consult with an advanced EMS provider
- Repeat the Initial Assessment
- Initiate a priority transport
- Stop the ambulance - ANSWER- Repeat the Initial Assessment The overall purpose of the Initial Assessment is to:
- Identify and correct life threatening problems and set priorities
- Ensure that airway is open and locate breathing problems
- Identify and treat major extremities injuries
- Identify minor problems and provide treatment - ANSWER- Identify and correct life threatening problems and set priorities In what order is the Detailed Physical Exam usually conducted on an adult patient?
- Head, neck, extremities, chest, pelvis, abdomen
- Head, neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, extremities
- Head, neck, abdomen, chest, pelvis, extremities
- Head, chest, abdomen, neck, pelvis, extremities - ANSWER- Head, neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, extremities A driver has crashed into a tree. In what order should you check for the signs of life-threatening problems in this accident victim?
- Pulse, respirations, hemorrhage
- Respirations, hemorrhage, pulse
- Hemorrhage, pulse, respirations
- Respirations, pulse, hemorrhage - ANSWER- Respirations, pulse, hemorrhage If a life-threatening problem is discovered during the Initial Assessment, you should:
- Finish the Initial Assessment and then go back to correct the problem
- Complete both the Initial Assessment and the secondary survey
- Transport the patient to the hospital immediately
- Correct the problem before continuing with the Initial Assessment - ANSWER- Correct the problem before continuing with the Initial Assessment In assessing a pediatric trauma patient's capillary refill time, a normal finding would be a refill time of:
- Greater than 5 seconds
- Less than 2 seconds
- Greater than 2 seconds
- Greater than 4 seconds - ANSWER- Less than 2 seconds All of the following are symptoms EXCEPT:
- Headache
- Weak pulse
- Chest pain
- Nausea - ANSWER- Weak Pulse Which of the following is an example of a sign?
- Cyanosis
Providing care within the scope of practice would be considered behavior in accordance with:
- The sovereign immunity doctrine
- Approved protocols
- Professional Standards
- Institutional Standards - ANSWER- Professional Standards The extent of medical procedures a EMT is authorized to perform is called the:
- Medical release
- Scope of practice/care
- Duty to act
- Physician relationship
- Skill set - ANSWER- Scope of practice/care Which of the following is the EMT's BEST defense in a lawsuit?
- Excellent documentation of patient care
- Current certification
- Knowledge of all legal aspects of emergency care
- Being proficient - ANSWER- Excellent documentation of patient care EMS providers must be certified to perform legally at their level of training. The New York State law that establishes this level is the:
- Good Samaritan Law
- General Municipal Law
- Medical License Law
- Public Health Law - ANSWER- Public Health Law
Public Health Law Article 30, Part 800 covers all Emergency Medical Technicians from liability except for gross negligence The first action taken by the EMS provider at the scene of an emergency should be:
- Triage of all victims
- Completion of the initial scene size-up
- Notification to the electric and gas companies
- Requesting additional ambulances - ANSWER- Completion of the initial scene size-up What is the legal basis for treating a patient whose judgement is impaired because he/she is unconscious, severely ill, or badly injured?
- Applied consent
- Implied consent
- Informed consent
- Good Samaritan Act - ANSWER- Implied consent The main tube which carries air to the lungs is called the:
- trachea
- esophagus
- bronchiole
- alveolus - ANSWER- Trachea All of the following are part of the respiratory system EXCEPT the:
- Alveoli
- Esophagus
- Administer oxygen by a non-rebreather mask
- Suction the patient's pharynx - ANSWER- Treat the patient as a complete airway obstruction patient The signs and symptoms of inadequate breathing are:
- A sudden attack of a dry hacking cough with pain
- Immediate air hunger and mild cyanosis followed by slow and shallow respirations
- Sudden shortness of breath with productive cough producing rusty sputum
Sudden shortness of breath, unequal chest expansion and diminished breath sounds - ANSWER- Sudden shortness of breath, unequal chest expansion and diminished breath sounds The only artery that carries unoxygenated blood away from the heart is called the:
- Coronary arteriole
- Hepatic artery
- Pulmonary artery
- Aorta - ANSWER- Pulmonary artery You arrive at the scene of a call and find an unconscious adult victim. The initial attempt to ventilate proves unsuccessful. The NEXT step should be:
- Deliver 5 abdominal thrusts
- Check carotid pulse
- Reposition the head and attempt to ventilate again
- Reposition the head and perform a finger sweep - ANSWER- Reposition the head and attempt to ventilate again When taking Vital Signs on an unstable patient it is important to take them every:
- 2 - 3 minutes
- 5 minutes
- 10 minutes
- 15 minutes - ANSWER- 5 minutes
Over the right lower rib cage and over the left lower rib cage - ANSWER- Under the right clavicle (white lead) and over the lower left rib cage (red lead) Which of the statements about using an AED is TRUE?
- While the AED is analyzing the patient's rhythm, it is acceptable to be touching the patient or continue performing CPR
- The AED will ask the user to interpret the heart rhythm
- CPR must be stopped for the entire cycle of analysis for the AED to accurately assess the patient's heart rhythm
- First responders should immediately attach an AED to every patient - ANSWER- CPR must be stopped for the entire cycle of analysis for the AED to accurately assess the patient's heart rhythm In which of the following situations can an AED be used?
- A conscious patient experiencing trouble breathing
- A patient in cardiac arrest
- An unconscious child who has a pulse
- A conscious adult having chest pain - ANSWER- A patient in cardiac arrest According to the CPR guidelines, when ventilating a non-breathing child how many times per minute should ventilations be performed?
- 10 to 15
- 10 to 20
- 15 to 20
12 to 20 - ANSWER- 12 to 20 Once every 3-5 seconds According to the CPR guidelines, a child is defined as:
- 1 year to 8 years old
- Birth to 8 years old
- 1 year to puberty
- Birth to puberty - ANSWER- 1 year to puberty When ventilations are being performed on a victim who is suspected of having a spinal injury, the victim's neck should be kept in a:
- Prone position
- Hyperextended position
- Neutral position
- Flexed position - ANSWER- Neutral position The management of airway obstruction in the conscious infant (birth - 1 year) includes:
- Back slaps and chest thrusts
- Back slaps, abdominal thrusts, and chest thrusts
- Abdominal thrusts and chest thrusts
- The cord injury takes precedence over the airway; the patient can be ventilated only if this can be done without moving the cord The airway takes precedence over the cord injury; the airway must be opened regardless of the damage it might do to the cord
- There is no difference in management; in the presence of a cord injury, the airway is still opened in the usual way
- Special techniques must be employed to open the airway without moving the cord
- ANSWER- Special techniques must be employed to open the airway without moving the cord The ratio of compression to ventilations when one or two rescuers apply CPR to an adult is:
- 15:
- 15:
- 30:
- 30:2 - ANSWER- 30: Child and infant one rescuer - 30: Child and infant two rescuer 15: When CPR is being performed on a child, the rate of chest compression is:
- 60/min
- 70/min
- 100/min
- 120/min - ANSWER- 100/min
- Hold the fingers outward and slightly away from the chest wall
- Allow the fingers to curve and conform to the patients chest - ANSWER- Hold the fingers outward and slightly away from the chest wall You are performing two-rescuer CPR on a child. The rescuer who has been ventilating informs you that the patient is now breathing spontaneously. What should you do?
- Continue to provide ventilations and compressions, since you should not stop CPR once you have begun
- Stop compressions and place the child in recovery position
- Keep both hands on the sternum in order to be ready to resume compressions
- Stop the ventilations but continue with the compressions - ANSWER- Stop compressions and place the child in recovery position When performing two-rescuer CPR; how often should the rescuer palpate the carotid artery to check for the return of a spontaneous pulse:
- Every 2 minutes
- Every 5 minutes
- Every 10 cycles
- Every minute - ANSWER- Every 2 minutes Which of the following statements concerning the performance of CPR is CORRECT? Quick jabs and sudden jerking movement should be avoided when compressing the chest
- Quick jabs are effective in providing pulses of blood to the brain
- 70% of the cycle should be compression and 30% of the cycle should be relaxation
- Quick jabs produce jets of blood flow out of the heart and enhance stroke volume
- ANSWER- Quick jabs and sudden jerking movement should be avoided when compressing the chest To perform external cardiac compressions on a four-year-old child, you should use the:
- Tips of the fingers
- Thumbs of both hands
- Heel of one hand
- Heel of your foot - ANSWER- Heel of one hand The area of external cardiac compression on an infant should be:
- At the nipple line
- One finger-width above the nipple line
- One finger-width below the nipple line
- The upper half of the sternum - ANSWER- One finger-width below the nipple line Or 2-Thumb encircling the chest with 2 person CPR Child and adult the area of external compression is center of chest between the nipples
