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Expected velocity: 4.29 μM/s; Measured velocity: 4.40 μM/s Structure, regulation, and energy True or False: Most of the body’s water exists in extracellular fluid compartments (outside of the body cells). F, Most of the body’s water, approximately 2/3, exists inside the cell (intracellular fluid compartments) and only ⅓ of the body’s water is outside the cell (extracellular fluid compartments.) What are three factors that are taken into consideration when establishing the RDA? Check all that apply. Bioavailability, three factors that are taken into consideration when establishing the RDA. For certain nutrients, age, gender, and physiological state (pregnancy, lactation) are also considered. Diet quality, Diet quality, bioavailability, and losses due to food preparation are three factors that are taken into consideration when establishing the RDA. For certain nutrients, age, gender, and physiological state (pregnancy, lactation) are also considered. Losses due to food preparation, Diet quality, bioavailability, and losses due to food preparation are three factors that are taken into consideration when establishing the RDA. For certain nutrients, age, gender, and physiological state (pregnancy, lactation) are also considered. Metabolic waste, such as excess sodium, appears in the __________, whereas food components that are not digested or absorbed, such as fiber, appear in the __________. Urine; stool Urine contains metabolic waste. Metabolic waste consists of substances, such as excess sodium, that the kidneys have filtered out from the cells, blood, and elsewhere, and are excreted in the urine. Stool contains foods that is not digested or absorbed, such as fiber or a paperclip. These items move into the large intestine where the body extracts water and minerals, and prepares the remnants as stool. The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is the amount of a nutrient considered adequate to meet the needs of nearly all _________ people in the population. The RDA _______ a minimum and is not an average need, but instead is a generous value. Healthy; is not True or False: The RDA is designed to be averaged over several days. True. The RDA is designed to be averaged over several days. This means you don’t need to meet the RDA each day; instead, you can average the RDA out over several days.
The food you eat supplies you with the ________ needed for your body to build new cells and renew itself. Nutrients Which of the following statements is true? Males have a greater BMR per unit of body weight because of body composition differences, including more lean body mass, which requires more calories to maintain. BMR can be altered by a number of factors, including age, fasting, and exercise. Which of the following statements about the impact of these factors on BMR are true? Check all that apply. Exercise increases BMR Age decreases BMR Fasting decreases BMR Energy (calories) eaten in excess of calorie needs for a given individual leads to: Weight gain Determine the calorie content of 2 tablespoons of hummus. Given the following: Fat 3 g Carbohydrate 4 g Protein 2 g Let's walk through how to do this calculation in 3 steps. You may want to have a calculator handy. The first step is to identify the physiological fuel values. 9 The physiological fuel value for fat is 9 kcal/g and it’s 4 kcal/g for both carbohydrate and protein. Correct! 4 The physiological fuel value for fat is 9 kcal/g and it’s 4 kcal/g for both carbohydrate and protein. t! 4 `Which of the following is true about the definition of “energy?” Check all that apply. “Energy” can refer to doing physical work
Your body first uses your glycogen stores for energy. When glycogen stores run out, we can make our own glucose from amino acids by breaking down body protein. The resulting nitrogen is excreted in the urine. Nitrogen levels in the urine increase. Arrange the 3 levels of carbohydrates in the order of least to most carbon ring units. Monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide What type of carbohydrate does this pile of fruit represent? Monosaccharide The most common monosaccharide in the body is? Glucose How long do glycogen stores last for a person who is inactive but not eating? The most common monosaccharide found in the body is: 24 to 36 hours Which of the following is true about water-soluble fiber? Check all that apply. Helps slow gastric emptying and keeps you full longer. Helps slow the release of glucose into the bloodstream. Forms a gel when in contact with water. Helps lower blood cholesterol levels. Which of the following is true? Check all that apply. The storage form of carbohydrate in the body is called “glycogen”. Glycogen is stored in the muscle and liver. What are a few take home messages from this carbohydrate unit? Check all that apply. Glycogen is stored in the muscle and liver. During a prolonged fast, our bodies can make carbohydrate, but this will cause a loss in muscle mass. Carbohydrate can be used as an energy source in two ways: anaerobically or aerobically. Carbohydrate can be used as an energy source in two ways: anaerobically or aerobically. Bile is made from __________ and aids in __________. cholesterol/fat digestion If you eat more protein than you need at any given time, in an otherwise adequate diet, the excess amino acids are largely converted to: Fatty acids
Fat is transported through the circulation system to various tissues, such as muscle and adipose tissues, as: Lipoproteins, composed primarily of triglyceride, cholesterol, and protein Essential fats are used to make: Prostaglandins Fats are made up of: Fatty acids and glycerol ___________ is the chemical form in food fat and body fat. Triglyceride What type of fat is in salmon? Check all that apply. Linolenic acid (18:3, omega-3) Polyunsaturated fat What is a lipoprotein? The transport form of fat and cholesterol in the circulation What specific dietary recommendations would you give to someone interested in lowering his or her risk for cardiovascular disease? Check all that apply. Increase water-soluble fiber intake Decrease saturated fat intake Limit alcohol consumption Which of the following is a good food source of monounsaturated fat? Check all that apply. Avocado Peanut oil Olive oil What is the Daily Value for total fat? 65 g What is the Daily Value for cholesterol? 300 mg Is LDL the “good” carrier or the “bad” carrier? The “bad” carrier because it delivers cholesterol to the cells. Which of the following is true about fat? Check all that apply. The current recommendation is to keep saturated fat intake to less than 10% of total calories Saturated fats and trans fats have been shown to raise blood cholesterol The role of LDL is to deliver _________ to the cells.
Monisacxharide
The most common monosaccharide in the body is:
Glucose
The difference between high fructose corn syrup and table sugar is
that high fructose corn syrup is made up of monosaccharides and table
sugar is made up of disaccharides.
True
Which of the following statements about fiber are true? Check all that
apply.
Humans have the enzymes to digest the polysaccharide starch, but not fiber.
What is glycogen? Check all that apply.
Glycogen is a storage form of carbohydrate in muscles and liver. The basic unit of glycogen is glucose Glycogen is a storage form of carbohydrate for animals and human
What type of carbohydrate is plain white pasta?
Poloysaccharide/complex carbohydrate
What type of carbohydrate does this pile of fruit represent?
Disaccharide
What type of carbohydrate does this pile of bread represent?
Polysacchariee\
What type of carbohydrate does this yogurt represent?
Disaccharide
What type of carbohydrate do energy drinks represent?
Monosaccharide
What type of carbohydrate do diet drinks represent?
None
Which organ secretes the majority of digestive enzymes?
Pancreas
What are the end products of carbohydrate digestion?
Monosaccharides
Which of the following is true about lactose intolerance?
Lactose intolerance is the inability to digest the milk sugar, lactose.
Water-insoluble fiber holds _______, bulks up the intestines, and
________ passage of waste
Water, speeds up
What are the benefits of water-insoluble fiber? Check all that apply.
(check all that apply)
Lowers the risk of developing hemorrhoids.
Correct Water-insoluble fiber adds bulk to the stool, easing the passage of waste. This leads to a lower chance of developing hemorrhoids.
Helps relieve constipation.
Correct Water-insoluble fiber adds bulk to the stool easing the passage of waste, which helps prevent constipation.
Lowers the likelihood of developing diverticulitis.
Correct Water-insoluble fiber adds bulk to the stool, easing the passage of waste, leading to a lower chance of developing diverticulitis.
Helps lower the risk of colon cancer.
What are the benefits of water-soluble fiber?
Correct Water-soluble fiber helps slow the emptying of food from the stomach into the intestines, helping you feel full longer.
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Maintains better blood glucose levels.
Missed
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Helps lower blood cholesterol level.
Correct Water-soluble fiber forms a gel, which can bind to some cholesterol, leading to removal of cholesterol from the body in the stool.
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Helps lower the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Correct By helping excrete cholesterol, water-soluble fiber helps lower blood cholesterol levels, leading to lower risk of cardiovascular disease.
Correct Due to poor circulation, eyesight can be lost.
Infection
Correct The blood becomes rich in sugar, leading to a greater chance of infection, including urinary tract infections, ulcers, and sores.
What is the Daily Value for added sugar?
The Daily Value for added sugar is less than (<) 50 g per day. ___________ is the chemical form in food fat and body fat. Triglyceride is the basic unit of fat and is made up of one glycerol backbone with three fatty acids. This is the chemical structure of fat found in foods and in your body. Fats are made up of Fatty acjds and glycerol Saturated fatty acids: Butter: No bends in structure Unsaturated fatty acids: liquid oil If saturated fatty acids predominate in a fat, the fat will Solid at room temperature In an 18:1 fatty acid, the “18” represents the number of __________ and the “1” represents the number of __________. Carbon atoms; double boinds Fats in butter and beef are ____________ in saturated fat, ____________ in polyunsaturated fat, and ____________ in form (choose the best combination of terms for the respective characteristics). high / low/ solid Which of the following fat(s) is/are essential in the diet? Linolenic and linoleic In a given food fat such as flaxseed oil, the triglyceride contains exclusively one type of fatty acid (saturated or unsaturated). False Which of the following are good food sources of linolenic acid (18:3)? Fish fat(salmon,tuna) Whole flaxseeds
Flaxseed oil Walnuts Which of the following are good food sources of linoleic acid (18:2)? Corn oil Sunflower oil Peanut oil Safflower oil
Essential fats are used to make
Prostaglandins
xWhat type of fat is in pistachios, brazil nuts, and cashews?
polysaturated fats linoleic acid
What type of fat is in salmon?
Polysaturated fat Linolenic
What type of fat is in avocados, olives, and olive oil?
Monosaturated fat Oleic acid
Olive oil and olives supply essential fats.
False
Check all that apply: Hydrogenation is a process that makes
unsaturated fats
More solid Contain trans fat More resistant to oxidation
Which of the following foods are sources of trans fat?
Margarine Hygrogenated oil Vegetable shortening
What is the Daily Value for trans fat?
0 grams; there is no set daily value for trans fat
True
Digestive enzymes for protein, carbohydrate, and fat come from the
