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NUTR 331 Midterm Review questions with
answers
nutrition - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ the study of function and interaction of nutrients, and the processes by which the body uses them what makes a nutrient essential - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ required for growth, required for regulation of body processes, required for repair of body tissue greatest component of a chemical analysis of food - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ water an organic compound can be defined as: - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ a substance or molecule containing carbon a nutrient deficiency can be detected in its earliest stages by - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ lab tests of urine and blood samples what is the best method for obtaining diet info for a large nutrition survey? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ food frequency the 6 major classes of nutrients - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ carbohydrates, lipids (fats), protein, vitamins, minerals, and water
T/F a food composition table can be used to determine the amount of iron actually absorbed by the body from a serving of liver consumed - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ False what nutrient source yields more energy than 4 kcalries per gram - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ fats (plant fats specifically) what is an example of a micronutrient - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ iron what is the ADMR for fat - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ 20-35% what is the ADMR for carbs? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ 45-65% what is the ADMR for protein? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ 10-35% what is an example of an anthropometric measurement? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ body weight or height what type of deficiency is caused by inadequate absorption of a nutrient? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ secondary a case-control study is carried out to determine the relationship between diet and colon cancer. the results indicate that subjects with high cholesterol intake have 30% higher risk of cancer. Does this result mean that dietary cholesterol causes colon cancer? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ no not necessarily. it may be a case of guilt by association (the real cause may not be cholesterol but some other food
before publication in a reputable journal, what must the findings of a study undergo? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ a peer review the RDAs for protein, vitamins, and minerals are based on: - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ the needs of most healthy people the RDA for energy is based on: - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ the average requirement the EARs can be appropriately used in: - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ the planning of a school lunch program milk and milk products contribute significant amounts of: - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ calcium Canada's food guide recommends that adults 19-50 years of age have how many servings of milk and alternatives? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ 2 servings a tablespoon of oil is how much larger in volume than a teaspoon? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ 3x an ounce is _______ grams - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ 28 a serving of milk in Canada's food guide is - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ 1 cup or 250ml
what are 3 suggestions for adults in Canada's food guide? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ drink skim, 1% or 2% milk every day; make as least half of your grain products whole grain; eat at least 2 servings of fish per week compared to the RDA, the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) of nutrients is: - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ higher what oil and fats are not recommended by Canada's food guide? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ hard margarine and butter why is it important to have variety in your diet? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ it is important because nutrient content and amounts in food vary and so to make sure you have a balance of those necessary nutrients and to avoid deficiencies or other undesirable conditions one should have a large variety of foods. what are the characteristics of nutrient dense food? give some examples - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ nutrient dense foods have high quantity of one or several essential nutrients with a small quantity of energy; examples: skim milk, low fat yogurt, fish, most fruits and veggies (especially dark green and orange ones) define the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of a nutrient - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ the maximum amount form all sources that appears safe for most healthy people the pyloric sphincter functions to: - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ prevent intestinal contents back flowing into stomach and holds the food in the stomach so it can be liquefied and mixed to form chyme
what type of digestion breaks down nutrients into absorbable units? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ chemical digestion distinguish between mechanical and chemical digestion - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ mechanical is a process that involves the physical breakdown of food through chewing and peristalsis and allows chemical digestion to be able to occur; chemical digestions is facilitated by enzymes and other secreted substances throughout the whole digestive system what is the physical characteristic of chyme and why is it important in the digestive process? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ chyme is a fluid made of chewed food particles and digestive enzymes; it's important to ensure that food going through digestion is in a form that allows chemicals and enzymes to work efficiently and correctly explain importance of hydrochloric acid in the stomach - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ creates ideal acidic conditions for pepsin enzyme to work at breaking down proteins; it also kills most bacteria that enter body through food the 4 methods of assessing nutritional status - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ history (diet history, food diary, 24 hour food recall, food frequency), anthropometric measures (height, weight, etc.), physical examination, lab tests limitations to food composition databases - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ some nutrients aren't included, doesn't calculate how much of the nutrient your body absorbs, mixed dishes vary lots, variations based on origin
3 main monosaccharides - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ glucose, galactose, fructose 3 main dissacharides - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ maltose, lactose, sucrose most dietary carbohydrate is digested in the: - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ small intestine when glycogen is digested it yields: - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ glucose only what monosaccharides make up sucrose? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ glucose + fructose what monosaccharides make up lactose? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ glucose + galactose what monosaccharides make up maltose - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ glucose + glucose what is the primary function of glucose in the body - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ furnish energy what hormone lowers blood glucose? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ insulin
form of glucose storage in plants - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ starch the non-polysaccharide fibre found in plants - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ lignin health effects of viscous fibre: lower _______ and slowing of ______ absorption - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ cholesterol; glucose 4 examples of dietary fibre sources - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ fruit, vegetables, grains, legumes describe chemical process for carbohydrate in bread made from enriched flour, including digestion site(s), enzyme names, and digestion products - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ the major carbohydrate in enriched flour is starch. in the mouth the amylase digests starch into maltose. The start passes unchanged to small intestine. Maltose also passes to small intestine. Amylase breaks remaining starch into maltose and then an enzyme turns maltose into two glucose. what foods contain invisible fats? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ ice cream, cheese, nuts, egg yolks what is the most abundant form of lipid in the body? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ triglycerides what are 3 foods that are free of cholesterol? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ egg whites, margarine, avocados
vegetable oils are liquid because they contain large amounts of: - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ unsaturated fatty acids what is the best source of monounsaturated fatty acids? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ olive oil what fatty acids belong to omega-3 series? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ linolenic acid, EPA, DHA where does digestion of lipids occur? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ almost exclusively in small intestine what does emulsification of dietary lipids do? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ disperses and suspends fat droplets in water solution to prepare for pancreatic juices where do long-chain fatty acids go after absorption? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ they enter directly into lymph and are transported by lymphatic system chylomicrons - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ lipoproteins that carry newly absorbed dietary lipids to the liver what substance contains LDL? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ blood what is the most important function of lipids in the body? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ providing energy
what is the major dietary source for omega-6 fatty acids? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ vegetable oil what are the major dietary sources for omega-3 fatty acids? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ fish and vegetable oil (especially canola oil) micelles - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ spherical complexes that absorb long-chain fatty acids and monoglycerides how could an essential fatty acid deficiency develop? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ when person receives no linoleic or linolenic acids in diet how is the chemical composition of animal fats different from plant fats? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ animal fats: contain large amount of saturated fatty acids, palmitic acid, and stearic acid plant fats: contain unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid, and linoleic acid 8 grams of fat / 2100 cal / what is the percent? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ 8*9 = 72 ; 72/2100 = 3.4% T/F Lecithin is an essential nutrient - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ F T/F Bile is made in liver, stored in gallbladder, and used to disperse and suspend fat in watery solutions for pancreatic lipase to work on - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ T
T/F Low concentrations of LDL in blood lower risk of altherosclerosis - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ T T/F An increased amount of fish oils will lengthen the time needed for blood to clot - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ T contents of protein - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen what happens when a protein is denatured? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ loses its biological activity a non-essential amino acid must be: - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ supplied in the diet how many essential amino acids are required by adults? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ about 9 protein digestion occurs mainly in: - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ the stomach insulin functions in: - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ blood glucose regulation the end product of protein digestion in the stomach is: - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ large and small polypeptides hemoglobin functions in: - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ oxygen transport
which protein source can be used as a reference standard in measuring the quality of other proteins? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ egg whites describe a peptide bond and outline which digestive tract sites break it down - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ a peptide bond is the chemical bond connecting an acid group on one amino acid with the amine group of another. The peptide bond is broken down by enzymes in the stomach and small intestine. T/F on a nutritious diet, children and pregnant women have a positive nitrogen balance - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ T T/F Incomplete proteins will not be absorbed because of lack of one or more EAA - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ F T/F athletes and bodybuilders need protein supplements because they require more protein than can be supplied by ordinary foods - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ F T/F most adult Canadians need to increase their protein intakes - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ F when are ketones produced? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ when there is insufficient glycerol to combine with fatty acids to produce triglycerides the physiological fuel value of a food is: - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ the amount of energy available to the body
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ is measured under a controlled set of conditions what activity is not part of basal metabolism? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ digestion average body weight in women - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ 20-30% the most accurate method of assessing the degree of body fatness is by: - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ skin fold measurement which sex has a typically higher percentage in body fat - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ higher in women than in men which health hazard is not associated with serious underweight? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ hyperlipidemia which effect is not a result of a low-carb diet? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ deficiency of ketone bodies what is the approx daily basal metabolic energy needs of a 50-kg woman? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ 1000-1300 kcal when energy-yielding nutrients are consumed in excess, which one(s) can lead to storage of fat? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ fat, carbs, and proteins
a cup of 2% milk has 12g carbs, 8g protein, 5g lipids. calculate physiological fuel value of milk - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ (412)+(48)+(95)=125kcal a one-cup serving of kidney beans has 343kcal, 14g protein, and 56g carb. what percentage of energy comes from fat? - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ (456)+(414)=280 ; 343-280=63kcal ; (63100)/ =18.4% T/F Ketone bodies are abnormal metabolites produced during fasting - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ F T/F indirect calorimetry of a food involves the measurement of oxygen consumed and CO2 produced by the body - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ F since lean body mass is less dense than fat tissue, a muscular person will be lighter than a person of similar size who has more body fat - CORRECT ANSWERS โโ F
