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A client is seen in an urgent care clinic for a broken leg which was splinted and client sent home. The client called their primary care health care provider to find out what should be done after the injury. The doctor directed the client to the emergency room where an orthopedic surgeon was consulted and performed surgery to place a pin in the leg. What kind of care was provided to this client when care was transferred from the emergency room health care provider to the orthopedic surgeon? A) primary care B) secondary care C) tertiary care D) quaternary care - precise answer B A client has just turned 50 and is persuaded by the spouse to have a complete physical examination. The client makes an appointment with the family doctor to determine their current state of health. What level of care is this client seeking? A) primary care B) secondary care C) tertiary care D) quaternary care - precise answer A A customer purchases a plane ticket and flies overseas to Germany. While in Germany, the individual becomes ill and travels back to the United States to be seen by primary care health care provider. Once seen by the primary health care provider, the client is placed in isolation at a nearby hospital. Which challenge of the health care delivery system correlates with this situation? A) ensuring access to care for all human beings B) providing both preventive and curative services C) responding to actual and future epidemics D) enabling optimal health essential to high quality of life - precise answer C
A 95-year-old client is admitted to the hospital with dehydration secondary to a fall that occurred 3 days prior to admission. The client's adult child found the client on the floor. The client was unable to reach a phone to call for help. At the hospital, health care providers stated that the client was not a candidate for surgery due to the client's age and anticipated quality of life. Which challenge of the health care delivery system correlates with the situation? A) allowing consumer participation in the provision of health care services B) determining the optimal balance between illness treatment and quality of life C) providing both preventive and curative services D) attaining an effective system using governmental support and private resources - precise answer B A 25-year-old adult graduates from college and obtains a job working for a bank that offers a good salary, good hours, and medical and dental benefits. Which type of health care funding model would best describe the medical benefits provided by the employee and employer? A) The national health service model B) The mandated insurance model C) The Medicaid insurance model D) The entrepreneurial insurance model - precise answer D A 45-year-old individual has been transferred to Japan for work and has elected to utilize Japan's national health service model as insurance. Where does the national health service model get funding? A) general tax revenues B) nonprofit insurance funds C) individual purchase D) income tax revenues - precise answer A A worker in Brazil utilizes the mandated health insurance model for health care insurance. When describing the mandated health insurance model to an American friend, the worker will discuss the funding occurs through which revenue source? A) income tax revenues B) nonprofit insurance funds C) individual purchase D) general tax revenues - precise answer B
throughout the shift. What is the most prevalent ethical dilemma this nurse is facing, in light of the responsibility that the nurse needs to undertake? A) safety of all the clients B) enough time to complete responsibilities C) enough help to do a good job D) prioritization of needs based on situation - precise answer A A consumer of health care has just been laid off by their employer, thereby losing health care coverage for themselves and family members. In this situation, which key factor will contribute to this consumer not being able to afford health care? A) Access to care B) Quality to care C) Cost of care D) Continuity of care - precise answer C A client's parent is dying from heart failure and has just been transferred to skilled nursing facility for end-of-life care. What kind of care is the client's parent receiving when receiving care for end-of-life issues? A) primary care B) secondary care C) tertiary care D) quaternary care - precise answer C When reviewing the history of the Civil Rights Movement in a history class, the nursing students identified which positive belief that encouraged the government to become more involved in health care? A) Anesthesia was introduced as a form of pain management following riots. B) Blood transfusions were discovered as a way to treat blood loss. C) Vaccines were proven unsafe and discouraged, especially marching in the Civil Rights Movement. D) Equal health care should become a basic right among all people. - precise answer D Some nurse managers have enrolled in a healthcare financial class at a local college. These nurses were asked to prepare a presentation on healthcare cost. The group decided to divide topics among themselves.
Which topics would be appropriate to include in this presentation? Select all that apply. A) Percentage of rise in health care cost when compared to rate of inflation. B) Impact of limited choice of health care providers willing to see clients with certain healthcare plans. C) Disproportion of health insurance cost from entry level worker making low wages compared to those in upper management. D) Workers with no health insurance ignoring manifestation of disease until it becomes life-threatening. E) Increase use of alternative medical practices rather than seeking care from a health care provider because of cost differences. - precise answer A,C,D While attending a high school career fair, a nurse is asked "Why does no one want to be a nurse anymore?" Which would be the best reply, based on the health care workforce 2015 report? A) "Not true. There are thousands of nurses in the U. S." B) "The shortage relates only to the fact that more people are living longer and have more chronic diseases." C) "Today's nurses don't want to work the usual 40 hour/week." D) "There is not enough people interested in the profession so we attend events like this career fair to encourage you to considered nursing." - precise answer D When asked by a foreign exchange student why health care costs are so high when compared to their small country, the parents of the American student identifies which sources to be responsible for the higher cost of health care? A) American nurses demand higher pay than the nurses in their small country. B) The increased use of highly technical equipment and expensive medications fuels rising costs. C) The internet is utilized by many clients who ultimately demand the most expensive diagnostic tests, meals, and medications. D) Overall, the U. S. just takes better care of their people than most other countries. - precise answer B
choose to go to for care. - precise answer A,B A nurse is taking a class on nursing research. The student is preparing to defend their thesis and thinks about all the contributions that can be made to the nursing profession. Which contribution can a baccalaureate nurse provide to research in the profession of nursing? A) participating in nursing education projects B) suggesting nursing research questions C) using nursing research findings for discussion D) promoting a sense of encouragement for colleagues - precise answer B A nurse has noted what he or she thinks is a "better," more efficient way to perform central-line dressing changes. They are thinking about putting a scientific study together for research. Given this, which is the first step the nurse should take to begin the research process? A) collecting data about how other nurses change central-line dressings B) reviewing the literature on central line dressing changes C) defining variables that can be controlled during the dressing change D) raising questions about how to streamline central-line dressing changes
- precise answer D The common purpose of quantitative and qualitative approaches to research is to gain an understanding. Which category does the researcher, using the quantitative approach, view as necessary to objectively distance himself or herself from subjects? A) view of truth B) view of reality C) view of relationships D) view of nursing - precise answer C A nurse is working on a doctorate degree in nursing. The nurse's employer has recently hired a group of nurses from the Philippines to help with their nursing shortage. This nurse has designed a quantitative research study looking at how foreign-born nurses view their role as "care provider". This is an example of what emphasis on quantitative research nursing practice focuses on? A) demonstrating an empirical, analytical emphasis B) demonstrating a human, science emphasis C) demonstrating an empirical, science emphasis
D) demonstrating a human, analytical emphasis - precise answer A A nurse is working on their thesis as part of their Master's degree requirements. After a long day of research, the nurse shared with their faculty advisor, "I just want to study this topic. Why do I have to read everyone else's' study on this topic?" Which is the best response by the faculty advisor as to the purpose of the initial review of the literature? A) to raise more questions about the topic B) to help the researcher develop a strong knowledge base C) to describe how others define the subject D) to develop preconceived ideas about the topic - precise answer B A nurse is studying the ethical practices of a research project focusing on resilience following spousal abuse. Which principle of research ethics protects the human rights of participants? A) process of approval by IRB B) truth in research reporting C) anonymity of participants D) informed consent signature - precise answer D A nurse is conducting a research study and has some difficulties during the project. Which is a barrier to research utilization in nursing? A) positive beliefs and attitudes toward nursing research by the clinician B) difficulty determining if studies are well designed and scientifically sound C) professional characteristics of clinicians such as openness D) postgraduate education level concentrating on research design. - precise answer B A nursing education department in the hospital supports and encourages clinical research of its nurses. What motivating factors may best facilitate research utilization by the nursing staff? A) change in values related to research by administration B) promotions or salary increases for use of research in practice C) increased time to participate in research utilization activities D) provision of time for nurses to read research reports while off duty - precise answer B A nurse is gathering information from research studies and evidence-based nursing practice on wound healing around colostomy pouches. The nurse has noticed that clients on the unit who utilize a specific product do better
When trying to identify how to write conclusions and implications regarding their research study, a nurse researcher discusses with the mentor the factors involved with the project. Which factor best describes differences related to quantitative and qualitative research findings when writing conclusions for the written thesis? A) The quantitative approach utilizes more statistical analysis than do qualitative studies. B) The quantitative approach utilizes a theoretical approach; the qualitative approach uses development of new nursing knowledge. C) Qualitative studies provide a foundation for future hypothesis testing; quantitative studies do not. D) Qualitative studies have more generalizations than do quantitative studies. - precise answer B A nurse working in the emergency department is designing a research topic related to workplace hazards. Which professional associations/ governmental agencies conducts ongoing studies related to workplace hazards for nurses and may provide a wealth of knowledge for this nurse researcher? A) Oncology Nursing Society B) American Nurses Association C) American Association of Critical Care Nurses D) National Institute for Nursing Research - precise answer B Research utilization model is a term that a nurse was trying to define, but the nurse could not come to grips with what it meant to the profession of nursing. In trying to determine the importance of the concept, the nurse came across a model where a five-phase, critical-thinking and decision- making process assists the individual practitioner in using published research. Which model uses published research? A) Stetler's research utilization model B) Theory of diffusion of innovations C) Iowa model D) Thunder project by AACN - precise answer A A nurse has gone back to school to complete a Master's degree in nursing education and is currently taking a research class. Since the nurse works
on an orthopedic unit, they have an extreme interest in studying music therapy as a way to decrease pain. Which step in the research would be the next item to address? A) Financial cost of hiring a music therapist. B) Identify resources (type of music) available for implementation. C) Perform a literature review to provide general background and see if this topic has been studied. D) Establish tentative hypotheses for the focus of the research. - precise answer C A nurse researcher has developed a hypothesis. Now they are evaluating the type of research design suitable for the study. They basically want to manipulate two specific variables on other variables. In consultation with their faculty advisor, which research design would be best for the proposed research hypothesis? A) a descriptive design B) an experimental design C) an historical design D) ethnographic research - precise answer B A nurse has developed a research study on her clinical unit. They are anxious to get started. However, before they can begin the actual data collection, what step in the research design must occur? A) Obtain approval from the institution and obtain client informed consent. B) Develop a data gathering instrument from scratch ensuring it is specific to the hypothesis. C) Seek counsel with risk management to review any critical incident they anticipate might occur. D) Find someone to collect data from the clients so objectivity can be maintained. - precise answer A A nurse is utilizing Rogers' Diffusion of Innovations theory to study the use of "slick sheet" system to assist nurses in turning immobile clients. The nurse is visiting with their colleagues asking further opinions about trying the "slick sheet" for one month. The nurse is in which stage of the Rogers' theory of Diffusion of Innovations process? A) Stage 1—Knowledge B) Stage 2—Persuasion C) Stage 3—Decision
A) Leininger's sunrise model and theory of culture care diversity and universality B) Purnell's model for cultural competence C) Spector's model of heritage consistency D) Giger and Davidhizar's transcultural assessment model - precise answer C A nurse is working on the unit with a diverse group of colleagues. Although the nurse recognizes that there may be biases regarding different cultures, the nurse makes an attempt to become culturally competent. Which strategy deals with communication ineffectiveness? A) Deal with biases openly to dispel incorrect assumptions. B) Recruit culturally competent nurses to diversify the workforce. C) Promote psychological comfort to colleagues of different cultures. D) Have direct caregivers repeat instructions back to validate understanding. - precise answer D A nurse has been assigned to care for an African American male following their abdominal surgery. When assessing the African American male, the nurse is aware of differences in this population. Which assessment finding would lead the nurse to suspect the client is hemorrhaging into their abdomen? A) Development of petechiae on both arms. B) Skin is ashen or slightly gray in color. C) Inflammation is more detectable by visual means. D) Skin is warm and dry to touch. - precise answer B Which assessment characteristic will the nurse need to know when taking care of an Asian client? A) advanced hair graying B) hair usually silky, black, and curly C) pallor appears as corn color D) areola and genitalia are darker - precise answer D A nurse reviews nursing models specifically related to culturally diverse groups of client populations as a journal study project. This nurse is looking for an organized, systematic approach for assessing culturally diverse clients similar to how they perform physical assessments on their clients. Which model best provides this systematic approach?
A) Leininger's sunrise model and theory of culture care diversity and universality B) Purnell's model for cultural competence C) Spector's model of heritage consistency D) Giger and Davidhizar's transcultural assessment model - precise answer D The nurse is performing a cultural assessment on a client. Which question would a nurse use to obtain data about values orientation? A) Do you speak more than one language? B) What things in life matter the most to you? C) What are your beliefs about health and illness? D) What are your attitudes about food and time? - precise answer B The nurse is performing a cultural assessment on a client. Which question would a nurse use to obtain data about social life? A) How do you spend your free time? B) Who lives in your home with you? C) What support systems do you have outside the home? D) Do you have any rituals or habits that we need to be aware of while you are in the hospital? - precise answer A An Asian American nurse practitioner is working in an urban area with a large percentage of the population being of middle eastern decent. One client has chronic pain from a back injury. In addition to giving medications, this healthcare provider suggests the use of meditation and acupressure. This is an example of which concept that is included in Purnell's model for cultural competence? A) Acculturation, taking the best of both cultures and blending them into one. B) Assimilating, adoption of group culture by members of a different culture. C) Diversity, differences within the groups. D) Empathy, expressive concern and the ability to see experiences as the client sees them. - precise answer A A nursing student originally born in the Philippines enters a nursing program in the United States to become an RN. Three semesters later, the student wants to quit the program. The student's advisor has observed this
A) Having the Native American tribes spiritual leader (shaman) perform a specific healing ceremony immediately following surgery. B) Serving "hot" and "cold" foods and beverages to a Chinese woman who is hospitalized for brachytherapy to treat cervical cancer. C) Turning on soft music to drown out the noise at the nursing station for an elderly Puerto Rican client. D) Allowing the family of an Eastern Indian client to bring in remedies made from vegetables following amputation for gangrene of the foot. - precise answer B,D A nurse educator attends a conference focused on teaching nursing models specifically related to culturally diverse groups of populations. This educator got into a discussion with other attendees about development of a deep self-awareness of personal existence, feelings, ideas, and emotions while not allowing these to influence actions/interventions when working with persons from other cultures. This discussion group is primarily talking about which transcultural nursing theory? A) Leininger's sunrise model and theory of culture care diversity and universality B) Purnell's model for cultural competence C) Spector's model of heritage consistency D) Giger and Davidhizar's transcultural assessment model - precise answer B When caring for an individual of Japanese culture who speaks primarily Japanese, what should the nurse due prior to performing the initial physical assessment? Select all that apply. A) Ask the client for permission to touch them. B) Call their American-raised children and ask if there is anything you (the nurse) should know before during a complete head-to-toe assessment. C) Contact an interpreter to attend the first assessment so factual information about their signs/symptoms can be shared. D) Rely on the unlicensed assistant personnel (UAP), who is also of Asian descent, to help you perform the assessment for the first time. E) Ask family members who know ESL to translate word-for-word what information you (the nurse) are trying to obtain. - precise answer A,C An elderly Chinese man reporting chest pain was brought to the Emergency Department by family. As the female RN started to lift his shirt to place a stethoscope on his chest, he grabbed her arm and stopped her.
The nurse should perform which step next in order to provide safe, effective care to this client? A) Ask a male nurse working in the ED to help with the assessment. B) Assess the client for mental changes that may indicate a stroke. C) Apologize and call for an approved language interpreting service to have them explain what interventions she wants to provide with his cooperation. D) Find family members and ask if the person can speak English and Chinese. If so, ask them to interpret what you are going to assess. - precise answer C A nurse who is a devout Roman Catholic is assigned to care for an older adult client from Brazil. The client became ill while vising family in the United States. The ED diagnosed pancreatic cancer with metastasis throughout the client's body. Upon entry into the room, the nurse notes the client's eyes are closed but is moving her lips while touching beads. What action by the nurse would be appropriate at this time? A) Withdraw from the room and give the client plenty of time to say her prayers. B) Ask the hospital chaplain (not a priest) to come handle this situation since you are too busy to stay with the client. C) Let the staff know to keep the noise low outside this client's room. D) Stay with the client, sitting close by the bed, being with the client. If comfortable, ask permission and say prayers with her. - precise answer D A young female nurse has decided to embark on an international nursing experience by accepting a very lucrative offer to work in a hospital in Saudi Arabia for one year. Once she arrives in Saudi Arabia, where is the first place this nurse should visit? A) hospital employment office B) hotel where she is assigned to live C) U. S. consulate or embassy D) postal office to register her nursing license - precise answer C An adjunct clinical faculty member is meeting with her fellow peers during the lunch hour. The faculty member is concerned about one of their students who is of Asian culture. The faculty expresses concern that the student's outward appearance is "cold and distant" since the student will
When the nurse analyzes accountability to a client, which question best provides a self-assessment of this type of accountability? A) Am I willing to help other nurses in my work setting? B) Am I acting as a community resource in the areas of health and nursing? C) Am I providing the best care of which I am capable? D) Am I seeking to improve health and nursing care? - precise answer C A nurse is responsible for the evening shift at a busy maternity unit. The unit is full, and the nurse has had to call several other nurses in to manage the load. A client with broken membranes has requested no external or internal monitors. The nurse explains to the client that they will accommodate her requests to a point, but occasionally they will be listening to the FHR throughout the labor. Which answer represents the best positive outcome for the client when both the nurse and the client work together to meet the client's needs as long as safety is maintained? A) autonomy for the client B) family-centered care C) customer satisfaction D) reduced liability - precise answer C A nurse documents a Foley catheter insertions by clean technique since they were told by administration to decrease expenses like use of sterile gloves to a minimum. Who is liable if the client develops urinary tract infections (UTIs) that extend their hospital stay by 2 days and upsets the family to the point of "contacting a lawyer"? A) the nurse administrator B) the nurse performing the procedure C) the healthcare provider D) the chief financial officer - precise answer B A client comes to the hospital for a surgical procedure. On day 2, the client experienced a fever and required antibiotic therapy. The client was originally supposed to go home on day 2 but as a result of the fever stayed an extra day and then went home with oral antibiotics. As a result of accurate documentation, what would be the positive outcome to the facility? A) client's fever was treated B) reimbursement by third-party payer C) family reunited with loved one D) nurse satisfaction with resolution of fever - precise answer B
When the nurse analyzes accountability to themselves, which question provides a self-assessment of professional accountability? A) Should I seek additional preparation (education) for that role? B) If I am not satisfied with that job description, am I seeking appropriate ways to change it? C) Am I working in accordance with the policies and procedures of the institution? D) Am I complying with the ethical code of the profession? - precise answer A When the nurse analyzes accountability to the profession, which question best provides a self-assessment of professional accountability? A) In areas where I am dissatisfied, am I seeking alternative modes of action or thought? B) Should I withdraw from that role until I receive additional preparation? C) Am I working within the profession to improve practice, education, or research? D) Am I working in accordance with the policies and procedures of the institution? - precise answer C When the nurse analyzes accountability to the agency, which question best provides a self-assessment of professional accountability? A) Am I seeking to ensure that I am practicing under safe, if not optimal, conditions? B) Am I incorporating what I know of nursing theory and research into my practice in this situation? C) Am I complying with the ethical code of the profession? D) Am I acting in accordance with my own ethical code and that of the profession? - precise answer A A nurse is working on a busy medical-surgical unit. They are caring for 6 clients with the help of an LPN. The nurse is behind schedule for giving medication. The nurse begins to hand an IV push medication to the LPN for them to administer. But then the nurse recognizes this is outside the scope of practice for LPNs. This is an example of which trait possessed by RNs to be accountable to standards of practice?
