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nursing back pain and fractures notes
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📚 ATI Review Module Reference (Chapter 71: Osteoporosis): ✅ Most Common Fracture Locations in Osteoporosis:
Location Why It Matters / Complications
Spine (vertebrae) ➤ Compression fractures → kyphosis, reduced height, chronic back pain, ↓ lung capacity
Hip (femoral neck) ➤ High morbidity, fall risk → risk for immobility, DVT/PE, surgical complications
Wrist (Colles’ fracture)
➤ Often the first sign of osteoporosis; risk of functional impairment and loss of independence
Ribs ➤ Can occur with minor trauma; difficult to treat; risk for pulmonary issues from impaired breathing
Pelvis ➤ Related to fragility; increased risk of immobility, pressure injuries, pneumonia
📚 Based on ATI Chapter 73: Osteoarthritis and Low Back Pain: ✅ Common Causes of Low Back Pain (can appear in exam questions like “Which of the following could contribute to a client’s LBP?”)
Cause / Condition Description / Mechanism
Muscle strain or spasm Sudden overuse, improper lifting, or overextension of the lumbar muscles
Ligament sprain Overstretching or tearing of spinal ligaments from bending/lifting
Herniated or degenerated intervertebral disc
Disc protrusion compresses spinal nerves → radicular pain, sciatica
Spinal stenosis Narrowing of spinal canal → pressure on spinal nerves → pain, tingling, numbness
Vertebral compression fracture Often related to osteoporosis in older adults
Scoliosis or spinal deformities Can alter spinal alignment and cause chronic strain
History of injury or fall Common in acute LBP cases
Poor posture / improper ergonomics
Chronic stress on spine, especially with desk jobs or long standing
Obesity Increased mechanical stress on lumbar spine
Smoking Reduces blood flow to discs → accelerates disc degeneration
Sedentary lifestyle / lack of exercise
Weakens core muscles that support the spine