NURSING 7331 ASSESSMENT & MANAGEMENT OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES EXAM Q & A, Exams of Nursing

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NURSING 7331

Assessment &

Management of Child &

Adolescent Mental

Health Issues

Q & A w/ Rationales

1. A 10-year-old boy is brought to the school nurse by his teacher, who reports that he has been acting restless, irritable, and disruptive in class. The nurse observes that the boy is fidgety, talks rapidly, and has difficulty staying on task. The nurse suspects that the boy may have: a) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) b) Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) c) Conduct disorder (CD) d) Bipolar disorder (BD) Answer: a) ADHD Rationale: ADHD is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. The boy's symptoms are consistent with ADHD, while ODD, CD, and BD have different or additional features.
2. A 14-year-old girl is referred to a mental health clinic by her pediatrician, who noticed signs of depression during a routine check-up. The girl admits that she has been feeling sad, hopeless, and worthless for the past few months. She also reveals that she has been cutting herself on her arms and legs with a razor blade. The nurse should assess the girl for: a) Suicidal ideation b) Borderline personality disorder (BPD) c) Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) d) All of the above *Answer: d) All of the above

B:

1. When assessing a child or adolescent with mental health issues, which of the following is the most reliable source of information? A. The child's teachers and school personnel B. Self-reporting by the child or adolescent C. Observations made by the healthcare provider during the assessment D. Reports from the child's parents or caregivers Answer: D. Reports from the child's parents or caregivers Rationale: Parents or caregivers typically have the most extensive knowledge of the child's behavior and can provide valuable information about the child's symptoms, history, and patterns of functioning.
2. When managing a child or adolescent with conduct disorder, which intervention is most effective? A. Individual psychotherapy B. Group therapy focused on social skills training C. Pharmacological intervention D. Family therapy Answer: D. Family therapy

Rationale: Family therapy has been found to be most effective in managing conduct disorder as it addresses family dynamics, communication patterns, and parenting strategies that contribute to the behavior.

3. When assessing a child suspected of having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which tool is commonly used? A. Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) B. Reynolds Child Depression Scale (RCDS) C. Connors' Rating Scales (CRS) D. Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Disorders (SCARED) Answer: C. Connors' Rating Scales (CRS) Rationale: Connors' Rating Scales (CRS) is a commonly used tool to assess the symptoms of ADHD. It helps to identify hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention in children.
4. Which medication is commonly prescribed for the management of major depressive disorder in adolescents? A. Risperidone B. Clonidine C. Fluoxetine D. Quetiapine Answer: C. Fluoxetine

D. Hallucinations or delusions Answer: B. Excessive worry and apprehension Rationale: Excessive worry and apprehension are core symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in children. These worries are difficult to control and occur across different situations.

7. Which intervention is crucial when managing a child or adolescent with an eating disorder? A. Cognitive Restructuring Therapy (CRT) B. Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) C. Nutritional counseling and meal planning D. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) techniques Answer: C. Nutritional counseling and meal planning Rationale: Nutritional counseling and meal planning are essential in managing eating disorders as they address the physical and physiological aspects of the condition, promote healthy eating behaviors, and ensure proper nutrition.
8. Which condition is characterized by sudden and recurrent episodes of intense fear, accompanied by physical symptoms? A. Bipolar disorder

B. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) C. Panic disorder D. Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) Answer: C. Panic disorder Rationale: Panic disorder is characterized by recurrent and unexpected panic attacks, which are episodes of intense fear or discomfort accompanied by physical symptoms such as heart palpitations, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, etc.

9. When assessing a child with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), which characteristic behavior is commonly observed? A. Preoccupation with body image and weight B. Persistent pattern of angry and irritable mood C. Inability to concentrate or pay attention D. Unusual ideas or beliefs not based on reality Answer: B. Persistent pattern of angry and irritable mood Rationale: Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is characterized by a persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, argumentative or defiant behaviors, and vindictiveness.
10. Which medication is commonly prescribed for the management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

thoughts can cause significant distress and impairment.

12. Which therapeutic intervention is commonly used in the management of childhood anxiety disorders? A. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) B. Psychodynamic psychotherapy C. Exposure and response prevention therapy D. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) Answer: C. Exposure and response prevention therapy Rationale: Exposure and response prevention therapy is a commonly used intervention for childhood anxiety disorders. It involves gradually exposing the child to feared situations or objects and preventing the usual avoidance or rituals associated with anxiety.
13. When assessing a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which comorbid psychiatric condition is commonly observed? A. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) B. Bipolar disorder C. Schizophrenia D. Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) Answer: D. Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) Rationale: Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a

commonly observed comorbid condition in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The two conditions frequently coexist and share common symptoms, such as impulsivity and difficulties with self- regulation.

14. Which assessment tool is commonly used to screen for depressive symptoms in children and adolescents? A. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) B. Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) C. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) D. Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) Answer: D. Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) Rationale: The Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) is a commonly used tool to screen for depressive symptoms in children and adolescents. It assesses various emotional, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms associated with depression.
15. Which evidence-based practice is effective in reducing suicidal ideation and behavior in adolescents? A. Solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) B. Motivational interviewing (MI) C. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) D. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)

c) Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) d) Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) Answer: c) Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) Rationale: The PHQ-9 is a widely used tool for screening and assessing symptoms of depression in adolescents, providing valuable insights into the severity of depressive symptoms. What is the first-line pharmacological treatment for ADHD in children aged 6-12 years? a) Methylphenidate b) Fluoxetine c) Quetiapine d) Sertraline Answer: a) Methylphenidate Rationale: Methylphenidate, a central nervous system stimulant, is considered the first-line pharmacological treatment for ADHD in children aged 6-12 years due to its efficacy in reducing the core symptoms of ADHD. Which therapeutic approach is commonly used in the treatment of childhood anxiety disorders? a) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) b) Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) c) Psychodynamic therapy d) Interpersonal therapy (IPT) Answer: a) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) Rationale: CBT has been established as the most effective therapeutic approach for treating childhood anxiety disorders, equipping children with coping strategies

to manage their anxiety symptoms. What is the hallmark symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)? a) Impaired social communication and interaction b) Repetitive behaviors and restricted interests c) Language delay d) Sensory sensitivities Answer: a) Impaired social communication and interaction Rationale: Impaired social communication and interaction represent the core features of ASD, often presenting as difficulties in social reciprocity and nonverbal communication. Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of conduct disorder in adolescents? a) High socioeconomic status b) Positive peer relationships c) History of maltreatment or neglect d) Academic achievement Answer: c) History of maltreatment or neglect Rationale: Adolescents with a history of maltreatment or neglect are at an increased risk of developing conduct disorder, highlighting the impact of adverse childhood experiences on mental health. What is the primary goal of psychopharmacological interventions in the management of pediatric bipolar disorder?

Which assessment tool is commonly used to evaluate symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents? a) Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) b) Vanderbilt Assessment Scale c) Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) d) Conners' Rating Scales Answer: b) Vanderbilt Assessment Scale Rationale: The Vanderbilt Assessment Scale is a widely utilized tool for assessing symptoms of ADHD in children and adolescents, encompassing multiple domains such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. What is the recommended first-line intervention for the management of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents? a) Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) b) Pharmacotherapy with antidepressants c) Family-based therapy d) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) Answer: d) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) Rationale: CBT has been identified as the recommended first-line intervention for the management of NSSI in adolescents, targeting underlying emotional dysregulation and maladaptive coping mechanisms. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in children? a) Impulsivity and hyperactivity

b) Persistent pattern of angry/irritable mood and argumentative/defiant behavior c) Social withdrawal and lack of interest in social interactions d) Intrusive and repetitive thoughts or behaviors Answer: b) Persistent pattern of angry/irritable mood and argumentative/defiant behavior Rationale: ODD is characterized by a persistent pattern of angry/irritable mood and argumentative/defiant behavior, often leading to significant impairment in social and academic functioning. Which psychosocial intervention focuses on enhancing parenting skills and strengthening parent-child relationships in the context of disruptive behavior disorders? a) Parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) b) Play therapy c) Attachment-based family therapy (ABFT) d) Solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) Answer: a) Parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) Rationale: PCIT is a well-established psychosocial intervention that targets disruptive behavior disorders by enhancing parenting skills, improving parent-child interactions, and facilitating positive behavior management strategies. What is the primary goal of early intervention programs for children with developmental delays or disabilities? a) Facilitating academic advancement

What is the primary focus of trauma-focused cognitive- behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) in the treatment of post- traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents? a) Enhancing emotional expression and catharsis b) Addressing maladaptive cognitive distortions and behavioral avoidance c) Promoting relaxation techniques and stress management skills d) Encouraging exposure to trauma reminders in a controlled setting Answer: b) Addressing maladaptive cognitive distortions and behavioral avoidance Rationale: TF-CBT focuses on addressing maladaptive cognitive distortions and behavioral avoidance related to the traumatic experience, facilitating the processing and integration of traumatic memories while promoting adaptive coping strategies.