Assessment & Management of Child & Adolescent Mental Health Issues Q & A w/ Rationales, Exams of Nursing

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NURSING 7331

Assessment &

Management of Child &

Adolescent Mental

Health Issues

Q & A w/ Rationales

1. Which of the following assessments is most appropriate for evaluating a child's intellectual functioning and cognitive abilities? a) LiSA-YC interview b) Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) c) Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) d) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) Answer: d) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) Rationale: The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children is specifically designed to measure a child's intellectual functioning and cognitive abilities. It assesses both verbal and non-verbal abilities, providing a comprehensive evaluation of the child's intellectual skills.
2. When assessing a child or adolescent for depression symptoms, which instrument is recommended for measuring the severity of depressive symptoms? a) Conners 3-Parent Short b) Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) c) Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) d) Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) Answer: b) Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) Rationale: The Beck Depression Inventory is a widely used self-report questionnaire that assesses the severity of depressive symptoms. It provides a reliable and valid

is a widely used tool for assessing ADHD symptoms in children. It collects information from multiple informants, including parents and teachers, to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the child's behavioral and attentional difficulties.

5. Which assessment tool is commonly used to measure oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms in children and adolescents? a) Conners 3-Parent Short b) Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) c) Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) d) Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI) Answer: d) Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI) Rationale: The ECBI is a parent-report questionnaire specifically designed to assess disruptive behaviors, including oppositional and defiant behaviors, in children ages 2-16. It provides a reliable measure of ODD symptoms and can help guide treatment planning.
6. Which assessment instrument is recommended for evaluating a child's social-emotional functioning and identifying potential behavioral problems? a) Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) b) Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) c) Conners 3-Parent Short d) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) Answer: a) Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)

Rationale: The SDQ is a brief, reliable, and valid screening questionnaire that assesses a child's social-emotional functioning and identifies potential behavioral problems. It covers a broad range of difficulties commonly encountered in childhood, including emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, peer relationship problems, and prosocial behaviors.

7. Which of the following assessment tools is primarily used for evaluating autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms in children? a) Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) b) Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) c) Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) d) Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) Answer: c) Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) Rationale: The ADI-R is a comprehensive, standardized interview used to assess autism spectrum disorder symptoms in children. It focuses on social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors, providing valuable information for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.
8. When assessing a child or adolescent for trauma-related symptoms, which assessment tool is specifically designed to measure post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms? a) Brief Trauma Questionnaire (BTQ) b) Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)

b) Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) c) Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) d) Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) Answer: a) Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children (SPAI-C) Rationale: The SPAI-C is a self-report questionnaire specifically designed to assess symptoms of social anxiety in children and adolescents. It provides a reliable measure of social fears, avoidance, and discomfort in social situations.

11. Which assessment tool is commonly used to evaluate obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms in children and adolescents? a) Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) b) Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) c) Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) d) Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) Answer: c) Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) Rationale: The CY-BOCS is a widely used semistructured interview and rating scale for assessing obsessive- compulsive disorder symptoms in children and adolescents. It focuses on the severity and impact of obsessions and compulsions, aiding in diagnosis and treatment planning.
12. Which of the following assessment tools is specifically

designed to evaluate conduct disorder (CD) symptoms in children and adolescents? a) Conners 3-Parent Short b) Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) c) Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) d) Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD) Answer: d) Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD) Rationale: The APSD is a self-report questionnaire that assesses callous-unemotional traits and conduct problems in children and adolescents. It provides information about the presence and severity of CD symptoms, aiding in diagnosis and intervention planning.

13. When assessing a child or adolescent for substance use disorders, which assessment tool is recommended to screen for substance use and related problems? a) Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) b) Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) c) Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) d) Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) Answer: a) Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) Rationale: The DAST is a widely used screening tool for assessing substance use and related problems in individuals aged 12 and older. It helps identify potential substance abuse or dependence, guiding appropriate interventions and treatment referrals.
14. Which assessment tool should be used to evaluate a

B:

Question: What is the most common mental health disorder among children and adolescents? A. Anxiety disorder B. Bipolar disorder C. Schizophrenia D. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Answer: D. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Rationale: ADHD is the most common mental health disorder among children and adolescents, affecting approximately 5-7% of the global population in this age group. Question: Which of the following is not a symptom of depression in children and adolescents? A. Persistent sadness B. Increased appetite C. Loss of interest in activities D. Fatigue or low energy Answer: B. Increased appetite Rationale: Unlike adults, children and adolescents with depression often show decreased appetite and weight loss. Question: What is the first-line treatment for children and adolescents with mild to moderate depression? A. Antidepressant medication B. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

C. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) D. Family therapy Answer: B. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) Rationale: CBT has been found to be effective in treating mild to moderate depression in children and adolescents without the potential side effects associated with antidepressant medication. Question: Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of eating disorders in adolescents? A. Low self-esteem B. High academic achievement C. Regular family meals D. Participation in team sports Answer: A. Low self-esteem Rationale: Low self-esteem is a known risk factor for the development of eating disorders in adolescents, particularly in the case of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Question: What is the hallmark symptom of conduct disorder in children and adolescents? A. Social withdrawal B. Aggression towards people and animals C. Excessive worrying D. Unusual eating habits Answer: B. Aggression towards people and animals Rationale: Aggression towards people and animals is a key characteristic of conduct disorder, which often involves violating the rights of others and age-appropriate societal norms.

C. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) D. Generalized anxiety disorder Answer: D. Generalized anxiety disorder Rationale: Generalized anxiety disorder commonly coexists with OCD in children and adolescents, with both conditions involving excessive worry and anxiety. Question: What is the recommended first-line treatment for generalized anxiety disorder in children and adolescents? A. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) B. Exposure therapy C. Mindfulness meditation D. Group therapy Answer: A. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) Rationale: SSRI medications have been found to be effective in reducing the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder in children and adolescents. Question: Which of the following is a characteristic of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents? A. Avoidance of reminders of the traumatic event B. Inability to recall the traumatic event C. Decreased arousal and hypervigilance D. Positive mood changes Answer: A. Avoidance of reminders of the traumatic event Rationale: Avoidance of reminders of the traumatic event is a common characteristic of PTSD in children and adolescents, often accompanied by hypervigilance and

intrusive thoughts. Question: What is the most effective approach for suicide risk assessment in children and adolescents? A. Asking direct questions about suicidal ideation B. Using standardized questionnaires C. Observing changes in behavior D. Inquiring about family history of suicide Answer: A. Asking direct questions about suicidal ideation Rationale: Directly asking about suicidal ideation is the most effective approach for suicide risk assessment in children and adolescents, as it allows for open communication and immediate intervention if necessary. Question: Which of the following is a key principle of trauma-informed care for children and adolescents? A. Minimizing the importance of the child's history B. Focusing on behavior modification C. Prioritizing safety and trustworthiness D. Encouraging avoidance of emotional expression Answer: C. Prioritizing safety and trustworthiness Rationale: Trauma-informed care emphasizes the importance of prioritizing safety and trustworthiness to create a supportive environment for children and adolescents who have experienced trauma. Question: What is the primary focus of family-based treatment for anorexia nervosa in adolescents? A. Individual psychotherapy

fostering positive coping strategies, and encouraging adaptive responses to adversity. C:

1. A 10-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents after he attempted to jump from the balcony of his apartment. He has a history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). He is currently taking methylphenidate and risperidone. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial assessment tool for this child? a) Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) b) Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) c) Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) d) Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS)* Rationale: The C-SSRS is a standardized tool that assesses the severity and risk of suicidal ideation and behavior in children and adolescents. It is recommended by the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) as part of the comprehensive suicide assessment. The other tools are useful for screening or measuring general mental health functioning, but not specifically for suicide risk.
2. A 14-year-old girl is referred to the school nurse by her teacher, who noticed that she has been losing weight, skipping meals, and wearing baggy clothes. The nurse

suspects that the girl may have an eating disorder and decides to use the SCOFF questionnaire to screen her. The SCOFF questionnaire consists of five questions, each with a yes or no answer. A score of two or more indicates a possible eating disorder. Which of the following is NOT one of the questions in the SCOFF questionnaire? a) Do you ever make yourself Sick because you feel uncomfortably full? b) Do you worry you have lost Control over how much you eat? c) Have you recently lost more than One stone (6.35 kg) in a three-month period? d) Do you believe yourself to be Fat when others say you are too thin?* Rationale: The correct answer is d, which is a question from the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT), another screening tool for eating disorders. The other questions are from the SCOFF questionnaire, which stands for Sick, Control, One stone, Fat, Food.

3. A 12-year-old boy is diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability. He has difficulties with social communication, repetitive behaviors, and sensory processing. His parents are interested in learning more about the evidence-based interventions for ASD. Which of the following statements is true regarding the interventions for ASD? a) Applied behavior analysis (ABA) is the only intervention that has been proven to be effective for ASD. b) Medications can cure ASD or reduce its core symptoms.

appropriate psychotherapy modality for this girl? a) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) b) Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)* c) Interpersonal therapy (IPT) d) Psychodynamic therapy Rationale: The correct answer is b, which is a form of CBT that was developed specifically for treating patients with BPD and suicidal behavior. DBT combines cognitive and behavioral techniques with mindfulness skills and emotion regulation strategies. It also involves individual and group sessions, as well as phone coaching and consultation team meetings. DBT has been shown to reduce suicidal ideation and attempts, self-harm, depression, anger, and impulsivity in patients with BPD. The other therapies are also useful for treating depression and PTSD, but not as effective for BPD.

5. A 13-year-old boy is evaluated by a child psychiatrist after he was caught stealing money from his classmates. He has a history of conduct disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and learning disability. He is currently taking methylphenidate and clonidine. He denies any remorse or guilt for his actions and blames others for his problems. He also shows no empathy or concern for the feelings of others. He has poor peer relationships and often gets into fights and arguments. He has been suspended from school several times for breaking rules and disrupting classes. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis for this boy? a) Antisocial personality disorder

b) Oppositional defiant disorder c) Reactive attachment disorder d) Callous-unemotional trait* Rationale: The correct answer is d, which is a subtype of conduct disorder that is characterized by a lack of empathy, remorse, guilt, or emotional expression. Children with callous-unemotional trait are more likely to display persistent and severe antisocial behavior, such as aggression, theft, vandalism, or cruelty to animals or people. They are also more resistant to treatment and have a higher risk of developing antisocial personality disorder in adulthood. The other diagnoses are not applicable to this boy. Antisocial personality disorder can only be diagnosed in adults (18 years or older). Oppositional defiant disorder involves a pattern of angry, defiant, and vindictive behavior, but not serious violations of the rights of others. Reactive attachment disorder involves a failure to form normal attachments to caregivers due to severe neglect or abuse in early childhood.