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NURS5315 EXAM 3 / 301 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
/2025-2026/GRADED A+
Beta 1 This receptor causes increased contractility, increased HR, and increased renin secretion Beta 2 This receptor causes vasodilation and bronchial dilation Beta 2 Albuterol stimulates the _________ receptors and is administered during respiratory distress Alpha 1 This receptor causes vasoconstriction and is stimulated by Norepinephrine Dopamine 1 This receptor causes vasodilation Dilation Dopamine administered in low doses causes vaso_______________.
constriction, alpha 1 Dopamine administered in high doses causes vaso__________ because it activates the ___________ receptor. increased, increased A moderate dose of dopamine causes ________ contractility and ______________ cardiac output Beta 1 Epinephrine primarily activates the ____________ receptor does not change Epinephrine also activates Beta 2 and Alpha 1 receptors which _________________________ vascular tone. increased, increased Epinephrine causes _________________ contractility and _____________________ cardiac output. Beta 1 and Alpha 1 Levophed activates which 2 receoptors to cause increased vasocontriction and increased contractility?
Inotropy force of myocardial contraction Heart rate Drugs that affect the chronotropy affect the __________________. myocardial contraction Drugs that affect the inotropy affect the _____________________. Parasympathetic, decreases, decreases, dilation Acetylchoine is released by the _____________________ nervous system and _______________ heart rate, ______________ contractility, and causes vaso_____________. Diastole Relaxation of the heart Systole Contraction of the heart 4, left atrium There are _____ pulmonary veins that take blood back to the ________________ (chamber).
atrial kick, 20 slight pause of impulse between SA and AV so the blood has time to push into the left ventricle. Represents about _____% of cardiac output. lower The right side of the heart has ______ pressures than the left side. higher The left side of the heart has ____________ pressures than the right side. Cardiac output heart rate x stroke volume 5 L/min normal adult cardiac output at rest Stroke volume The amount of blood ejected from the ventricle in one contraction. Preload degree of stretch of the cardiac muscle fibers at the end of diastole
High, high, high hypertensive patients have a ________ SVR and a __________ aortic pressure, resulting in a ________ afterload. Ventricle, Hypertrophy Increased afterload increases the work of the ____________ and results in ______________. Faster A low afterload enables the heart to contract ____________. Arterial blood pressure cardiac output x total peripheral resistance systolic blood pressure the pressure created in the arteries when the left ventricle contracts and forces blood out into circulation diastolic blood pressure the pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle is refilling
Mean arterial pressure, arterial, blood average pressure in the arteries during the cardiac cycle and is dependent on the elasticity of the _________ walls and the mean volume of __________ in the arterials. Diameter SVR is directly related to the ______________ of the arteries. Vasocontriction Angiotensin II impact on arteries Vasoconstriction Epinepherine impact on arteries Vasodilation Natiuretic hormones impact on arteries Vasodilation Urodilatin impact on arteries Stronger The greater the amount of intracellular calcium, the _______ the contraction.
calcium pump, calcium Catecholaimes: increase activity of the _____________ ________ in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR); therefore, increase the release of _________ from the SR. Decreases, increasing Decreased extracellular sodium ________ the activity of the Na/Ca exchanger, _______ the amount of intracellular calcium. Digitalis, increase _____________ blocks the Na/K pump which increases intracellular Na, decreases the activity of the Na/Ca exchanger, causing an _________ of intracellular calcium. Beta Blockers, decreasing block effects of catecholamines, __________ the amount of intracellular calcium Decreases Acidosis ____________ cardiac contractility Decrease Hypoxia and hypercapnia ___________ cardiac contractility
Phenytoin, Aspirin, Ethanol Ingestion of these 3 by mother can lead to CHD in baby Rubella Infection of mother with this virus can lead to CHD in baby Left to right shunt a significant increase in blood oxygen content between two right sided chambers would indicate this Right side, pulmonary hypertension, hypertrophy Left to right shunt leads to volume overload in the ___________ __________ of the heart which leads to ___________ _______________, and bilateral ventricular _____________. Eisenmenger syndrome reversal of L-R shunt to a R-L shunt, with cyanosis and clubbing of fingers Ventricular septal defect Most common CHD Left, right In VSD, blood moves from the _____ ventricle to the right ventricle.
Pulmonary hypertension, cyanosis and clubbing 3 symptoms see in adults with VSD. atrial septal defect Most common CHD in adults Patent foramen ovale Most common cause of ASD is a _________ ____________ __________ that does not close Left, right In ASD, blood flows from the _______ atrium to the ________ atrium FAS, Down Syndrome Two syndromes associated with ASD crescendo-decrescendo
Murmur heard in ASD Embolus ASD is associated with an increased risk for developing a(n) ___________. patent ductus arteriosus passageway between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open after birth Congenital Rubella Associated with Septal defects, PDA, and pulmonary artery stenosis Machine-like murmur heard in patent ductus arteriosus Left to right Type of shunt initially seen in PDA
Right to left shunt will increase the work load on the _____ side of the heard leading to myocardial hypertrophy. Tetralogy of Fallot Most common cyanotic CHD Higher, higher In VSD, pressure on the right side is initially ________, causing the volume on the left side to be initially ________. Left In early PDA, the ______ side of the heart works harder Transposition of the great vessels a congenital abnormallity where the aorta is attached to the righ ventricle and the pulmonary artery to the left ventricle (this is backwards and leads to two separate blood routes)
Pulmonary artery Carries deoxygentated blood from the heart to the lungs Ductus venous, mixed The _________ _________connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, carries _________ blood. foramen ovale, oxygenated connects the two atria in the fetal heart, transports _________ blood. ductus arteriosus, mixed a blood vessel in a fetus that bypasses pulmonary circulation by connecting the pulmonary artery directly to the ascending aorta, carries _______ blood. placenta, ductus venous, right atrium, foramen ovale, left atrium, left ventricle Fetal blood Cycle: Oxygenated blood leaves the ________ and passes through the ______ ______ into the inferior vena cava, entering the heart in the _______ _______ (chamber). It then passess through the ___________ _____________ into the _______ ________ (chamber) where it is transported to the ________ _________ (chamber) so that it can be spread to the head and body.
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction HFpEF, diastolic heart failure Left HFrEF most commonly affects the ______ side of the heart 40 EF in HFrEF is <_____% Myocardial Infarction Most common cause of HFrEF or decreased systolic function Decrease, decrease, increase A decrease in contractility in the left ventricle (HFrEF) will lead to __________ stroke volume, ___________ cardiac output, and __________________ preload
Contractility, left ventricle First step of ventricular remodeling is the decrease in _____________________ of the ____________ ________________ (chamber) Ventricular dilation In ________ related to HF, muscle fibers lengthen and volume in the heart chambers increases due to ventricular remodeling Hormones, increase Myocardial systolic dysfunction and low cardiac output seen in HFrEF lead to the release of ________ that cause vasoconstriction in an attempt to ______________ afterload and cardiac output. Baroreceptors, catecholamines ___________________ detect decreases in blood pressure and notify the medulla to activate the SNS and stimulate the release of _____________________________. toxic, damage, contraction
