Download NURS 6501 Midterm Exam Version-1-with 100% verified solutions | Latest Update and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
NURS 6501 Midterm Exam Version- 1 -
with 100% verified solutions
Question 1 What is the blood type of a person who is heterozygous, having A and B alleles as codominant? Correct Answer: AB Question 2 The data reporting that sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600 American blacks is an example of which concept? Answer: Prevalence Question 3 A patient is having a spirometry measurement done and asks the healthcare professional to explain this test. What response by the professional is best? Correct Answer: To measure the volume and flow rate during forced expiration Question 4 A healthcare professional is caring for a patient undergoing chemotherapy. What is the skin- related health risk the professional should assess the patient for and be prepared to treat? Answer? Question 5 A professor has taught the students about the sources of increased ammonia in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. What statement by a student indicates the professor should review this material? Answer? Question 6 What is the second most commonly recognized genetic cause of intellectual disability?
Correct Ans: Fragile X syndrome Question 7 What is the role of reverse transcriptase in HIV infection? Correct answer: It converts RNA into double-stranded DNA Question 8 Which renal change is found in older adults? Correct answer: Decrease in the number of nephrons Question 9 In regulating vascular mediators released from mast cells, the role of eosinophils is to release what? Correct answer: Histaminase, which limits the effects of histamine during acute inflammation Question 10 Under anaerobic conditions, what process provides energy for the cell? Correct answer: Glycolysis Question 11 A patient had a motor vehicle crash and suffered critical injuries to the brainstem. What physiological responses would the healthcare professional expect to see? Correct answer: Pulse and blood pressure changes Question 12 A parent wants to know how to prevent type 1 diabetes in the newborn. The healthcare professional explains that prevention is not possible, because which of these is a major characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus? Answer?
Question 19 A student asks the professor to explain what effect natriuretic peptides have during heart failure when the heart dilates. Which response by the professor is best? Correct answer: Inhibits renin and aldosterone Question 20 When renin is released, it is capable of which action? Answer: Question 21 What is the initiating event that leads to the development of atherosclerosis? Correct answer: Injury to the endothelial cells that line the artery walls Question 22 The glomerular filtration rate is directly related to which factor? Correct answer: Perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries Question 23 What mechanisms occur in the liver cells as a result of lipid accumulation? Correct answer: Increased synthesis of triglycerides from fatty acids and decreased synthesis of apoproteins. Question 24 A person wants to know if eating only plant-based foods is advisable as a way to cut cholesterol to near-zero levels. What response by the health care professional is best? Correct answer: No, many hormones are made from cholesterol. Question 25
The Bainbridge reflex is thought to be initiated by sensory neurons in which cardiac location? Correct answer: Atria Question 26 A patient has a serum sodium level of 165 mEq/L. The healthcare professional explains that the clinical manifestations of confusion, convulsions, cerebral hemorrhage, and coma are caused by what mechanism? Answer? Question 27 A person has hypothyroidism. What chemical does the healthcare professional advise the person to include in the diet? Correct answer: Iodine Question 28 During the cardiac cycle, why do the aortic and pulmonic valves close after the ventricles relax? Correct answer: Blood fills the cusps of the valves and causes the edges to merge, closing the valves. Question 29 If a patient develops acidosis, the nurse would expect the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to react in which manner? Correct answer: Shift to the right, causing more oxygen (O 2) to be released to the cells Question 30 What does vomiting-induced metabolic alkalosis cause? Correct answer: Retention of bicarbonate to maintain the anion balance Question 31 What is one function of the tumor cell marker? Correct answer: To screen individuals at high risk for cancer
Answer: Question 38 How do free radicals cause cell damage? Answer: A mutation in this gene allows continuous cell growth. Question 39 A student studying biology asks the professor to describe how the ras gene is involved in cancer proliferation. What explanation by the professor is best? Correct answer: A mutation in this gene allows continuous cell growth. Question 40 A patient has a peptic ulcer related to h. pylori bacteria. What treatment does the healthcare professional educate the patient on? Correct answer: Antibiotic therapy Question 41 A patient in the hospital has hypernatremia. What condition should the healthcare professional assess for? Answer? Question 42 A patient is in severe shock and is receiving vasopressin. A student asks the health care professional to explain the rationale for this treatment. What response by the professional is most accurate? Answer? Question 43
A student is preparing to irrigate a patient's wound and gathers supplies, including hydrogen peroxide. What response by the health care professional is best? Correct answer: Tell the student to get some normal saline instead. Question 44 A healthcare professional cares for older adults in a skilled nursing facility. What should the professional assess for in these individuals related to cardiovascular functioning? Correct answer: Increased rate of falling and dizzy spells Question 45 Which statement made by a student indicates the healthcare professional needs to describe the pericardium again? Answer? Question 46 Where is two thirds of the body's water found? Correct answer: Intracellular fluid compartments Question 47 A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient does the professional assess for pulmonary emboli (PE) as the priority? Correct answer: Deep venous thrombosis Question 48 A patient has been diagnosed with a renal stone. Based on knowledge of common stone types, what self-care measure does the healthcare professional plan to teach the patient when stone analysis has returned? Answer?
A patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following laboratory values: arterial pH 7.20; serum glucose 500 mg/dL; positive urine glucose and ketones; serum potassium (K +) 2 mEq/L; serum sodium (Na +) 130 mEq/L. The patient reports that he has been sick with the flu for 1 week. What relationship do these values have to his insulin deficiency? Question 56 What is one function of the tumor cell marker? Correct answer: To screen individuals at high risk for cancer Question 57 A student asks about the mechanism that results in type II hypersensitivity reactions. What description by the professor is best? Answer? Question 58 What physical sign does the healthcare professional relate to the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel? Correct answer: Murmur heard on auscultation Question 59 Which hormone is required for water to be reabsorbed in the distal tubule and collecting duct? Correct answer: Antidiuretic hormone Question 60 A patient asks the healthcare professional why tissue damage occurs in acute rejection after organ transplantation. What response by the professional is best? Correct answer: Th1 cells release cytokines that activate infiltrating macrophages, and cytotoxic T cells directly attack the endothelial cells of the transplanted tissue. Question 61 What are blood pressure variations associated with?
Correct answer: The renin-angiotensin system's effect on vasoconstriction Question 62 A class of students has learned about contributing factors to duodenal ulcers. What statement indicates to the professor that the students need a review? Correct answer: Gastric emptying is slowed, causing greater exposure of the mucosa to acid. Question 63 Renal failure is the most common cause of which type of hyperparathyroidism? Correct answer: Secondary Question 64 An amniocentesis indicates a neural tube defect when an increase in which protein is evident? Correct answer: Alpha fetoprotein Question 65 A healthcare professional wants to determine the adequacy of a person's alveolar ventilation. What assessment finding is most important for the professional to consider? Correct answer: Arterial blood gas shows a PaCO 2 of 44 mmHg. Question 66 What is an expected change in the cardiovascular system that occurs with aging? Correct answer: Arterial stiffening Question 67 Oxygenated blood flows through which vessel? Correct answer: Pulmonary veins
Question 74 A patient has a history of excessive use of magnesium-containing antacids and aluminum- containing antacids. What lab value does the healthcare professional correlate to this behavior? Answer? Question 75 A student asks the healthcare professional to describe exotoxins. Which statement by the professional is best? Correct answer: Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth. Question 76 What are tumor cell markers? Correct answer: Hormones, enzymes, antigens, and antibodies that are produced by cancer cells Question 77 The acute inflammatory response is characterized by fever that is produced by the hypothalamus being affected by what? Answer? Question 78 A healthcare professional is educating a patient about asthma. The professional states that good control is necessary due to which pathophysiologic process? Answer? Question 79 The student asks the professor to explain what characteristic is demonstrated by lungs with decreased compliance? Answer?
Question 80 The action of platelet-derived growth factor is to stimulate the production of which cells? Answer? Question 81 A healthcare professional tells the student that a properly placed endotracheal tube for mechanical ventilation is 5 to 7 cm above the tracheal bifurcation. Where does this bifurcation occur? Answer? Question 82 Surfactant produced by type II alveolar cells facilitates alveolar distention and ventilation by which mechanism? Correct answer: Decreasing surface tension in the alveoli Question 83 A patient is brought to the Emergency Department with a gunshot wound to the chest. The healthcare professional assesses an abnormality involving a pleural rupture that acts as a one- way valve, permitting air to enter on inspiration but preventing its escape by closing during expiration. What action by the healthcare professional is the priority? Correct answer: Assist with a chest tube insertion. Question 84 A professor has taught the students about the pathogenesis of abdominal pain. Which statement by a student indicates the professor needs to review the material? Answer? Question 85
Question 92 Autocrine stimulation is the ability of cancer cells to do what? Correct answer: Secrete growth factors that stimulate their own growth Question 93 Neurotransmitters affect the postsynaptic membrane by binding to which structure? Correct answer: Receptors Question 94 A healthcare provider notes that tapping the patient's facial nerve leads to lip twitching. What electrolyte value is correlated with this finding? Answer? Question 95 During cell injury caused by hypoxia, why does an increase in the osmotic pressure within the cell occur? Answer? Question 96 A female patient has been diagnosed with an uncomplicated urinary tract infection. What self- care measure does the healthcare provider teach the patient that is specific to this type of infection? Correct answer: After using the bathroom, wipe from front to back. Question 97 A healthcare professional is conducting community education on vaccinations. Which statement about vaccines does the professional include in the presentation? Answer? Question 98
A patient reports dumping syndrome after a partial gastrectomy. What does the healthcare professional teach this patient? Answer? Question 99 Once they have penetrated the first line of defense, which microorganisms do natural killer (NK) cells actively attack? Answer? Question 100 Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases? Answer?
