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NURS 623 : HEALTH ASSESSMENT : MODULE 3 SKIN,
HAIR, AND NAILS TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2 flat skin lesions -- Answer โโ 1. Macule
- Patch 4 raised and smooth skin lesions -- Answer โโ 1. Cyst
- Nodule
- Papule
- Plaque 2 surface change skin lesions -- Answer โโ 1. Crust
- Scale 3 fluid-filled skin lesions -- Answer โโ 1. Bulla
- Pustule
- Vesicle 3 red blanchable skin lesions -- Answer โโ 1. Erythema
- Erythroderma
- Telangietasia
3 purpuric skin lesions -- Answer โโ 1. Eccymosis
- Petechiae
- Palpable purpura 3 sunken skin lesions -- Answer โโ 1. Atrophy
- Erosion
- Ulcer Lesion that is:
- Flat*
- <1 cm*
- Cannot feel involved area or discern a boundary to the lesion -- Answer โโ macule
- Flat*
1cm*
- Cannot feel involved area or discern a boundary to the lesion -- Answer โโ patch
- Raised*
- < 1 cm*
- Solid and elevated lesion -- Answer โโ papule What terms do you sometimes use to differentiate between papules? -- Answer โโ smooth or scaly
- Raised*
1 cm*
- Cavity or elevation < 1 cm
- Fluid can be clear, serous, hemorrhagic, or pus-filled -- Answer โโ vesicle
- Fluid-filled*
- Blister > 1cm
- Fluid can be clear, serous, hemorrhagic, or pus-filled -- Answer โโ bulla Two ways bullae can be characterized as -- Answer โโ tense or flaccid
- Fluid-filled
- < 1 cm
- Circumscribed elevation containing pus -- Answer โโ pustule
- Redness
- Localized, blanchable redness of skin -- Answer โโ erythema What causes erythema? -- Answer โโ increased blood flow
- Redness
- Generalized, blanchable redness of skin -- Answer โโ erythroderma What is erythroderma sometimes associated with? -- Answer โโ desquamation What causes erythroderma -- Answer โโ increased blow flow
- Redness
- Visible and persistent dilation
- Affects small, superficial cutaneous blood vessels -- Answer โโ telangiectasia
- Purpura
- Will not blanch because blood has leaked outside vessels into surrounding skin
- Flat color change -- Answer โโ ecchymosis
- Purpura
- 1 to 2 mm nonblanchable macules
- Results from tiny hemorrhages -- Answer โโ petechiae
- Purpura
- Will not blanch
- Raised nonblanchable red or purple papules or plaques
- Results for vascular inflammation and blood extravasation into the skin -- Answer โโ palpable purpura
- Sunken
- Thinning or loss of tissue -- Answer โโ atrophy 3 ways to define atrophy -- Answer โโ 1. Epidermal
- Dermal
- Subcutaneous
- Sunken
- Localized loss of epidermal or mucosal epithelium -- Answer โโ erosion
- Sunken
- Circumscribed loss of entire epidermis and at least the upper dermis -- Answer โโ ulcer
8 ways to describe lesions -- Answer โโ 1. Number
- Size
- Shape
- Color
- Texture
- Border
- Configuration
- Distribution An erythematous border that surrounds lighter skin -- Answer โโ central clearing Resembling a wart-like growth -- Answer โโ verrucous Rough, thickened epidermis secondary to persistent rubbing, itching, or skin irritation; often involves flexor surface of extremity -- Answer โโ lichenification Pertaining to an area of hardened tissue -- Answer โโ indurated Lesion with central depression -- Answer โโ umbilicated Ring-like shape to skin lesion -- Answer โโ annular Coin-sized and coin-shaped -- Answer โโ nummular With wavy borders, resembling a snake -- Answer โโ serpiginous Constructed, arranged, or marked like a net or network -- Answer โโ reticulated
Resembling herpes, grouped vesicles on an erythematous base -- Answer โโ herpetiform Linear arrangement along a unilateral nerve route -- Answer โโ zosteriform What are the abcde's of nevi? -- Answer โโ 1. Asymmetry
- Border irregularity
- Color variations
- Diameter >6mm
- Evolving Describe a stage 1 pressure ulcer -- Answer โโ intact skin with non-blanchable erythema Describe a stage 2 pressure ulcer -- Answer โโ partial thickness loss of skin with exposed dermis Describe a stage 3 pressure ulcer -- Answer โโ full-thickness skin loss, in which adipose is visible Describe a stage 4 pressure ulcer -- Answer โโ full thickness skin and tissue loss Describe an unstageable pressure ulcer -- Answer โโ full thickness skin and tissue loss with slough or eschar making it unstageable Describe a deep tissue pressure ulcer -- Answer โโ persisent nonblancable deep red, maroon or purple discoloration 5 pathologic rashes -- Answer โโ 1. Diabetes
Malar erythema with sparing of nasolabial fold -- Answer โโ sle Also known as butterfly rash -- Answer โโ malar erythema Annular lesions with erythematous scaly borders and a hypopigmented center -- Answer โโ tinea corporis Two types of sweat glands -- Answer โโ 1. Eccrine
- Apocrine Sweat glands that are:
- widely distributed
- open directly onto the skin surface
- help control body temperature through sweat production -- Answer โโ eccrine Sweat glands that are:
- chiefly in axillary and genital areas
- usually open into hair follicles
- stimulated by emotional stress -- Answer โโ apocrine Skin color depends on what four pigments -- Answer โโ 1. Melanin
- Carotene
- Hemoglobin
- Deoxyhemoglobin Brownish pigment -- Answer โโ melanin
Golden yellow pigment -- Answer โโ carotene 2 types of hair -- Answer โโ 1. Vellus
- Terminal In darker skinned people, where is central cyanosis best identified -- Answer โโ 1. Lips
- Oral mucosa
- Tongue
