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NURS 614 EXAM 2 (2025-2026) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+ Which structure is the site of new nail growth? Eponychium Risk factors for skin cancer include: repeated trauma or irritation to skin. Which of the following, if reported, belongs in the family history of a patient with a skin rash? Father has chronic asthma. The type and brand of grooming products used are important to the health history of: everyone Inspection to determine color variations of the skin is best conducted:
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Which structure is the site of new nail growth?
Eponychium
Risk factors for skin cancer include:
repeated trauma or irritation to skin.
Which of the following, if reported, belongs in the family history of a patient with a skin rash?
Father has chronic asthma.
The type and brand of grooming products used are important to the health history of:
everyone
Inspection to determine color variations of the skin is best conducted:
with illumination provided by daylight.
Individuals with dark pigmentary demarcation lines show lighter coloration on _____ body surfaces.
inward
Which cultural group has the lowest incidence of nevi?
African Americans
A slightly elevated brownish papule with indistinct borders is a typical characteristic of a(n) _____ nevus.
compound
A 29-year-old white woman appears jaundiced. An etiology of liver disease has been excluded. What history questions should the nurse ask?
If she eats a lot of yellow and orange vegetables
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Skin temperature is best assessed with the:
The nurse assesses the patient's nails and finds transverse white bands that cover the nail except for a narrow zone at the distal tip. Additional physical examination of this patient should include:
inspection for icterus.
Which nail change found on examination would be most alarming?
A single dark band in a white adult
Transient mottling of the patient's skin in a cool room is a common finding in:
newborn infants.
Café au lait patches are numbered with each assessment of infants and young children because:
the presence of more than five patches suggests neurofibromatosis.
A Dennie-Morgan fold is probably caused by:
chronic rubbing
Linea nigra is commonly found on the abdomens of:
pregnant women.
Cherry angiomas are a common finding in:
adults older than 30 years
Pigmented, raised, warty lesions over the face and trunk should be assessed by an experienced practitioner who can distinguish:
seborrheic keratoses from actinic keratoses.
Which decubitus ulcer stage indicates damage into the subcutaneous tissue?
Stage III
Age spots are also called:
senile lentigines.
The most common inflammatory skin condition is:
The most common cutaneous neoplasm is:
basal cell carcinoma.
Soft, painless, bluish papules in persons who are HIV-positive are most likely:
Kaposi sarcoma (KS).
A 5-year-old child presents with discrete vesicles on an erythemic base (dew drops on a rose petal appearance) that began near her scalp and are spreading to the trunk. The child has a low-grade fever and feels tired. What is the nurse's next action?
Teach infectious control measures.
During history taking, a mother states that her son awoke in the middle of the night complaining of intense itching to his legs. Today your inspection reveals honey- colored exudate from the vesicular rash on his legs. Which condition is consistent with the above findings?
Impetigo
You are conducting a preschool examination on a 5-year-old child. Which injury would most likely raise your suspicion that the child was being abused?
Bruises in various stages of resolution over body soft tissues
Assessment of poor hygiene, healed fractures with deformity, or unexplained trauma in older adults indicates:
physical neglect.
Produce vitamin D
from precursors in the skin
Stratum corneum
Protects the body against harmful environmental substances
and restricts water loss
Cellular stratum
Keratin cells are synthesized
vellus hair
―short, fine, soft, and nonpigmented
terminal hair
―coarser, longer, thicker, and usually pigmented
paronychium
Soft tissue surrounding the nail border is the
.
Vernix caseosa,
a mixture of sebum and cornified
epidermis, covers the infant's body at birth.
Lanugo is the fine silky hair that covers the newborn's
body, particularly on the shoulders and back.
Shed within 10 to 14 days
In Adolescents
Apocrine glands enlarge and become active.
Increased axillary sweating and sometimes body odor
Gray hair
is due to a decrease in the number of
functioning melanocytes
Dysplastic
Tend to occur on the upper back in men and on the legs in women
A ×5 to ×10 handheld magnifying lens
is useful in
evaluating the subtle details of a lesion.
Lymph
Older people have fibrous and fatty lymph nodes
is a solid, raised, flat-topped lesion greater than 1 cm. in diameter. It is analogous to the geological formation, the plateau.
Skin Vesicles
are raised lesions less than 1 cm. in diameter that are filled with clear fluid.
Bullae
are circumscribed fluid-filled lesions that are greater than 1 cm. in diameter
Pustules
are circumscribed elevated lesions that contain pus. They are most commonly infected (as in folliculitis) but may be sterile (as in pustular psoriasis).
Wheal
is an area of edema in the upper epidermis.
Telangiectasia
are the permanent dilatation of superficial blood vessels in the skin and may occur as isolated phenomena or as part of a generalized disorder
Cyst
Elevated, circumscribed, encapsulated lesion; in dermis or subcutaneous layer; filled with liquid or semisolid material
Scale
consists of flakes or plates that represent compacted desquamated layers of stratum corneum.
Fissure
Linear crack or break from the epidermis to the dermis; may be moist or dry
Crusting
is the result of the drying of plasma or exudate on the skin. Please remember that crusting is different from scaling.
Skin Atrophy
is thinning or absence of the epidermis or subcutaneous fat; and loss of skin markings; skin translucent and paper-like
complex interaction of skin barrier dysfunction, exaggerated immune response, inherited susceptibility, and environmental factors
Vitiligo
depigmenting disorder due to loss of epidermal melanocytes
Warts
caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), a nonenveloped double-stranded DNA virus. There are over 200 known HPV types, and over 100 have been totally sequenced. The virus infects basal keratinocytes resulting in keratinocyte hyperproliferation.
Cellulitis
an infectious inflammatory process that involves the subcutaneous tissue and is caused most frequently by Streptococci or Staphylococci. Predisposing factors with increased prevalence in the elderly include chronic edema, compromised circulation, diabetes mellitus, and surgical sites
Xerosis
dry, rough quality of skin that is almost universal in the elderly and may be attributed to a subtle disturbance of epidermal maturation;Results in Pruritus
Lichen sclerosus (LS)
an inflammatory condition that primarily affects the epidermis and the superficial dermis. The disease process results in thinned or atrophic white papules and plaques of the skin. It is estimated that lichen sclerosus affects 1:60 women. primarily affects the anogenital region, but it can also present on the trunk or extremities. Lichen sclerosus of the vulva most commonly affects postmenopausal women, but it can also develop in 7% to 15% of prepubertal females.
Skin repairs epidermal wounds by
exaggerating cell replacement.
adipose tissue in the hypodermis serves to
generate heat and insulate
Sweat glands, hair, and nails are all formed from
invaginations of epidermis into dermis
Secretory activity of the sebaceous glands is stimulated by
nails of older adults grow slowly because of
decreased circulation.
Risk factors for skin cancer include
repeated trauma or irritation to the skin
Inspection to determine color variations of the skin is best conducted
with illumination provided by daylight
Tangential lighting is best used for inspecting skin
contour
Unusual white areas on the skin may be caused by
vitiligo
Pigmentary demarcation lines
are a normal variation
Pale, shiny skin of the lower extremities may reflect
systemic disease
blanches over a vascular lesion the site blanches and refills evenly from the center outward
a spider angioma
Small, less than 0.5-cm in diameter, red-purple nonblanchable discolorations of the skin are
petechiae
A flat, nonpalpable lesion is described as a macule if the diameter is
less than 1 cm
Fluorescing lesions and annular lesion, additional lighting source should be used for further assessment
Wood's lamp
