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NURS 612 ADVANCED HEALTH
ASSESSMENT PRACTICE EXAM 2
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) PLUS RATIONALES
2025 MARYVILLE UNIVERSITY
- What is the first step in conducting a comprehensive health assessment? a) Taking vital signs b) Reviewing the patient’s medical history c) Performing a physical examination d) Establishing rapport with the patient b) Reviewing the patient’s medical history A thorough review of the patient’s medical history provides critical context for the physical exam and guides the assessment process.
- When auscultating lung sounds, which finding would indicate consolidation? a) Vesicular breath sounds b) Bronchial breath sounds c) Crackles at the lung bases d) Diminished breath sounds b) Bronchial breath sounds Bronchial breath sounds heard over lung fields suggest lung consolidation, as air-filled alveoli are replaced with fluid or solid material.
- Which of the following is a normal finding during abdominal palpation? a) Tenderness over the liver b) Palpable spleen c) Soft, non-tender abdomen d) Pulsatile abdominal mass c) Soft, non-tender abdomen A normal abdomen is soft and non-tender with no palpable masses or organomegaly.
- The correct sequence for performing a focused physical exam is: a) Inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation b) Inspection, percussion, palpation, auscultation c) Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation d) Inspection, palpation, auscultation, percussion
c) Pancreatitis d) Hepatitis b) Cholecystitis A positive Murphy’s sign indicates pain during deep inspiration when palpating the gallbladder, suggesting inflammation such as cholecystitis.
- Which of the following is an expected finding on cardiovascular auscultation in a healthy adult? a) S3 gallop b) Split S c) Mid-systolic click d) Continuous murmur b) Split S A physiological split of the second heart sound (S2) during inspiration is normal in healthy adults.
- During a neurological exam, which test assesses cerebellar function? a) Romberg test b) Babinski reflex c) Deep tendon reflexes d) Cranial nerve exam a) Romberg test The Romberg test assesses proprioception and cerebellar function by evaluating the patient’s ability to maintain balance with eyes closed.
- What does a positive Babinski sign indicate in an adult? a) Normal reflex b) Upper motor neuron lesion c) Lower motor neuron lesion d) Cerebellar dysfunction b) Upper motor neuron lesion A positive Babinski sign (extensor plantar response) in adults is abnormal and suggests an upper motor neuron lesion.
- What does the term "pitting edema" mean? a) Edema that rebounds immediately b) Edema with indentation after pressure c) Edema caused by infection d) Edema that is painful b) Edema with indentation after pressure Pitting edema is swelling that retains an indentation after pressure is applied, indicating fluid accumulation in interstitial spaces.
- Which heart valve is best auscultated at the second right intercostal space? a) Aortic valve b) Pulmonic valve c) Tricuspid valve d) Mitral valve
- Which technique is most appropriate to assess tactile fremitus? a) Auscultation with stethoscope b) Palpation of chest wall while patient repeats "ninety-nine" c) Percussion over lung fields d) Visual inspection of chest b) Palpation of chest wall while patient repeats "ninety-nine" Tactile fremitus is assessed by palpating vibrations transmitted through the bronchopulmonary tree during vocalization.
- What does a bulging anterior fontanelle in an infant typically indicate? a) Dehydration b) Increased intracranial pressure c) Normal development d) Hypoglycemia b) Increased intracranial pressure A bulging fontanelle may indicate increased pressure inside the skull and requires urgent evaluation.
- What is the normal range for adult resting respiratory rate? a) 6-10 breaths per minute b) 12-20 breaths per minute c) 20-30 breaths per minute d) 30-40 breaths per minute
b) 12-20 breaths per minute This range is typical for healthy adults at rest.
- Which test helps evaluate for carpal tunnel syndrome? a) Phalen’s test b) Tinel’s sign c) Both a and b d) Allen’s test c) Both a and b Phalen’s and Tinel’s tests are commonly used to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome.
- When assessing skin turgor, what does a delayed return indicate? a) Normal hydration b) Edema c) Dehydration d) Infection c) Dehydration Delayed skin turgor return is a classic sign of dehydration.
- Which of the following sounds is characteristic of pneumothorax on auscultation? a) Diminished or absent breath sounds on one side b) Wheezing
b) Right upper quadrant c) Epigastrium d) Left lower quadrant b) Right upper quadrant The liver is primarily located in the right upper quadrant, just below the ribs.
- What does a positive straight leg raise test indicate? a) Lumbar radiculopathy or sciatica b) Hip arthritis c) Muscle strain d) Peripheral neuropathy a) Lumbar radiculopathy or sciatica Pain radiating down the leg during the straight leg raise suggests nerve root irritation.
- Which component of the neurological exam tests proprioception? a) Pinprick sensation b) Romberg test c) Deep tendon reflexes d) Cranial nerve exam b) Romberg test The Romberg test assesses proprioception and balance.
- What is the normal range for adult blood pressure? a) <120/80 mmHg b) <140/90 mmHg c) <160/100 mmHg d) <180/110 mmHg a) <120/80 mmHg This is considered the optimal blood pressure range.
- What is the normal capillary refill time? a) <1 second b) <2 seconds c) <3 seconds d) >3 seconds b) <2 seconds Capillary refill time under 2 seconds indicates adequate peripheral perfusion.
- Which of the following findings is consistent with congestive heart failure? a) Elevated jugular venous pressure b) Decreased breath sounds bilaterally c) Absent peripheral pulses d) Clear lung fields
b) Hearing lateralization The Weber test helps differentiate between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss.
- The normal angle of the nail base (Lovibond’s angle) is: a) 90 degrees b) 160 degrees c) 180 degrees d) 120 degrees b) 160 degrees An angle greater than 180 degrees suggests clubbing.
- What does the Allen test assess? a) Radial and ulnar artery patency b) Carotid artery stenosis c) Jugular venous pressure d) Peripheral edema a) Radial and ulnar artery patency The Allen test checks collateral circulation of the hand.
- Which test is used to assess meningeal irritation? a) Kernig’s sign b) Phalen’s test c) Romberg test d) Tinel’s sign
a) Kernig’s sign Kernig’s sign is positive in meningeal irritation such as meningitis.
- What is the correct order for examining the eye? a) Visual acuity, pupillary response, extraocular movements, fundoscopic exam b) Pupillary response, fundoscopic exam, visual acuity, extraocular movements c) Extraocular movements, visual acuity, pupillary response, fundoscopic exam d) Fundoscopic exam, visual acuity, pupillary response, extraocular movements a) Visual acuity, pupillary response, extraocular movements, fundoscopic exam This order assesses function before structure.
- What is the significance of unequal pupils that react briskly to light? a) Normal variant b) Oculomotor nerve palsy c) Horner syndrome d) Brain herniation a) Normal variant Physiologic anisocoria is common and usually benign if pupils react briskly.
b) Smooth, non-tender, and not palpable or barely palpable A normal thyroid is usually not palpable or barely palpable without tenderness.
- Which of the following indicates a positive Trendelenburg test? a) Pelvis drops on the side of the lifted leg b) Pelvis rises on the side of the lifted leg c) No change in pelvis height d) Pain in the hip joint a) Pelvis drops on the side of the lifted leg A positive Trendelenburg indicates weak hip abductor muscles on the stance leg side.
- Which of the following is a normal finding during breast examination? a) Firm, immobile mass b) Tenderness with nodularity during menstrual cycle c) Nipple discharge d) Skin dimpling b) Tenderness with nodularity during menstrual cycle Hormonal changes can cause cyclical breast tenderness and nodularity, which is normal.
- The Glasgow Coma Scale assesses: a) Mental status
b) Level of consciousness c) Cranial nerve function d) Muscle strength b) Level of consciousness GCS is used to assess and quantify a patient’s level of consciousness after brain injury.
- Which of the following reflexes is absent in a patient with a lower motor neuron lesion? a) Babinski reflex b) Deep tendon reflex c) Pupillary light reflex d) Corneal reflex b) Deep tendon reflex Lower motor neuron lesions result in diminished or absent deep tendon reflexes.
- What is the primary purpose of the Snellen chart? a) Assess peripheral vision b) Assess color vision c) Assess central visual acuity d) Assess pupillary response
b) Lymphadenopathy c) Branchial cleft cyst d) Carotid artery aneurysm a) Thyroid enlargement The thyroid moves up and down with swallowing due to its attachment to the trachea.
- What is the normal location to palpate the popliteal pulse? a) Behind the knee b) Medial ankle c) Lateral wrist d) Groin a) Behind the knee The popliteal artery lies posterior to the knee joint.
- Which test is used to evaluate for spinal nerve root compression? a) Straight leg raise b) Tinel’s sign c) Phalen’s test d) Allen test a) Straight leg raise The straight leg raise test stretches the sciatic nerve roots, reproducing radicular pain if compressed.
- What is the significance of cyanosis on physical examination? a) Hyperoxygenation b) Poor tissue oxygenation c) Dehydration d) Infection b) Poor tissue oxygenation Cyanosis results from increased deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood, indicating hypoxia.
