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NURS 606 MIDTERM EXAM 2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (100% CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS)
Before modifying a care plan to meet a patient's changing needs, the nurse's first action should be to: A. re-do the entire care plan B. focus only on the nursing diagnoses with moderate priority C. assess/reassess the patient's responses to interventions D. add more nursing interventions from a standardized plan of care - CORRECT ANSWER-C. assess/reassess the patient's responses to interventions True or False: Actual or potential health problems that can be prevented or resolved by dependent nursing intervention are termed nursing diagnoses. - CORRECT ANSWER-True Objective data is usually recorded: A. by body systems. B. after the assessment and plan. C. before the health history. D. in the problem list. - CORRECT ANSWER-A. by body systems The examiner's evaluation of a patient's mental status belongs in the: A. history of present illness. B. review of systems. C. physical examination. D. patient education. - CORRECT ANSWER-C. physical examination. Which following component is not related to the format of nursing diagnosis? A. Problem
B. Etiology C. Sign and Symptom D. Pain - CORRECT ANSWER-D. Pain Differential diagnoses belong in the: history. assessment. plan. laboratory data. - CORRECT ANSWER-Assessment Which of the following outcome statements contains the best example of performance criteria? The patient will Turn herself in bed frequently while awake Understand how to use crutches by Day 2 State that pain is decreased after being medicated Eat 75% of each meal without complaint of nausea - CORRECT ANSWER-Eat 75% of each meal without complaint of nausea True or False: Nursing assessments have the same components as medical assessment, but with less detail. - CORRECT ANSWER-False A patient tells the nurses that he is nervous, he is nauseated and he "feels hot". This type of data would be: objective reflective subjective introspective - CORRECT ANSWER-Subjective A 42 - year-old Asian patient is being seen at the clinic for an initial examination. The nurse knows that it is important to include cultural information in his health assessment to:
The nurse is performing a physical assessment on a newly admitted patient. An example of objective information obtained during the physical assessment includes the: Patient's history of allergies Patient's use of medications at home Last menstrual period 2x5 cm scar present on the right lower forearm - CORRECT ANSWER-2x5 cm scar present on the right lower forearm The review of systems is a component of the: Physical examination. Health history. Past medical/surgical history. Personal/social history. - CORRECT ANSWER-Health history True or False: Clearly identifying patient strengths and actual and potential problems is a part of the nursing process known as assessing. - CORRECT ANSWER-False A detailed description of the symptoms related to the chief concern is presented in the: History of present illness. Differential diagnosis. General patient information section. Past medical history. - CORRECT ANSWER-History of present illness. A patient presents with abdominal cramping. From the options below, which would be the most appropriate section document that the patient denies any diarrhea? Subjective: Review of systems section Objective section Assessment section Plan section - CORRECT ANSWER-Subjective: Review of systems section
True or False: A focused assessment is conduced to gather data abut a specific problem that has already been identify - CORRECT ANSWER-True New drug development is good at determining: efficacy safety side effects toxicity - CORRECT ANSWER-efficacy The student nurse asks the nursing instructor why he needs to take anatomy and physiology, as well as microbiology, when he only wants to learn about pharmacology. What is the best response by the instructor? "Because pharmacology is an outgrowth of those subjects" "You must learn all, since those subjects, as well as pharmacology, are part of the curriculum." "Knowledge of all those subjects will prepare you to provide the best patient care, including the administration of medications." "Because an understanding of those subjects is essential to understanding pharmacology." - CORRECT ANSWER-"Because an understanding of those subjects is essential to understanding pharmacology." When giving drugs by the intramuscular route, absorption depends upon: Amount of subcutaneous fat Blood flow to the site of injection Lipid solubility of the drug - CORRECT ANSWER-blood flow to the site of injection The first pass effect can cause a drug to be Eliminated from the body completely Inactivated before reaching the bloodstream Made more potent before being absorbed into the bloodstream - CORRECT ANSWER-Inactivated before reaching the bloodstream
50% - CORRECT ANSWER-25%
Drugs are available to exert their effect on the cell when they are Bound to albumin Dissolved in lipids Unbound to albumin (free) - CORRECT ANSWER-Unbound to albumin (free) Maximum efficacy refers to the: Minimal level needed to have an effect on most people Maximum effect a drug can produce Toxic level of a drug - CORRECT ANSWER-Maximum effect a drug can produce Elimination of drugs happens primarily via the GI tract Kidney Liver - CORRECT ANSWER-Kidney Oral distribution of drugs may vary in the neonate because of Decreased GI transit time Decreased GI surface area in relation to body weight Increased GI blood flow - CORRECT ANSWER-Decreased GI transit time Measuring a trough level of a drug may determine a change in the Dose Interval Route - CORRECT ANSWER-Interval Drugs that activate receptors and mimic the actions of the body's own regulatory molecules are called:
Agonists Antagonists Regulators - CORRECT ANSWER-Agonists The therapeutic index refers to the: Amount of drug that it takes to have an effect on the patient Level at which a drug will be toxic to most patients Ratio of the drug's lethal dose to it's effective dose - CORRECT ANSWER-Ratio of the drug's lethal dose to it's effective dose True or false: Clinical trials will determine any adverse effects of a drug before the drug is marketed to health care providers. - CORRECT ANSWER-False True or false: The more potent a drug is, the greater its maximum efficacy - CORRECT ANSWER-False True or false: Infants have the highest overall percentage of body water. - CORRECT ANSWER-True True or false: The two main intracellular fluid (ICF) compartments are the interstitial fluid contained in the nucleus and the intravascular fluid contained in the cell body. - CORRECT ANSWER-False What is the mechanism by which the energy produced from carbohydrates, proteins and lipids is transferred to adenosine triphosphate (ATP)? Anaerobic glycolysis Oxidative cellular metabolism Oxidative phosphorylation Tricarboxylic acid phosphorylation - CORRECT ANSWER-Oxidative phosphorylation True or false: Loss of sodium and gain of water can cause hyponatremia - CORRECT ANSWER-True In hypoxic injury, why does sodium enter the cell and cause swelling?
Passive transport - CORRECT ANSWER-Glycolysis Low plasma albumin causes edema as a result of a reduction in which pressure? Capillary hydrostatic pressure Interstitial hydrostatic pressure Capillary oncotic pressure Interstitial oncotic pressure - CORRECT ANSWER-Capillary oncotic pressure True or false: Nondividing cells, such as myocardial fibers, are capable of hypertrophy, but not hyperplasia. - CORRECT ANSWER-True What is the single most common cause of cellular injury? Hypoxic injury Chemical injury Infectious injury Genetic injury - CORRECT ANSWER-Hypoxic injury True or false: Movement of water from the ICF to the ECF is primarily accomplished by active transport.
- CORRECT ANSWER-False During cell injury caused by hypoxia, why is there an increase in the osmotic pressure within the cell? Because plasma proteins enter the cell Because the ATPase-driven pump is stronger during hypoxia Because sodium chloride enters the cell Because there is an influx of glucose through the injured cell membranes - CORRECT ANSWER-Because sodium chloride enters the cell True or false: The function of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is to store energy in molecules of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, but not to transfer energy from one molecule to another. - CORRECT ANSWER-False
Which cells, if any, lose their ability to replicate and divide? None; all cells have the ability to replicate and divide. Cells of the lung and intestinal tract Cells of the skin Cells of the lens of the eye and skeletal muscle - CORRECT ANSWER-Cells of the lens of the eye and skeletal muscle How is insulin used to treat hyperkalemia? Insulin stimulates sodium to be removed from the cell in exchange for potassium. Insulin binds to potassium to remove it through the kidneys. Insulin transports potassium from the blood to the cell along with glucose. Insulin breaks down the chemical components of potassium so that it is no longer effective. - CORRECT ANSWER-Insulin transports potassium from the blood to the cell along with glucose. The movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes into the interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary is an example of which process of fluid movement? Hydrostatic pressure Osmosis Diffusion Active transport - CORRECT ANSWER-Hydrostatic pressure During acidosis, the body compensates for the increase in hydrogen ions in the blood by shifting hydrogen ions into the cell in exchange for which electrolyte? Oxygen Sodium Potassium Magnesium - CORRECT ANSWER-Potassium During ischemia, what effect does the loss of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level have on cells?
True or false: Prenatal Screening can be used to rule out fetal abnormalities. - CORRECT ANSWER-False True or false: Th number of chromosomes divides in half during the process of meiosis. - CORRECT ANSWER-True A mother calls the clinic and tells the nurse that her 4 - month-old baby has a fever. The mother asks if she can use the liquid acetaminophen (Tylenol) that is used for her 10 - year-old child. What is the best response by the nurse? "Infants should not have acetaminophen (Tylenol) because it damages the liver." "It is best if the pediatrician is called; he can be asked this question." "It is fine to use the same medicine for both children." "Infant drops should be used for the baby; they are different from liquid medicine." - CORRECT ANSWER-"Infant drops should be used for the baby; they are different from liquid medicine." The nurse conducts group education for clients with seasonal allergies, and teaches about the role of histamine. The nurse evaluates that the education has been effective when the clients make which statement? "Histamine is inhibited by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). "Histamine dilates the vessels in the nose, so it is congested and stuffy." "Histamine constricts vessels, causing capillaries to become more permeable." "Histamine is primarily stored in phagocyte cells in the skin." - CORRECT ANSWER-"Histamine dilates the vessels in the nose, so it is congested and stuffy." The patient has experienced a sports-related injury. He asks the nurse how long it will take for him to heal and feel better. What is the best response by the nurse? "With proper care, it will take about a month for symptoms to resolve." "It will depend on your response to the medications." "It will take about a week and a half for symptoms to resolve." "The inflammatory process is too complex to predict a time frame for healing." - CORRECT ANSWER-"It will take about a week and a half for symptoms to resolve."
The patient receives prednisone as treatment for his inflammatory disease. He has experienced great relief and asks the nurse if he can just keep taking this medication. What is the best response by the nurse? "No, because this medication has serious adverse effects." "No, your doctor said the best treatment for your illness is to alternate medications." "No, your body would get used to it and it would lose its effectiveness." "No, because your illness is in remission and you don't need medication now." - CORRECT ANSWER-"No, because this medication has serious adverse effects." The nurse teaches a group of patients with arthritis about the use of ibuprofen (Motrin), emphasizing the maximum daily amount. The nurse evaluates that education has been most effective when the patients make which statement? "We cannot take over 4,000 mg/day." "We cannot take over 3,600 mg/day." "We cannot take over 3,2 00 mg/day." "We cannot take over 3,000 mg/day." - CORRECT ANSWER-"We cannot take over 3,200 mg/day." The patient has been taking hydrocortisone (Cortef) for a month, and abruptly stops it. What will the best assessment by the nurse include? Fatigue and anorexia Hyperglycemia and depression Hyperglycemia and depression Tachycardia and weight gain - CORRECT ANSWER-Fatigue and anorexia Which of the following is a common adverse effect of anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen? Diarrhea Palpitation Heartburn Hypotension - CORRECT ANSWER-Heartburn
Disrupt cell lining. - CORRECT ANSWER-Lead to the ability of organisms to Cause infection. The nurse teaches patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) about the importance of taking their medications as prescribed. What does the nurse recognize as the primary factor for medication noncompliance in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) population? The necessity of having to take multiple medications throughout the day A lack of understanding for the reason to take the medications The weight gain associated with the medications The difficulty with availability of medications to treat acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) - CORRECT ANSWER-The necessity of having to take multiple medications throughout the day The client asks the nurse why there aren't better drugs for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection when so much money is spent on research. What is the best response by the nurse? "Developing new drugs is difficult because we still do not have enough money." "Developing new drugs is difficult because the virus mutates so readily." "Developing new drugs is difficult because people think acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a 'gay' disease." "Developing new drugs is difficult because we still do not understand the virus." - CORRECT ANSWER- "Developing new drugs is difficult because the virus mutates so readily." In understanding the difference between normal cells and cancer cells, the nurse knows that cancer is the result of: Cell division occurring extensively in normal cells. Cell division occurring via controlled cell division. Suppressor genes stopping cell growth for cell division. Suppressor genes continuing cell growth for cell division. - CORRECT ANSWER-Suppressor genes stopping cell growth for cell division. The main mechanism of action of alkylating agents is: They stimulate the body's immune system. Unknown.
They change the shape of the DNA double helix and prevent nucleic acid from completing normal cell division. They disrupt metabolic pathways. - CORRECT ANSWER-They change the shape of the DNA double helix and prevent nucleic acid from completing normal cell division. A patient states, "I get so sick to my stomach after chemotherapy. Why can't they just put it directly into my tumor?" Which nursing response is indicated? "There is no technology available to directly place chemotherapy in a tumor." "These are such strong medications that they would eat up your tissues." "That type of therapy does exist, but it does not work for your particular type of cancer." "I know you get sick, but the nausea and vomiting is not severe and passes quickly." - CORRECT ANSWER-"That type of therapy does exist, but it does not work for your particular type of cancer." The nurse completes medication education for the client receiving antihistamines. The nurse evaluates that learning has occurred when the client makes which statement? "I can still have my after-dinner drink." "I need to increase fluids while taking this medication." "This medication is safe because it is sold over-the-counter (OTC)." "This medication could make me very sleepy." - CORRECT ANSWER-"This medication could make me very sleepy." True or false: Benign and malignant tumors are composed of parenchymal cells and connective tissue. - CORRECT ANSWER-True True or false: Chronic inflammation is self-perpetuating and may last for weeks, months or even years. - CORRECT ANSWER-True
