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NURS 6030 Patho Exam 2 Questions and Answers: Immune System and Inflammation, Exams of Nursing

Marquette University (MU)Nursing

A comprehensive set of questions and answers related to the immune system and inflammation, covering key concepts such as the actions of white blood cells, types of immunity, bacterial replication, viral damage, and the inflammatory process. It is a valuable resource for students studying immunology and pathology, offering insights into the mechanisms of host defense and disease.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 01/04/2025

bryanryan
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NURS 6030 Patho Exam 2 Questions With Complete
Solutions
Actions of white blood cells in inflammation - capillary
permeability Correct Answers 1. Margination, stick to
endothelium
2. Diapedesis, stick a foot out into the tissue
3. Migration, move out of blood vessels
4. Chemotaxis, go to injury site
active acquired immunity Correct Answers a form of immunity
where the body makes antibodies against a particular disease
Acute Correct Answers New, usually of rapid onset and of
concern, opposite of chronic
Acute inflammation response: Correct Answers - Liver
Plasma derived mediators
Acute phase proteins (fever, inflammation)
Factor XII (Hageman factor) activation
Clotting, kinin system (bradykinin)
Complement proteins
Activation of complement system
Agglutination Correct Answers clumping of red blood cells;
clumping insoluble particles that are in suspension
Bacteria: how they replicate and survive the immune system
Correct Answers Overcome host defenses:
1. Biofilm
2. Adherence: stick to bladder cells and cause UTI
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Download NURS 6030 Patho Exam 2 Questions and Answers: Immune System and Inflammation and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

NURS 6030 Patho Exam 2 Questions With Complete Solutions Actions of white blood cells in inflammation - capillary permeability Correct Answers 1. Margination, stick to endothelium

  1. Diapedesis, stick a foot out into the tissue
  2. Migration, move out of blood vessels
  3. Chemotaxis, go to injury site active acquired immunity Correct Answers a form of immunity where the body makes antibodies against a particular disease Acute Correct Answers New, usually of rapid onset and of concern, opposite of chronic Acute inflammation response: Correct Answers - Liver Plasma derived mediators Acute phase proteins (fever, inflammation) Factor XII (Hageman factor) activation Clotting, kinin system (bradykinin) Complement proteins Activation of complement system Agglutination Correct Answers clumping of red blood cells; clumping insoluble particles that are in suspension Bacteria: how they replicate and survive the immune system Correct Answers Overcome host defenses:
  4. Biofilm
  5. Adherence: stick to bladder cells and cause UTI
  1. Encapsulation (TB)
  2. Mutation
  3. Enzyme production
  4. Slime production Bacteria: how they replicate and survive the immune system Correct Answers Prokaryotic, unicellular (1 chromosome + plasmids) (gram negative (red), gram positive (blue b/c of lipid layer), cocci (spherical shape), pili (allow to attach) cell lysis Correct Answers rupturing membranes of foreign cells Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) Correct Answers - Lymphocytes are programmed to attack non-self cells to protect the body -T-cells kill targets directly or stimulate the activity of other leukocytes. Cells Cell derived mediators Correct Answers -Preformed mediators · Mast cells (histamine) · Platelets (serotonin) · Neutrophils macrophages (lysosomal enzymes) Cells Newly synthesized Correct Answers Leukocytes, prostaglandins Leukocytes macrophages (free radicals) Macrophages, lymphocytes, endothelial cells (cytokines)

-Chemokines Stimulate migration of WBC Cytokines: Regulate immune response Tumor necrosis factor Correct Answers -Tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha) Multiple inflammatory effects Works with IL- Cytokines: Regulate immune response, affect both innate & adaptive immunity Interleukins (IL-1, IL-6) Correct Answers -Interleukins (IL-1, IL-6) Mediators of inflammation, produce fever, chemotaxis Defenses against viruses: Correct Answers -Antibodies -Cellular immunity (cytotoxic t cells) -Interferons Differentiate between the humoral vs the cellular response Correct Answers Cellular immunity (T cells) - defense against viruses, fungi, mutant cancer cells Humoral immunity (antibodies) - important in defense against bacteria Host Correct Answers supporting organism on which a parasite lives

How do phagocytes (name some) recognize foreign cells/microorganisms? Correct Answers Targeted by antibody or C3b Neutrophils humoral response Correct Answers divided into two phases, primary and secondary. These differ in the relative amounts of IgG produced—the secondary response having a much higher proportion of IgG relative to IgM. The two responses also differ in the speed with which each occurs after antigen challenge— the secondary response being much more rapid than the primary response because of the presence of memory cells in the secondary phase. IgA Correct Answers immunoglobulin A body secretions saliva, bronchial secretions, 4 binding sites IgA Correct Answers mucosal immunity body secretions, ex. saliva IgD antibodies Correct Answers -located on B cell membranes where they act as antigen receptors -not much known B cell maturation IgE antibodies, Immunoglobulin E antibody Correct Answers - bind to mast cells and basophils and are involved in allergic reactions -allergy response binds to mast cells which release histamine IgG antibodies Correct Answers majority of circulating antibodies , 2 binding sites

Mast cell release/synthesize what substances? Correct Answers Histamine (eosinophils) Mycosis: Correct Answers infection with a fungus Neutralization Clump cells Correct Answers inactivating or blocking the binding of an antigen to a receptor Opportunistic: Correct Answers cause disease in immunocompromised host Pathogen: Correct Answers virulent organisms Precipitation Correct Answers -Making a soluble antigen into an insoluble precipitate of infectious agents or their toxic products -Inhaled or swallowed follows precipitation primary response Correct Answers first time the immune system combats a particular foreign substance

  • naïve B cells --> activated B cells Prions Correct Answers -Protein particles that lack a genome, transmissible neurodegenerative diseases (mad cow disease), replication is not understood, amyloid plaque
  1. Slow progressive degeneration of nerves
  2. Amyloid plaque --> nervous system
  3. No treatment Process of inflammation: Coagulation system & Kinin system:

Step 2 Study Guide Response Correct Answers -Coagulation system: Activated by tissue collagen Hemostasis Walls off infection -Kinin system: Activated by injury path Produces bradykinin, vasodilation, vascular permeability Process of inflammation: containment and destruction of pathogens not the study guide version Correct Answers 2) containment and destruction of pathogens prevent the pathogens from spreading throughout the body

fibrinogen filters into tissue fluid clots, forms sticky mesh that walls off microbes heparin prevents clotting neutrophils (chief enemy of bacteria) accumulate at injury site w/in the hour (exhibit chemotaxis after leaving bloodstream) Process of inflammation: Mobilization of defenses not the study guide version Correct Answers 1)mobilization of body defenses - most immediate requirement for dealing with tissue injury is to get the defensive leukocytes to the site quickly local hyperemia - increase bloodflow beyond normal vasoactive chemicals dilate local blood vessels selectins - cell-adhesion molecules aid in the recruitment of leukocytes Process of inflammation: Tissue Clean Up

Causing infected cells to become malignant Virulence: Correct Answers potential to produce disease Virus: steps of virus invasion, impact of virus replication on host cell; How do viruses evade our immune system (i.e. what happens to the influenza virus each year)? Correct Answers - Small intracellular pathogen -Simple organism with no organelles -Basic structure, viron, contains nucleic acid protected by a capsid ----> enclosed by a lipoprotein envelope What are the mechanical/chemical barriers known as the 'first' line of defense? what type of immunity is it? Correct Answers - Innate Immunity - before exposure Epithelial barrier Inflammatory response with phagocytic neutrophils and macrophages Natural killer cells Complement system What are the names of the cells, what do they do? Correct Answers 1. Monocytes: arrive after 24 hours, macrophage precursors

  1. Macrophages: ingest organisms and debris (activated adaptive immunity)
  2. Eosinophils: regulate histamine
  3. Basophils: allergy response
  4. Natural killer cells: eliminate infected cells
  5. Platelets: release inflammatory cytokines

What do antibodies do to help destroy an invader? Correct Answers Function:

  1. Cell lysis
  2. Clump cells (neutralization
  3. Agglutination
  4. Precipitation
  5. Inhaled or swallowed What do these substances do? How are mast cells activated? Correct Answers Physical injury Toxins, venoms, enzymes Immunoglobins, anaphylatoxins Bacteria & viruses What is active acquired immunity? Correct Answers Immune systems response to antibodies Active - permanent What is cell-mediated immunity? What cell plays an important role? Correct Answers Normal MHC cells can be transformed --> antigen is presented by APC --> helper T Cells --> product cytokines (IL-1 and IL-2) --> B cells response -T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity Why viruses are successful: Correct Answers -Rapid replication (faster than immune system can respond) -Intracellular survival (hide inside cells) -Antigenic variation (change the antigens on their membranes so immune system can not recognize them) -Immune suppression