Download NURS 6030 Exam 1 Questions and Answers: Key Concepts in Human Physiology and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
NURS 6030 Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions 1 liter=? pounds Correct Answers 2.2 pounds absolute refractory period Correct Answers period of time following an action potential during which no additional action potential can be evoked regardless of the level of stimulation action potential Correct Answers sudden change in resting membrane potential, triggered by electrical or chemical stimuli. depolarization--Na+ rush in repolarization--Na+ channels close, K+ rush out *Na+/K+ pump restores balance of electrolytes ADH acts to... Correct Answers increase water permeability of distal tubules and collecting duct aerobic metabolism Correct Answers presence of oxygen, pyruvic acid is converted to acetyl-CoA in the mitochondria, then ETC; generates a net 34 ATP aldosterone Correct Answers causes increased sodium reabsorption into blood, increasing osmolality, causing water to enter blood and equalize concentration alleles Correct Answers different forms of the same gene anaerobic metabolism Correct Answers glycolytic pathway which occurs in cytoplasm, utilizes glucose; oxygen isn't present, so pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid; produces 2 ATP
angiotensin II Correct Answers causes vasoconstriction leading to increased BP; causes release of aldosterone apoptosis Correct Answers programmed cell death to remove injured, worn out cells; phagocytes will engulf cell fragments; carried out by proteolytic enzymes (caspases) atrophy Correct Answers decrease in cell size, number of cells unchanged; promotes cell survival by decreasing energy requirements; caused by disuse, denervation, ischemia etc. autosomal dominant Correct Answers single mutant allele is transmitted to offspring; 50% chance of transferring autosomal recessive Correct Answers both chromosomes must possess mutant allele to display disease; heterozygous is a carrier; all offspring will be carrier cell membrane Correct Answers semipermeable membrane/ lipid bilayer which separates intra/extracellular environment, provides receptors for hormones, conducts electric currents, enables cell to cell recognition cytoplasm Correct Answers colloid solution inside cell which surrounds organelles cytoskeleton Correct Answers maintains cell shape using microtubules and microfilaments
homozygous Correct Answers both parts of a gene pair are identical how many pairs of chromosomes per autosomal cell? Correct Answers 23 pairs hydrostatic pressure Correct Answers pushing force of water against cell membrane/vessel wall; blood pressure created by force of pumping heart; "capillary filtration pressure"; arterial pressure hyperplasia Correct Answers increase in number of cells, caused by activation of genes controlling cell proliferation; ex: healing/regeneration, hormonal stimulation, virus/warts hypertrophy Correct Answers increase in cell size, when cells cannot increase their numbers; stimulus increasing cell workload, ex: myocardial hypertrophy in LV hypoxic cell injury Correct Answers lack of oxygen interrupts oxidative metabolism and the generation of ATP; heart, brain, and kidneys will be damaged quickly; causes acute cell swelling, cell membrane damage, decrease protein synthesis iatrogenic Correct Answers disease resulting from a specific medical treatment impaired calcium homeostasis Correct Answers if cell membrane is damaged, calcium will freely enter the cell; increased intracellular calcium will activate enzymes causing further cell damage
incidence Correct Answers the number of diagnoses within a time period lysosomes Correct Answers use digestive enzymes to break down cell parts and foreign substances metaplasia Correct Answers replacement of one type of cell by another which can better survive the new environment; reprogramming undifferentiated cells; ex: smoking causes replacement of bronchial epithelial cells by squamous cell mitochondria Correct Answers power plants of cell, transform organic compounds into ATP, self-replicating, regulate apoptosis morbidity Correct Answers effects of an illness on the patient's life mortality Correct Answers number of persons who die from a condition natriuretic hormone acts to... Correct Answers produced by cardiac muscle and released when muscle stretches; inhibits release of renin, aldosterone, ADH to decrease blood volume/pressure; serum marker for CHF necrosis Correct Answers cell death to a tissue or organ; loss of cell membrane activity and enzymatic breakdown of cell parts; liquefaction or coagulation
primary prevention Correct Answers interventions which prevent disease from occurring proteasome Correct Answers function as "quality control" of the cell, programmed cell death punnet square Correct Answers be able to perform an example cross and give %'s relative refractory period Correct Answers period of time following an action potential during which another action potential can only be evoked by a stimuli stronger than usual renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system Correct Answers with decreased blood volume or pressure, blood will be shunted away from kidney; cells in nephron sense decreased GFR and release renin; will eventually lead to increased BP and volume reperfusion injury Correct Answers occurs when oxygen is restored to ischemic tissue ribosomes Correct Answers site of protein synthesis rough ER Correct Answers covered in ribosomes and is responsible for the synthesis and transport of proteins and glycoproteins secondary prevention Correct Answers interventions which detect a disease early on
serum marker of cell injury would be... Correct Answers cell contents or enzymes--troponin, CPK, LDH, AST, ALT, myoglobin etc. smooth ER Correct Answers does not have ribosomes attached, major site of lipid synthesis sympathetic nervous system activation involves... Correct Answers vascular constriction (decrease blood flow to kidney, decreasing GFR, releasing renin), pupil dilation, increase in attention, arousal and memory, hand/feet sweat teratogens Correct Answers radiation, chemicals, drugs, infectious agents; can cause the most damage during the embryonic stage of fetal development tertiary prevention Correct Answers interventions which prevent further deterioration types of cell injury Correct Answers intracellular accumulations, tissue calcification, physical agents, chemical exposure, infections x-linked Correct Answers mutation of the X chromosome, males don't have a backup so they will display disease, women have a back up chromosome so usually aren't affected
