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NURS 6015 Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions _ involves drug actions on target cells and the resulting alterations in cellular biochemical reactions and functions Correct Answers pharmacodynamics __ __ is bone marrow suppression caused by drug effects it occurs when drugs can cause cell death Correct Answers blood dyscrasia __ actions of the drug are effects that the drug causes in the body that are not related to the therapeutic effect Correct Answers secondary __ affects the amount of a drug that reaches reactive tissues. very little of an __ dose of a drug actually reaches reactive sites Correct Answers pharmacokinetics __ are most associated with GI irritation and bleeding Correct Answers NSAIDS __ are packets of digestive enzymes located in the cell cytoplasm these enzymes are responsible for destroying injured or nonfunctioning parts of the cell and for promoting cellular disintegration when the cell dies Correct Answers lysosomes __ are the basis of two types of cells lymphocytes and myelocytes Correct Answers leukocytes __ block prostaglandin activity Correct Answers salicylates (aspirin)
__ block prostaglandin synthesis Correct Answers NSAIDS __ can cause serious liver toxicity Correct Answers acetaminophen __ causes vasodilation and heat release lowering fever and working to relieve pain Correct Answers acetaminophen __ drugs act on cells to cause cell death or alteration all properties of the drug that can affect cells should be considered when administering a __ agent Correct Answers chemotherapeutic, chemotherapeutic __ drugs are chemical that have been discovered to have some therapeutic effect but that are not financially advantageous for development into drugs Correct Answers orphan __ drugs are drugs that have been discovered but that are not financially viable because they have a limited market or a narrow margin of safety. these drugs may have then been adopted for development by a drug company in exchange for tax incentives Correct Answers orphan __ drugs cannot be absorbed in the acidic stomach pass through the pyloric sphincter into the first part of the small intestine and are absorbed there Correct Answers alkaline __ drugs commonly cause stomatitis because they are toxic to rapidly turning over cells such as those in the mucous membranes of the mouth Correct Answers antineoplastic
__ reactions can occur when a persons body makes antibodies to a drug or drug protein. if a person is exposed to that drug at another time a ___ response may occur. Correct Answers allergic, immune __ reactions to a drug are individual reactions that may be caused by increased sensitivity to the drugs therapeutic or adverse effects Correct Answers hypersensitivity ___ __ are very important in the functioning of neurons, muscle cells, endocrine glands, another cell types and they play a very important role in clinical pharmacology Correct Answers receptor sites ___ a drug used to treat anxiety is associated with an itchy, red rash and in some patients has caused a serious and potentially fatal skin reactions, stevens-johnson syndrome Correct Answers meprobamate (generic) ___ actions of the drug can be extensions of the desired effect Correct Answers primary ___ agents work to destroy cells at various phases of their cycle. these drugs are prescribed to kill cancer cells that are growing in the body Correct Answers antineoplastic ___ antibiotics are toxic to rapidly dividing cells Correct Answers antineoplastic ___ are sites of protein production within the cell cytoplasm the specific proteins produced by a cell are determined by the
genetic material within the cell nucleus Correct Answers ribosomes ___ are the key components of the immune system. they consist of T cells, B cells and natural killer cells Correct Answers lymphocytes ___ are widespread within smooth muscle of the body including airway. when __ receptors are activated the smooth muscle of the airway relaxes and the airway dilates Correct Answers beta 2 adrenoceptors for both ___ block prostaglandin synthesis at the cox1 and cox 2 sites. this blocks inflammation but also blocks protection of the stomach lining as well as the kidneys regulation of water Correct Answers NSAIDS ___ can cause acidosis and eight cranial nerve damage Correct Answers salicylates (aspirin) ___ can occur with high levels of aspirin dizziness, ringing in the ears, difficult hearing, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, mental confusion and lassitude Correct Answers salicylic ___ caused by bone marrow suppression of blood forming cells Correct Answers blood dyscrasias ___ causes vasodilation and heat release lowering fever and working to relieve pain but does not have the anti-inflammatory effects Correct Answers acetaminophen
___ is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles Correct Answers potassium ___ is the major process through which drugs are absorbed into the body Correct Answers passive diffusion ___ is very important in metabolizing drugs in the body and the ___ are responsible for the large part of excretion of drugs from the body Correct Answers liver, kidney ___ on the cell membrane surface can act as either receptor sites for specific substances or as histocompatibility markers that identify the cell as a self cell Correct Answers proteins ___ one of the most commonly used drugs is often linked to auditory ringing and eighth cranial nerve effects Correct Answers aspirin ___ receptors are located specifically within the heart when activated the heart rate increases Correct Answers Beta 1 adrenoceptors ___ works in the body to decrease inflammation and to relieve the signs and symptoms of inflammation such as pain, swelling, heat, tenderness and redness Correct Answers aspirin _____ infections caused by destruction of protective normal flora bacteria Correct Answers superinfections
___- involve testing of potential drugs on laboratory animals to determine their therapeutic and adverse effects Correct Answers preclinical trials __- occurs due to an increase in circulating neutrophils and eosinophils Correct Answers leukocytosis A 44-year-old man has come to the clinic with an asthma exacerbation. He tells the nurse that his father and brother also suffer from asthma, as does his 15-year-old son. The nurse explains that this is an allergic response based on a genetic predisposition. The specific allergen initiated by immunological mechanisms is usually mediated by immunoglobulin: Correct Answers E A 56-year-old client, discharged from the hospital following a successful kidney transplant, is prescribed antirejection drug therapy. When performing health education with the client and the client's family, which topic should the nurse emphasize? Correct Answers strategies for reducing the clients risk of infection a client asks the nurse what cancer cell growth is called. what would the nurse tell the client Correct Answers proliferation a client calls the nurse and explains that he is experiencing hives after taking a new antibiotic. choose the best action by the RN. Correct Answers stop taking the medication
finding would indicate a therapeutic effect of this medication Correct Answers absence of nausea a client is experiencing a reaction to the PCN injection that the nurse administered 1/2 hours ago the nurse is concerned that it might be an anaphylactic reaction what signs and symptoms would validate her suspicion Correct Answers rapid heart rate diaphoresis hypotension rash client report of a panicky feeling a client is experiencing a serum sickness reaction to a recent rubella vaccination which of the following interventions would be appropriate when caring for this client Correct Answers - cool environment -positioning to provide comfort -ice to joints as needed -administration of anti-inflammatory agents a client is experiencing an inflammatory response following an injury what assessment finding would confirm the role of thromboxanes in the inflammatory process Correct Answers bleeding has stopped at the injury site a client is four months pregnant she works in the chemical unit of a research department and is responsible for handling various chemicals. her gyno advised her not to expose herself to chemical or industrial vapors and specific drugs these restrictions are advised because exposure to industrial vapors
could Correct Answers damage the immature nervous system of the fetus a client is on antibiotic therapy for an axillary abscess. the client has been outside working in the yard and observes a rash everywhere that is not covered by clothing. what should the client be told about this finding Correct Answers the client is having photosensitivity and this can occur even with brief exposure to the sun or UV rays a client is receiving an antineoplastic medication for treatment of breast cancer and being shaving tonic-clonic seizure activity what type of toxicity does the nurse recognize that this client is experiencing Correct Answers neurotoxicity a client is receiving antibiotics for treatment of infection. the nurse should assess for what potential indications of superinfection Correct Answers fever glossitis (swollen and red tongue) a client taking a beta blocker for hypertension tells the nurse he no longer take the medications because it is causing an inability for him to maintain an erection. what is the best explanation for this issue by the nurse Correct Answers this is an expected adverse effect of the medication but it is very important that you continue to take it we can talk about other methods for sexual expression a client who is being treated for cancer developed a serum sickness reaction. the care team has been notified, and the client
a drug enters the gastrointestinal tract by Correct Answers moving through the mouth and moves into the stomach through the esophagus once in the stomach the drug dissolves a group of students are reviewing class material about lymphoid tissue the students demonstrate a need for additional teaching when they identify this as lymphoid tissue Correct Answers histamine a large percentage of an oral dose is destroyed when it reaches the liver and never reaches the tissues this phenomenon is known as the Correct Answers first pass effect a large percentage of the oral dose is usually destroyed and never reaches tissues. oral dosages account for this phenomenon Correct Answers to ensure an appropriate amount of the drug in the body to produce a therapeutic action a nurse assess a client and notes an area that is reddened and warm the nurse understands that these findings are related to Correct Answers vasodilation a nurse demonstrates the need for using isotonic solutions based on the understanding that if hypertonic solution was used what would happen to the cells Correct Answers shrink a nurse educator who coordinates the staff education on an oncology unit is conducting an inservice on targeted therapies. what potential benefit of targeted therapies should the nurse highlight in this education session? Correct Answers targeted
therapies have the potential to damage cancerous cells while leaving normal body cells less affected a nurse is administering gentamicin and antibiotic that is ototoxic which report or sign would indicate that the client is suffering from ototoxicity Correct Answers buzzing or ringing sound in the ear tinnitus a nurse is assigned to care for a client with a respiratory problem in a health care facility. what should a nurse consider in an expected outcome for a client undergoing drug therapy Correct Answers maximum level of wellness that is reasonably attainable for the client a nurse is giving a medication. What should the nurse do first? Correct Answers assess the client for allergies a parent has sought care for the nurse practitioner to treat a child fever the nurse practitioner is most likely to recommend what nonsalicylate drug Correct Answers acetaminophen a patient asks what generic drugs are and if he should be using them to treat his infeciton which of the following statements should be included in the nurses explanation Correct Answers
- a generic drug is a drug that is sold by the name of the ingredient, not the brand name
- generic drugs are not available until the patent expires on a specific drug
- generic drugs are usually cheaper than the well known brand names, and some insurance companies require that you receive the generic drug if one is available
these effects can be caused by Correct Answers individual response to the drug, high or low body weight, or underlying pathology that alters the effects of the drug a patient taking glyburide an anti diabetic drug has his morning dose and then does not have a chance to eat for several hours an adverse effect that might be expected from this would be Correct Answers hypoglycemia a patients __ helps to determine whether the recommended drug dose is appropriate Correct Answers weight A student states, "It seems like helper T cells do a lot more than just 'help' the cellular immunity process". Which response about CD4+ helper T cells best conveys an aspect of their role in immunity? Correct Answers they do play a major role in stimulating and regulating the whole process a woman has had repeated bouts of bronchitis throughout the fall and has been taking antibiotics she calls the clinic with complaints of vaginal pain and itching when she is seen it is discovered that she has developed a yeast infection you understand that Correct Answers she has developed a superinfection because the antibiotics kill bacteria that normally provide protection absorption Correct Answers what happens to a drug from the time it enters the body until it enters the circulating fluid, intravenous administration causes the drug to directly enter the circulating blood bypassing the many complications of absorption from other routes
absorption involves Correct Answers moving a drug into the body for circulation oral drugs are absorbed from the small intestine, undergo many changes, and are affected by many things in the process. Iv drugs are injected directly into the circulation and do not need additional absorption absorption refers to Correct Answers the transport of drugs across the membranes of mucosal cells in the gastrointestinal tract Absorption refers to Correct Answers what happens to a drug from the time it is introduced to the body until it reaches the circulating fluids and tissues drugs can be absorbed from many different areas in the body through the GI tract either orally or rectally through mucous membranes through the skin, through the lung, or through muscle or subcutaneous tissues Acebutolol hydrochloride is a Correct Answers beta 1 selective adrenergic blocking agent acetaminophen actions Correct Answers acts directly on hypothalamus to cause vasodilation and sweating which will reduce fever mechanisms of action as analgesic is not understood acetaminophen can cause __ failure Correct Answers liver acetaminophen indications Correct Answers treatment of mild to moderate pain, fever, or signs and symptoms of the common
adverse effects Correct Answers drug effects, sometimes called side effects that are not the desired therapeutic effects may be unpleasant or even dangerous adverse effects associated with antineoplastic therapy include Correct Answers effects caused by damage to the rapidly multiplying cells such as bone marrow suppression, which may limit the drug use; GI toxicity with nausea vomiting mouth sores and diarrhea and alopecia or hair loss adverse effects frequently encountered with the use of antineoplastic antibiotics include Correct Answers bone marrow suppression, with leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, pancytopenia secondary effects -toxic GI effects nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, and mucous membrane deterioration -may include renal or hepatic toxicity adverse effects of acetaminophen Correct Answers rash fever chest pain liver toxicity and failure bone marrow suppression adverse effects of ASA Correct Answers nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort diarrhea constipation drowsiness dizziness blurred vision headache
adverse effects of NSAIDS Correct Answers headache, dizziness, somnolence, fatigue, rash, nausea, dyspepsia, bleeding, constipation after a drug is approved for marketing it enters a phase of continual evaluation or Correct Answers phase iv study after teaching a group of students about arachidonic acid the instructor determines that additional teaching is needed when the students identify which substance as being released to this acid Correct Answers bradykinin age related physiological change result in Correct Answers overall risk of adverse drug effects all cells progress through a cell cycle which allows them to Correct Answers reproduce all of the orally taken drug might not be dissolved what are other ways drugs can be absorbed Correct Answers -they may bind to intestinal content preventing them from passing through the membranes of mucous cells -they may be eaten/broken by bacteria in the ileum and colon although the brain is fairly well protected from many drug effects by the blood brain barrier some drugs do affect neurological functioning either Correct Answers directly or by altering electrolyte or glucose levels An 11-year-old client is having a cavity filled in the left mandibular first molar. The health care provider has prescribed
