Download NURS 5334 UTA Advanced Pharmacology (Pharmacology 5334) Module 2 exam with answers and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
NURS |! 5334 |! UTA |! Advanced |! Pharmacology |!
(Pharmacology |! 5334) |! Module |! 2 |! exam |! with |!
verified |! detailed |! answers
Treatment |! of |! choice |! for |! oral |! therapy |! of |! UTI's |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔TMP/SMZ |! for |! 3 |! days; |! Nitrofurantoin |! for |! 5 |! days Second |! line |! drugs |! for |! UTI |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Ciprofloxacin |! and |! levofloxacin |! for |! 3 |! days Nitrofurantoin |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Urinary |! tract |! antiseptic Nitrofurantoin |! uses |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Lower |! UTI's; |! prophylaxis; |! recurrent |! lower |! UTI's. |! (not |! absorbed |! systemically: |! cannot |! be |! used |! for |! anything |! in |! the |! kidneys) Nitrofurantoin |! adverse |! effects |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔GI |! effects; |! pulmonary |! reactions; |! hematologic |! effects; |! peripheral |! neuropathy |! (demyelination |! and |! nerve |! degeneration |! can |! occur |! and |! may |! be |! irreversible); |! hepatotoxicity; |! birth |! defects Methenamine |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Decomposes |! to |! formaldehyde |! and |! ammonia; |! used |! for |! chronic |! lower |! UTI's; |! contraindicated |! in |! renal |! and |! liver |!
failure; |! drug |! interactions |! - |! urinary |! alkalinizers, |! which |! reduce |! effects, |! sulfonamides |! pose |! risk |! for |! crystalluria Acute |! cystitis |! treatment |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Single |! dose |! therapy: |! fosfomycin; |! short-course |! therapy: |! TMP/SMZ |! for |! 3 |! days; |! conventional |! therapy: |! nitrofurantoin |! for |! 7 |! days Acute |! uncomplicated |! pyelonephritis |! treatment |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔First |! line: |! TMP/SMZ, |! ciprofloxacin, |! and |! levofloxacin |! for |! 10-14 |! days; |! second |! line: |! augmentin, |! cephalexin Complicated |! UTI |! treatment |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔TMP/SMZ |! for |! 7-14 |! days, |! ciprofloxacin |! for |! 7-14 |! days, |! levofloxacin |! for |! 5-14 |! days, |! augmentin |! for |! 7-14 |! days, |! cephalexin |! for |! 7-14 |! days Recurrent |! UTI |! treatment |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Prophylaxis |! with |! TMP/SMZ |! 3 |! times |! weekly |! for |! 6 |! months; |! TMP |! at |! bedtime |! for |! 6 |! months; |! OR |! nitrofurantoin |! at |! bedtime |! for |! 6 |! months Acute |! bacterial |! prostatitis |! treatment |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-floxacins |! for |! 2-4 |! weeks Evaluation |! of |! drug |! sensitivity |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Best |! done |! with |! sputum |! culture |! (takes |! up |! to |! 16 |! weeks |! for |! results); |! drugs |! are |! chosen |! by |! patterns |! of |! drug |! resistance |! in |! the |! community |! and |! immunocompetence |! of |! the |! patient; |! a |! new |! automated |! TB |! assay |! can |! identify |! sensitivity |! to |! rifampin |! in |! 2 |! hours |! and |! confirm |! the |! presence |! of |! M. |! tuberculosis
MDR-TB |! and |! XDR-TB |! treatment |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ 24 |! months |! with |! 2nd |! and |! 3rd |! line |! drugs; |! poor |! prognosis Patients |! with |! TB |! plus |! HIV |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔More |! aggressive |! therapy |! required; |! minimum |! 6 |! months |! of |! treatment; |! rifampin |! accelerates |! metabolism |! of |! antiretroviral |! therapy |! drugs |! and |! decreases |! their |! effects Promoting |! drug |! adherence |! in |! TB |! patients |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Directly |! Observed |! Therapy |! (DOT) |! - |! also |! allows |! for |! ongoing |! assessment |! of |! clinical |! signs; |! intermittent |! dosing: |! 2-3 |! times/week Latent |! TB |! tests |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔TB |! skin |! test; |! interferon |! Gamma |! Release |! Assays Latent |! TB |! treatment |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Isoniazid |! alone |! for |! 9 |! months; |! isoniazid |! and |! rifampin |! weekly |! for |! 3 |! months; |! active |! TB |! must |! be |! ruled |! out TB |! vaccination |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Bacillus |! Calmette |! and |! Guerin |! (BCG) |! vaccine Second |! line |! treatment |! of |! TB |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Levofloxacin, |! moxifloxacin, |! kanamycin, |! amikacin, |! capreomycin, |! stretpomycin, |! para-aminosalicylic |! acid, |! ethonamid |! cycloserine
Isoniazid |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Standard |! treatment |! for |! latent |! TB; |! must |! be |! given |! for |! at |! least |! 6 |! months, |! preferably |! 9 |! months; |! poses |! a |! risk |! for |! liver |! damage Isoniazid |! adverse |! effects |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Peripheral |! neuropathy |! (give |! pyridoxine |! and |! vitamin |! B6); |! hepatotoxicity; |! optic |! neuritis; |! anemia Rifampin |! use |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔TB, |! leprosy, |! meningococcus |! carriers Rifampin |! adverse |! effects |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Hepatotoxic/hepatitis; |! discoloration |! of |! body |! fluids |! (red/orange); |! GI |! disturbances Rifampin |! drug |! interactions |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Induces |! P450; |! can |! hasten |! drug |! metabolism |! - |! oral |! contraceptives, |! warfarin, |! drugs |! for |! HIV |! infection Ethambutol |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Active |! against |! mycobacteria, |! tubercle |! bacilli |! that |! are |! resistant |! to |! isoniazid |! and |! rifampin; |! adverse |! effect: |! optic |! neuritis Ethambutol |! use |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Initial |! treatment |! of |! TB |! and |! treatment |! of |! patients |! who |! have |! received |! therapy |! previously; |! always |! part |! of |! the |! multi- drug |! regimen Mycobacterium |! avian |! complex |! infection |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Colonization |! begins |! in |! the |! lungs |! or |! GI |! tract; |! may |! spread |! to |! blood, |! bone |! marrow, |! liver, |! spleen, |! lymph |! nodes, |! brain, |! kidneys, |! and |! skin
Initial |! episode |! of |! herpes |! genitalis |! treatment |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Acyclovir |! 400 |! mg |! 3 |! times |! daily |! for |! 7-10 |! days; |! Valacyclovir |! 1 |! gram |! 2 |! times |! daily |! for |! 10 |! days Episodic |! recurrences |! of |! herpes |! genitalis |! treatment |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Acyclovir |! 400 |! mg |! 3 |! times |! daily |! for |! 5 |! days; |! Valacyclovir |! 500 |! mg |! 2 |! times |! daily |! for |! 3 |! days Long-term |! suppressive |! therapy |! of |! recurrent |! genital |! infections |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Acyclovir |! 400 |! mg |! 2 |! times |! daily |! for |! up |! to |! 12 |! months; |! Valacyclovir |! 500-1000 |! mg |! every |! day |! for |! immunocompetent |! patients, |! and |! 500 |! mg |! twice |! daily |! for |! patients |! with |! HIV Acute |! therapy |! of |! herpes |! zoster |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Acyclovir |! 800 |! mg |! 5 |! times |! daily |! for |! 7-10 |! days VZV |! (chickenpox) |! treatment |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Acyclovir |! 20 |! mg/kg |! (no |! more |! than |! 800 |! mg) |! 4 |! times |! daily |! for |! 6 |! days; |! treatment |! should |! begin |! at |! earliest |! sign |! of |! rash; |! topical |! therapy: |! 5% |! cream |! applied |! 5 |! times |! daily; |! Valacyclovir |! (ages |! 2-18) |! 20 |! mg/kg |! (max |! 1 |! gram) |! three |! times |! daily Valacyclovir |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Prodrug |! of |! acyclovir; |! uses: |! herpes |! zoster |! (shingles), |! herpes |! simplex |! genitalis, |! herpes |! labialis |! (cold |! sores), |! varicella |! (chicken |! pox) Valacyclovir |! absorption |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Rapid |! absorption |! and |! essentially |! complete |! conversion |! to |! acyclovir
Herpes |! labialis |! treatment |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Valacyclovir |! 2 |! g/dose |! 12 |! hours |! apart |! for |! 1 |! day Famcyclovir |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Prodrug |! used |! to |! treat |! acute |! herpes |! zoster |! or |! genital |! herpes Famcyclovir |! absorption |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Rapid |! from |! the |! GI |! tract; |! food |! decreases |! the |! rate |! of |! absorption |! but |! not |! the |! extent Famcyclovir |! metabolism |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Enzymatic |! conversion |! to |! its |! active |! form Famcyclovir |! excretion |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Renal, |! largely |! unchanged; |! plasma |! half |! life |! of |! 2.5 |! hours; |! half |! life |! in |! the |! cell |! is |! much |! longer Topical |! drugs |! for |! herpes |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Penciclovir |! for |! recurrent |! herpes |! labialis; |! Docosonal |! OTC |! 10% |! cream Occular |! herpes |! infections |! treatment |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Triflurdine, |! Ganciclovir |! 0.15% |! ophthalmic |! gel Cytomegalovirus |! (CMV) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Herpesvirus |! group; |! transmitted |! by |! direct |! contact |! with |! body |! fluids
Cidofovir |! kinetcs |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔IV |! infusion; |! excreted |! by |! the |! kidneys; |! probenecid |! competes |! for |! renal |! tubular |! secretion |! and |! delays |! elimination; |! prolonged |! intracellular |! half |! life |! (17-65 |! hours) |! and |! can |! have |! 2 |! weeks |! between |! doses Cidofovir |! adverse |! effects |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔BBW: |! nephrotoxicity; |! neutropenia; |! ocular |! disorders Foscarnet |! uses |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Active |! against |! all |! known |! herpes |! viruses; |! less |! tolerated, |! more |! difficult |! to |! give Foscarnet |! adverse |! effects |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔BBW: |! nephrotoxicity; |! electrolyte/mineral |! imbalances Foscarnet |! absorption |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Low |! oral |! bioavailability |! and |! must |! be |! given |! IV Foscarnet |! distribution |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Poorly |! soluble |! in |! water |! and |! does |! not |! penetrate |! cells |! easily; |! give |! in |! large |! doses |! with |! large |! volumes |! of |! fluid Foscarnet |! excretion |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔10% |! to |! 20% |! of |! each |! dose |! is |! deposited |! in |! bone, |! the |! remainder |! is |! excreted |! in |! urine |! (reduce |! dose |! in |! renal |! impairment); |! half-life |! is |! 3-5 |! hours
Four |! classes |! of |! antifungal |! drugs |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Polyene |! antibiotics, |! azoles, |! echinocandins, |! pyrimidine |! analogs Opportunistic |! fungal |! infections |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Candidiasis, |! aspergillosis, |! cryptococcosis, |! and |! mucormycosis -Usually |! occur |! in |! immunocompromised |! or |! debilitated |! population |! taking |! antibiotics, |! corticosteroids, |! chemotherapy, |! or |! other |! immunosuppressives Nonopportunistic |! fungal |! infections |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Sporotrichosis, |! blastomycosis, |! histoplasmosis, |! coccidioidomycosis Amphotericin |! B |! BBW |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Highly |! toxic. |! Only |! to |! be |! used |! in |! the |! setting |! of |! life |! threatening |! infections |! (infusion |! reaction |! and |! renal |! damage |! occur |! in |! many |! patients) Amphotericin |! B |! uses |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Drug |! of |! choice |! for |! most |! systemic |! mycoses. |! Before |! its |! use, |! systemic |! fungal |! infections |! were |! usually |! fatal. |! Must |! be |! given |! IV Amphotericin |! B |! MOA |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Binds |! ergosterol |! (unique |! to |! fungi); |! forms |! membrane |! pores |! that |! allow |! leakage |! of |! electrolytes. |! "Tears" |! holes |! in |! the |! fungal |! membrane |! by |! forming |! pores Amphotericin |! B |! adverse |! effects |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Infusion |! reactions, |! nephrotoxicity, |! hypokalemia
Voriconazole |! uses/MOA |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Candidemia, |! invasive |! aspergillosis |! (drug |! of |! choice), |! esophageal |! candidiasis, |! scedosporium |! apiospenum-resistant |! infections, |! suppresses |! synthesis |! of |! ergosterol Voriconazole |! adverse |! effects |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Hepatotoxicity, |! visual |! disturbances, |! hallucinations, |! teratogenicity, |! hypersensitivity |! reactions, |! nausea, |! vomiting, |! abdominal |! pain, |! headache Voriconazole |! drug |! interactions |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Metabolized |! by |! the |! P |! isoenzymes |! and |! inhibits |! P450 |! enzymes |! and |! can |! raise |! levels |! of |! other |! drugs Ketoconazole |! MOA/uses |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Inhibits |! ergosterol; |! alternative |! to |! ampho |! B |! for |! systemic |! mycoses |! (slower |! effects); |! more |! useful |! in |! suppressing |! chronic |! infections |! than |! in |! treating |! severe |! acute |! infections Ketoconazole |! adverse |! effects |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔GI |! (can |! be |! reduced |! if |! given |! with |! food); |! hepatotoxicity |! (rare, |! but |! potentially |! fatal |! hepatic |! necrosis); |! BBW: |! should |! only |! be |! given |! for |! systemic |! infections |! because |! of |! fatal |! hepatic |! necrosis |! AND |! for |! use |! with |! drugs |! prolonging |! QT; |! can |! inhibit |! steroid |! synthesis |! in |! humans; |! rash, |! itching, |! dizziness, |! fever, |! chills, |! constipation, |! diarrhea, |! photophobia, |! and |! headache Prosaconazole |! adverse |! effects |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Nausea, |! vomiting, |! liver |! damage, |! prolonged |! QT Prosaconazole |! drug |! interactions |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Strong |! CYP3A4 |! inhibitor
Echinocandins |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Newest |! class |! of |! antifungals; |! disrupts |! the |! fungal |! cell |! wall; |! given |! IV; |! used |! for |! aspergillus |! and |! candida |! infections Echinocandins |! adverse |! effects |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Fever |! and |! phlebitis |! at |! injection |! site Echinocandins |! drug |! interactions |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Drugs |! that |! induce |! CYP450 |! will |! decrease |! levels |! of |! this |! drug Flucytosine |! uses |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Serious |! infection |! with |! susceptible |! strains |! of |! candida |! and |! cryptococcus |! neoformans |! (resistance |! common); |! often |! used |! with |! ampho |! B Flucytosine |! adverse |! effects |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Bone |! marrow |! suppression, |! inhibits |! hepatic |! drug-metabolizing |! enzymes Flucytosine |! BBW |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Should |! not |! be |! used |! in |! patients |! with |! renal |! impairment Superficial |! mycoses |! organisms |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Candida |! species; |! dermatophytes |! (species |! of |! Epidermophyton, |! Tricophyton, |! and |! Microsporum) Vulvovaginal |! candidiasis |! treatment |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔1-3 |! days |! of |! topical |! therapy |! miconazole; |! single |! dose |! fluconazole
Oxiconazole |! and |! sulconazole |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Topical |! treatment |! of |! tinea |! infections |! (ringworm) Griseofulvin |! uses |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Superficial |! mycoses; |! ineffective |! systemic |! mycoses Griseofulvin |! adverse |! effects |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Transient |! headache, |! rash, |! GI |! effects, |! insomnia, |! tiredness Nystatin |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Polyene |! antifungal |! used |! only |! for |! candidiasis; |! drug |! of |! choice |! for |! intestinal |! candidiasis, |! also |! used |! for |! candida |! infections |! in |! skin, |! mouth, |! esophagus, |! and |! vagina Terbinafine |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔An |! allylamine |! used |! for |! topical |! ringworm, |! oral |! fungus, |! nail |! fungus Butenafine |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Oral |! allylamine |! used |! for |! tinea |! pedis, |! corporis, |! cruris, |! and |! versicolor Chlamydia |! trachomatis |! infection |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Most |! common |! bacterial |! STD |! in |! the |! US; |! can |! cause |! - |! genital |! tract |! infections, |! proctitis, |! conjunctivitis, |! lymphogranuloma |! verenuem, |! ophthalmia |! and |! pneumonia |! in |! infant, |! pelvic |! inflammatory |! disease |! if |! untreated |! in |! women
Chlamydia |! treatment |! (uncomplicated |! infections) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Azithromycin, |! doxycycline Chlamydia |! treatment |! (infants) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Erythromycin Chlamydia |! treatment |! (preadolescent |! children) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Erythromycin |! for |! child |! < |! 45 |! kg; |! azithromycin |! for |! children |! > |! 45 |! kg |! and |! under |! 8 |! y/o; |! azithromycin |! or |! doxycycline |! for |! children |! > |! 8 |! y/o Chlamydia |! treatment |! (lymphogranuloma |! vereneum) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Doxycycline |! or |! erythromycin Gonococcal |! infections: |! organisms/causes |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Neisseria |! gonorrhoeae |! (gram-negative |! diplococcus); |! causes |! - |! urethral, |! cervical, |! and |! rectal |! infections; |! pharyngeal |! infection; |! conjunctivitis |! (treatment |! in |! neonates |! is |! single |! dose |! ceftriaxone) Gonococcal |! infection |! treatment |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Cephalosporins Nongonococcal |! urethritis |! treatment |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Azithromycin, |! doxycycline Pelvic |! Inflammatory |! Disease |! causes |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔N. |! gonorrhoeae, |! C. |! trachomatis
Cestodes |! (tapeworm) |! treatment |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Praziquantel Trematodes |! (fluke) |! treatment |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Praziquantel, |! triclabendazole, |! albendazole Ascariasis |! (giant |! roundworm) |! treatment |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Albendazole, |! Mebendazole, |! ivermectin Pinworm |! treatment |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Albendazole, |! mebendazole Ancylostomiasis |! and |! necatoriasis |! (hookworm) |! treatment |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Albendazole, |! mebendazole, |! pyrantel |! pamoate Trichuriasis |! (whipworm) |! treatment |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Albendazole Strongyloidasis |! (tapeworm) |! treatment |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Ivermectin Nematode |! infestation |! (extra-intestinal) |! treatment |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Trichinosis |! (pork |! roundworm) |! - |! albendazole; |! wucheresis |! and |! brugiasis |! - |! diethylcarbamazine; |! onchocercias |! (river |! blindness) |! - |! praziquantel Cestode |! infestation |! treatment |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Taenisis |! (beef |! and |! pork |! tapeworm) |! - |! praziquantel; |! diphyllobothriasis |! (fish |! tapeworm) |! - |! praziquantel
Trematode |! infestation |! treatment |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Schistosomiasis |! (blood |! flukes) |! - |! praziquantel; |! fascioliasis |! (liver |! fluke) |! - |! praziquantel |! or |! albendazole; |! fasciolopsiasis |! (intestinal |! fluke) |! - |! praziquantel Drugs |! of |! choice |! for |! helminthiasis |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Mebendazole, |! albendazole, |! praziquantel, |! pyrantel |! pamoate, |! diethylcarbamazine, |! ivermectin Cephalosporins |! that |! interact |! with |! alcohol |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Cefotetan |! and |! cefazolin Cephalosporins |! that |! decrease |! interference |! with |! vitamin |! K |! metabolism |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Cefotetan |! and |! ceftriaxone Medication |! which |! can |! cause |! break |! through |! seizures |! if |! given |! with |! valproate |!
- |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Imipenem Otitis |! media |! causative |! organisms |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Strep |! pneumoniae, |! H. |! Influenzae, |! m. |! Catarrhalis, |! viral Sinusitis |! causative |! organisms |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Strep |! pneumoniae, |! m. |! Catarrhalis, |! H. |! Influenzae, |! viral Pneumonia |! causative |! organisms |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Strep |! pneumoniae, |! S. |! Aureus, |! H. |! Influenzae, |! klebsiella, |! mycoplasma, |! chlamydia, |! legionella
