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Table of Contents
Table of Contents
1
Chapter 01: Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing 2 Chapter 02: Social, Cultural, Religious, and Family Influences on Child Health Promotion 18 Chapter 03: Hereditary Influences on Health Promotion of the Child and Family 36 Chapter 04: Communication, Physical, and Developmental Assessment of the Child and Family 5 4 Chapter 05: Pain Assessment and Management in Children 76 Chapter 06: Childhood Communicable and Infectious Diseases 94 Chapter 07: Health Promotion of the Newborn and Family Chapter 08: Health Problems of the Newborn Chapter 09: The High-Risk Newborn and Family Chapter 10: Health Promotion of the Infant and Family Chapter 11: Health Problems of the Infant Chapter 12: Health Promotion of the Toddler and Family Chapter 13: Health Promotion of the Preschooler and Family Chapter 14: Health Problems of Early Childhood Chapter 15: Health Promotion of the School-Age Child and Family Chapter 16: Health Problems of the School-Age Child Chapter 17: Health Promotion of the Adolescent and Family Chapter 18: Health Problems of the Adolescent Chapter 19: Family-Centered Care of the Child with Chronic Illness or Disability Chapter 20: Family-Centered Palliative Care Chapter 20: Impact of Cognitive or Sensory Impairment on the Child and Family Chapter 21: Family-Centered Care of the Child During Illness and Hospitalization Chapter 22: Pediatric Nursing Interventions and Skills Chapter 23: The Child with Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance Chapter 24: The Child with Renal Dysfunction Chapter 25: The Child with Gastrointestinal Dysfunction Chapter 26: The Child with Respiratory Dysfunction Chapter 27: The Child with Cardiovascular Dysfunction Chapter 28: The Child with Hematologic or Immunologic
D y s f u n c t i o n C h a p t e r 2 9 : T h e
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Child with Cancer Chapter 30: The Child with Cerebral Dysfunction Chapter 31: The Child with Endocrine Dysfunction Chapter 32: The Child with Integumentary Dysfunction Chapter 33: The Child with Musculoskeletal or Articular Dysfunction Chapter 34: The Child with Neuromuscular or Muscular Dysfunction
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16.5%; and maternal complications such as infections specific to the perinatal period, which account for 6.1% of deaths in infants younger than 1 year of age.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- What is the major cause of death for children older than 1 year in the United States?
a. Heart disease
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b. Childhood cancer
c. Unintentional injuries
d. Congenital
anomalies ANS: C
Unintentional injuries (accidents) are the leading cause of death after age 1 year through adolescence. The leading cause of death for those younger than 1 year is congenital anomalies, and childhood cancers and heart disease cause a significantly lower percentage of deaths in children older than 1 year of age.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- In addition to injuries, what are the leading causes of death in adolescents ages 15 to 19 years?
a. Suicide and cancer
b. Suicide and homicide
c. Drowning and cancer
d. Homicide and heart
disease ANS: B
Suicide and homicide account for 16.7% of deaths in this age group. Suicide and cancer account for 10.9% of deaths, heart disease and cancer account for approximately 5.5%, and homicide and heart disease account for 10.9% of the deaths in this age group.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- The nurse is planning a teaching session to adolescents about deaths by unintentional injuries. Which should the nurse include in the session with regard to deaths caused by injuries?
a. More deaths occur in males.
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among different ethnic groups, and the causes of unintentional deaths vary
with age and gender. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying
TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- What do mortality statistics describe?
a. Disease occurring regularly within a geographic location
b. The number of individuals who have died over a specific period
c. The prevalence of specific illness in the population at a particular time
d. Disease occurring in more than the number of expected
cases in a community ANS: B
Mortality statistics refer to the number of individuals who have died over a specific period.
Morbidity statistics show the prevalence of specific illness in the population at a particular time. Data regarding disease within a geographic region, or in greater than expected numbers in a community, may be extrapolated from analyzing the morbidity statistics.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- The nurse should assess which age group for suicide ideation since suicide in which age group is the third leading cause of death?
a. Preschoolers
b. Young school age
c. Middle school age
d. Late school age and
adolescents ANS: D
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Suicide is the third leading cause of death in children ages 10 to 19 years; therefore, the age group should be late school age and adolescents. Suicide is not one of the leading causes of death for preschool and young or middle school- aged children.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- Parents of a hospitalized toddler ask the nurse, What is meant by family- centered care? The nurse should respond with which statement?
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying
TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- Evidence-based practice (EBP), a decision-making model, is best described as which?
a. Using information in textbooks to guide care
b. Combining knowledge with clinical experience and intuition
c. Using a professional code of ethics as a means for decision making
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d. Gathering all evidence that applies to the childs health and family situation
ANS: B
EBP helps focus on measurable outcomes; the use of demonstrated, effective interventions; and questioning what is the best approach. EBP involves decision making based on data, not all evidence on a particular situation, and involves the latest available data. Nurses can use textbooks to determine areas of concern and potential involvement.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment
- Which best describes signs and symptoms as part of a nursing diagnosis?
a. Description of potential risk factors
b. Identification of actual health problems
c. Human response to state of illness or health
d. Cues and clusters derived from
patient assessment ANS: D
Signs and symptoms are the cues and clusters of defining characteristics that are derived from a patient assessment and indicate actual health problems. The first part of the nursing diagnosis is the problem statement, also known as the human response to the state of illness or health. The identification of actual health problems may be part of the medical diagnosis. The nursing diagnosis is based on the human response to these problems. The human response is therefore a component of the nursing diagnostic statement. Potential risk factors are used to identify nursing care needs to avoid the development of an actual health problem when a potential one exists.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding
TOP: Integrated Process: Communication and
Documentation MSC: Client Needs: Safe and
Effective Care Environment
- The nurse is talking to a group of parents of school-age children at an
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ANS: A
When teaching parents of school-age children about childhood health problems, the nurse should include information about childhood obesity because it is the most common problem among children and is associated with type 2 diabetes. Teaching parents about ways to prevent obesity is important to include. Immunization rates differ depending on the childs race and ethnicity; dental caries continues to be a common chronic disease in childhood; and mental health problems are seen in children as young as school age, not just in adolescents.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying
TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- The nurse is planning care for a hospitalized preschool-aged child. Which should the nurse plan to ensure atraumatic care?
a. Limit explanation of procedures because the child is preschool aged.
b. Ask that all family members leave the room when performing procedures.
c. Allow the child to choose the type of juice to drink with the administration of oral medications.
d. Explain that EMLA cream cannot be used for the morning lab draw because there is not time for it to be effective.
ANS: C
The overriding goal in providing atraumatic care is first, do no harm. Allowing the child a choice of juice to drink when taking oral medications provides the child with a sense of control. The preschool child should be prepared before procedures, so limiting explanations of procedures would increase anxiety. The family should be allowed to stay with the child during procedures, minimizing stress. Lidocaine/prilocaine (EMLA) cream is a topical local anesthetic. The nurse should plan to use the prescribed cream in time for morning laboratory draws to minimize pain.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
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- Which situation denotes a nontherapeutic nursepatientfamily relationship?
a. The nurse is planning to read a favorite fairy tale to a patient.
b. During shift report, the nurse is criticizing parents for not visiting their child.
c. The nurse is discussing with a fellow nurse the emotional draw to a certain patient.
d. The nurse is working with a family to find ways to decrease the familys dependence on health care providers.
ANS: B
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b. Male, high activity level, stressful home life
c. Male, even tempered, history of previous injuries
d. Female, reacts negatively to new situations, no
serious previous injuries ANS: B
Boys have a preponderance for injuries over girls because of a difference in behavioral characteristics, a high activity temperament is associated with risk- taking behaviors, and stress predisposes children to increased risk taking and self- destructive behaviors. Therefore, a male child with a high activity level and living in a stressful environment has the highest number of risk factors. A girl with several siblings and a stable home life is low risk. A boy with previous injuries has two risk factors, but an even temper is not a risk factor for injuries. A
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girl who reacts negatively to new situations but has no previous serious
illnesses has only one risk factor. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyzing
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment
- The school nurse is evaluating the number of school-age children classified as obese. The nurse recognizes that the percentile of body mass index that classifies a child as obese is greater than which?
a. 50th percentile
b. 75th percentile
c. 80th percentile
d. 95th
percentile ANS: D
Obesity in children and adolescents is defined as a body mass index at or greater than the 95th percentile for youth of the same age and gender.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
- The nurse is teaching parents about the types of behaviors children exhibit when living with chronic violence. Which statement made by the parents indicates further teaching is needed?
a. We should watch for aggressive play.
b. Our child may show lasting symptoms of stress.
c. We know that our child will show caring behaviors.
d. Our child may have difficulty concentrating in school.
ANS: C
The statement that the child will show caring behaviors needs further teaching.
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a. Strong evidence from unbiased observational studies
b. Evidence from randomized clinical trials showed inconsistent results
c. Consistent evidence from well-performed randomized clinical trials
d. Evidence for at least one critical outcome from randomized clinical
trials had serious flaws ANS: B
Evidence from randomized clinical trials with important limitations indicates that the evidence is of moderate quality. Strong evidence from unbiased observational studies and consistent evidence from well-performed randomized clinical trials indicates high quality. Evidence for at least one critical outcome from randomized clinical trials that has serious flaws indicates low quality.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment
- An adolescent patient wants to make decisions about treatment options, along with his parents. Which moral value is the nurse displaying when supporting the adolescent to make decisions?
a. Justice
b. Autonomy
c. Beneficence
d. Nonmalefic
ence ANS: B
Autonomy is the patients right to be self-governing. The adolescent is trying to be autonomous, so the nurse is supporting this value. Justice is the concept of fairness. Beneficence is the obligation to promote the patients well-being. Nonmaleficence is the obligation to minimize or prevent harm.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyzing
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
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- The nurse manager is compiling a report for a hospital committee on the quality of nursing-sensitive indicators for a nursing unit. Which does the nurse manager include in the report?
a. The average age of the nurses on the unit
b. The salary ranges for the nurses on the unit
c. The education and certification of the nurses on the unit
