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NURS 3530&3525 Cardiovascular Disorders Overview Exam
With Complete Solutions 2025- 2026
Cardiac Action Potential - ANSWER The electrical activation of the cell caused by influx of sodium into cell while potassium exits the cell. Depolarization - ANSWER Electrical activation of the cell caused by influx of sodium into cell while potassium exits the cell - this makes the cell less negative. Repolarization- ANSWER Return of the cell to a resting state caused by reentry of potassium into the cell while sodium exits. Effective refractory periods- ANSWER Cells cannot depolarize. Relative refractory- ANSWER Cells require stronger than normal stimulus to depolarize. Sinus rhythm- ANSWER Regular rhythm with 1 p wave before each QRS complex, rate 60 - 100. Sinus bradycardia- ANSWER Rate less than 60. Sinus tachycardia - ANSWER Rate above 100. Cardiac Output (CO) - ANSWER The volume of blood your heart pumps in one minute. Heart Rate (HR) - ANSWER Times your heart beats within one minute. Stroke Volume (SV) - ANSWER Blood pumped from heart with one contraction. Ejection Fraction (EF) - ANSWER A percentage indicating how much of the blood in the heart is ejected with each heartbeat.
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) - ANSWER The average pressure in your arteries during one heartbeat. MAP Formula - ANSWER SBP + 2 (DBP)/3. Cardiac Output Formula - ANSWER CO = HR X Stroke Volume. Angina pectoris - ANSWER Chest pain when there is an inadequate supply of air or blood to the heart. Risk factors for Coronary Artery Disease-ANSWER Elevated LDL, Tobacco use, hypertension, diabetes metabolic syndrome. Assessment of Angina-ANSWER Includes VS, observation for respiratory distress, and assessment of pain. Nursing interventions for Angina-ANSWER Patient should stop all activity and sit or rest in bed (SEMI FOWLER). Acute Myocardial Infarction-ANSWER Acute onset of myocardial ischemia that results in myocardial death (MI). Nursing Management of Coronary Vascular Disorders - ANSWER Relieve pain and S&S of ischemia, improve respiratory function, and promote adequate tissue perfusion. Invasive Coronary Artery Procedures - ANSWER PTCA is a medical procedure done to open blocked or narrowed coronary arteries. CABG - ANSWER Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting is a surgical procedure done to treat CAD.
Heart Failure - ANSWER An inability of the heart to pump efficiently. Echocardiogram - ANSWER Most diagnostic tool that uses sound waves to create heart images. Brain Natriuretic Peptide Test - ANSWER A test that measures the level of BNP to diagnose HF. BNP Value- ANSWER A high value indicates the severity of heart failure based on the level. Left Sided Heart Failure - ANSWER This type of HF produces pulmonary congestion, which eventually promotes dyspnea under conditions of exertion. Right Sided Heart Failure - ANSWER This type of HF leads to peripheral congestion, and the result is weight gain. NANDA Nursing Diagnoses - ANSWER Formula for determining patient care needs related to HF. Activity Intolerance - ANSWER Impaired ability to exercise because of HF. Medication Management - ANSWER Pharmacologic and nutritional therapy related to HF. ACE Inhibitors - ANSWER Lower blood pressure by causing vasodilation. Diuretics - ANSWER Reduce fluid volume; monitor serum electrolytes.
Digitalis - ANSWER Improves heart contractility; watch for toxicity. Vascular System Functions ANSWER Regulates blood flow, pressure, and tissue needs. Older Adults Considerations ANSWER Aging affects blood vessel function and oxygen transport. Hypertension ANSWER Condition affecting 33% of Americans; often uncontrolled. Risk Factors for Heart Failure ANSWER Includes hypertension, CAD, diabetes, and smoking. Cardiac Catheterization ANSWER Procedure to diagnose heart conditions via catheter. Chest Pain ANSWER Common symptom in myocarditis indicating heart issues. Fluid Volume Excess - ANSWER Condition requiring daily weight and diuretic therapy. Patient Education - ANSWER Includes medication adherence and lifestyle modifications. Primary Hypertension - ANSWER Most diagnosed hypertension; unidentifiable causes. Secondary Hypertension - ANSWER High blood pressure with a defined cause. Hypertensive Crisis - ANSWER Emergency requiring rapid blood pressure reduction. IV Vasodilators - ANSWER Medications for immediate blood pressure control.
Endovascular Repair - ANSWER A surgical approach that involves minimal invasion for aneurysms. Saccular Aneurysm - ANSWER Aneurysm that involves only one side of the vessel. Fusiform Aneurysm - ANSWER Aneurysm that affects the entire arterial segment. Statins - ANSWER A medication prescribed to decrease levels of cholesterol. Lifestyle Changes - ANSWER Changes in diet and exercise that improve health. C-Reactive Protein - ANSWER A liver-produced substance indicative of inflammation. Hyperhomocysteinemia - ANSWER An increased amino acid that is related to disease. Pharmacologic Therapy - ANSWER Medications are prescribed to manage the disease. Nursing Management- ANSWER Care strategies for the patient with hypertension.
