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What are Benner's stages of nursing proficiency?
- Novice
- Advanced Beginner
- Competent
- Proficient
- Expert What is the goal of the Scope and Standards of Practice? To improve the health and well-being of all individuals, communities, and populations through the significant and visible contributions of registered nursing using standards-based practice 7 Best UK Staycations for Your Next Caravan Holiday When did nursing documentation begin? 1960 What are the six standards of practice?
- assessment
- diagnosis
- outcomes identification
- planning
- implementation
- evaluation What is known as the foundation of clinical decision making? the nursing process What is a code of ethics? the philosophical ideals of right and wrong that define principles used to provide care The American Nurses Association (ANA) has established 10 standards of professional performance. What are they? ethics, education, evidence-based practice and research, quality of practice, communication, leadership, collaboration, professional practice evaluation, resources, environmental health What is autonomy and accountability? an essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation of independent nursing interventions without medical orders. Accountability means that you are responsible professionally and legally for the type and quality of nursing care provided What are the professional roles of a nurse?
- autonomy and accountability
- caregiver
- advocate
- educator
- communicator
- manager
What is a certified nurse midwife? an APRN who is also educated in midwifery and is certified by the American College of Nurse-Midwives. The practice of nurse-midwifery involves providing independent care for women during normal pregnancy, labor, and delivery and care for the newborn What is a certified registered nurse anesthetist? an APRN with advanced education from a nurse anesthesia-accredited program. Nurse anesthetists provide surgical anesthesia under the guidance and supervision of an anesthesiologist who is a physician with advanced knowledge of surgical anesthesia What is a nurse educator? works primarily in schools of nursing, staff development departments of health care agencies, and patient education departments What is a nurse administrator? manages patient care and the delivery of specific nursing services within a health care agency What is a nurse researcher? investigates problems to improve nursing care and further define and expand the scope of nursing practice. The nurse research often works in an academic setting, hospital, or independent professional or community service agency Who is Florence Nightingale and what did she do? Florence Nightingale believed that the role of nurses was to help the body recover, and then remain free, from disease.
In 1860, Florence organized the first school of nursing, the Nightingale Training School for Nurses, at St. Thomas' Hospital in London. Nightingale was the first practicing epidemiologist. She used her keen mind and statistical analysis to show the connection between poor sanitation and diseases like cholera and dysentery. Known as the Lady with the Lamp, Nightingale crossed the battlefields of the Crimean War with her lantern. By improving sanitation in battlefield hospitals, she showed how effective fresh air, hygiene, and nutrition were in the treatment of wounded soldiers. The practices she advocated remain a basic part of nursing care in the twenty-first century. What happened to nursing in the early twentieth century? Movement toward scientific, research-based practice and defined body of knowledge; Nurses assumed expanded and advanced practice roles Who was Mary Adelaide Nutting? 1906: first nursing professor at Columbia Teacher's College What year did nursing specializations begin? 1920 How will the Affordable Care Act affect healthcare and nursing? The ACA affects how health care is paid for and delivered. There will be greater emphasis on health promotion, disease prevention, and illness management in the future. More nursing services will be in community-based care settings. As a result, more nurses will be needed to practice in community care centers, schools, and senior centers. This will require nurses to be better able to assess for resources, identify service gaps, and help patients adapt so as to be able to safely return to their community. Skyrocketing health care costs present challenges to the nursing profession, consumer, and health care delivery system. As a nurse you are responsible for providing patients with the best-quality care in an efficient and economically sound manner.
Reducing health care costs while maintaining high-quality care for patients Improving access and coverage for more people Encouraging healthy behaviors Earlier hospital discharges result in more patients needing nursing homes or home care What are some ways the Institute of Medicine believes nurses need to be transformed by? Practicing to the full extent of their training Achieving higher levels of education through an education system that provides seamless progression Becoming full partners with physicians and other health care providers in redesigning the health care system Improving data collection and the information infrastructure for effective workforce planning and policy making What are professional standards review organizations (PRSOs)? Created to review the quality, quantity, and cost of hospital care provided through Medicare and Medicaid What are utilization review committees? Review admissions, diagnostic testing, and treatments ordered by physicians who cared for patients receiving Medicare What are the major goals of the patient protection and affordable care act? Access to health care for all Reducing costs Improving quality Provisions include
Insurance industry reforms Increased funding for public programs Improved coverage for children What does a wellness perspective focus on? the health of populations and the communities in which they live, rather than just on finding a cure for an individual's disease What does the Health Services Pyramid show? The pyramid shows that population-based health care services provide the basis for preventive services. These services include primary, secondary, and tertiary health care. The U.S. health care system has five levels of care for which health care providers offer services. What are they? disease prevention; health promotion; and primary, secondary, and tertiary health care. The health care settings within which the levels of care are provided include preventive, primary, secondary, tertiary, restorative, and continuing Describe preventitive care focuses on reducing and controlling risk factors for disease through activities such as occupational health programs Describe primary care focuses on improved health outcomes for an entire population. It includes primary care and health education, proper nutrition, maternal/child health care, family planning, immunizations, and control of diseases; requires collaboration among health professionals, health care leaders, and community members
Usually reimbursed by government (such as Medicare and Medicaid in the United States), private insurance, and private pay. Describe the rehabilitation aspect of restorative care Includes physical, occupational, and speech therapy, and social services Begins on admission Focuses on preventing complications Maximizes patient function and independence Describe the extended care aspect of restorative care Extended care facility Provides intermediate medical, nursing, or custodial care for patients recovering from acute illness or disabilities Intermediate care/skilled nursing facility Provides care for patients until they can return to their community or residential care location Describe continuing care For people who are disabled, functionally dependent, or suffering a terminal disease Available within institutional settings or in the home: Nursing centers or facilities Assisted living Respite care Adult day care centers Hospice
Describe continuous care: nursing centers or facilities Provide 24-hour intermediate and custodial care Nursing, rehabilitation, diet, social, recreational, and religious services Residents of any age with chronic or debilitating illness Regulated by standards: Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 Interdisciplinary functional assessment is the focus of clinical practice: MDS, RAIs What is the MDS? a rich resource for nurses in determining the best interventions to support the health care needs of this growing population Describe continuing care: assisted living Long-term care setting Home environment Greater resident autonomy No fee caps Describe continuing care: respite care Respite care provides short-term relief or "time off" for people providing home care to an individual who is ill, disabled, or frail. Settings include home, day care, or health care institution with overnight care. Trained volunteers enable family caregivers to leave the home for errands or social time.
- A patient who needs nursing and rehabilitation following a stroke would most benefit from receiving care at a: A. primary care center.
Patients are moving from acute health care and hospital-based settings to community-based settings that focus on health promotion, disease prevention, and restorative care; Involves acute and chronic care Enhances individuals' capacity for self-care Promotes autonomy Uses critical thinking Reduces costs Provides direct access to nurses What are the goals of Healthy People 2020? Goals are to increase life expectancy and quality of life, and to eliminate health disparities through improved delivery of health care services What are the social determinants of health? These factors may be biological, socioeconomic, psychosocial, behavioral, or social in nature. Scientists generally recognize five determinants of health: biology and genetics (sex and age), individual behavior (such as alcohol, injection drug use, unprotected sex, and smoking), social environment (such as discrimination, income, and gender), physical environment (where a person lives or crowding conditions), and health services (such as access to quality health care and having health insurance). Who are vulnerable populations? Individuals living in poverty Older adults People who are homeless Immigrant populations Individuals in abusive relationships Substance abusers People with severe mental illnesses
- Vulnerable populations of patients are those who are more likely to develop health problems as a result of: A. living at home. B. abusive habits. C. citizenship. D. middle age. B. abusive habits What is community assessment? the systematic data collection on the population, monitoring the health status of the population, and making information available about the health of the community.
- In identifying needs for health policy and health program development and services, a community assessment focuses on which of the following elements? A. Structure B. People C. Social systems D. Environments E. All of the above E. all of the above What is a nursing theory? Is a conceptualization of some aspect of nursing; describes, explains, predicts, and/or prescribes nursing care A nursing theory helps to identify the focus, means, and goals of practice.
the "taken-for-granted" statements that explain the nature of the concepts, definitions, purpose, relationships, and structure of a theory. Assumptions are accepted as truths and are based on values and beliefs. Describe Florence Nightingale as a theorist Florence Nightingale is generally regarded as the first nursing theorist; her theory was founded on her belief that nursing could improve a patient's environment to facilitate recovery and prevent complications. What is a grand theory? broad in scope, complex What is a middle-range theory? limited in scope and less abstract What is a practice theory? narrow in scope and focus What is a descriptive theory? describe phenomena and identify circumstances in which phenomena occur What is a prescriptive theory? address nursing interventions for a phenomenon, guide practice change, and predict the consequences
Nursing theories provide nurses with perspectives from which to: A. analyze patient data. B. predict phenomena. C. formulate legislation. D. link science to nursing. A. analyze patient data What kind of theory was Nightingale's environmental theory? Grand theory Nursing process is central to nursing practice. Nursing practice: A. is a theory. B. is derived from a theory. C. is not adaptable to all patients. D. generates knowledge for use in practice. B. is derived from a theory What is evidence-based practice? Evidence-based care improves quality, safety, patient outcomes, and nurse satisfaction while reducing costs. Implementing evidence-based practice (EBP) helps you make effective, timely, and appropriate clinical decisions in response to the broad political, professional, and societal forces present in today's health care environment. What is a PICOT question?
What is health? A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO, 1947) A state of being that people define in relation to their own values, personality, and lifestyle Describe Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs a model that nurses use to understand the interrelationships of basic human needs. According to this model, certain human needs are more basic than others. As a result, certain needs must be met before others (such as fulfilling the physiological needs before the needs of love and belonging). The hierarchy of needs model provides a basis for nurses to care for patients of all ages in all health settings. However, when applying the model, the focus of care is on a patient's needs rather than on strict adherence to the hierarchy. To provide the most effective care, you need to understand the relationships of different needs and the factors that determine the priorities for each patient According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of these needs would the patient seek to meet first? A. Self-actualization B. Self-esteem C. Shelter D. Love and belonging C. shelter Describe the three levels of preventative care? Primary Prevention
- True prevention that lowers the chances that a disease will develop Secondary Prevention
- Focuses on those who have health problems or illnesses and are at risk for developing complications or worsening conditions
Tertiary Prevention
- Occurs when a defect or disability is permanent or irreversible You will use the concept of primary prevention when instructing a patient to: A. get a flu shot every year. B. take a blood pressure reading every day. C. explore hiring a patient with a known disability. D. undergo physical therapy following a cerebrovascular accident. A. get a flu shot every year What is the process of changing behaviors? These stages range from no intention to change (precontemplation), considering a change within the next 6 months (contemplation), making small changes (preparation), and actively engaging in strategies to change behavior (action) to maintaining a changed behavior (maintenance stage). Jack has decided to set aside 30 minutes a day to walk after work next week. Jack is in what stage of risk factor modification? A. Precontemplation B. Contemplation C. Preparation D. Action E. Maintenance C. preparation Describe Leininger's theory of transcultural caring Caring is an essential human need.
