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NURS 332 EXAM 1 2025 LATEST UPDATE
Fundamentals of Nursing ALREADY GRADED
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Roles of Nursing: Manager CORRECT ANSWER > Establishing safe and quality care with positive patient outcomes. Roles of Nursing: Educator CORRECT ANSWER > Informal or formal teaching methods. Plans should match your patients needs, and be explained in a way they can understand. Roles of Nursing: Communicator CORRECT ANSWER > Get to know your patients needs, strengths/weaknesses, history. Communicate with others involved like family or friends. Roles of Nursing: Advocate
CORRECT ANSWER > Protecting your patients human and legal rights and help them assert those rights when needed. What are the healthcare settings and services? CORRECT ANSWER > 1. Preventative
- Primary
- Secondary
- Tertiary
- Restorative
- Continuing Primary Care and Examples Focuses in improved health outcomes for an entire population. Eg: health education, proper nutrition, etc Secondary Care and Examples Focuses in the diagnosis and treatment of acute illness/disease
Quality Health Care The degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent with current professional knowledge. Safety is a CRITICAL part of quality healthcare What is evidence-based practice? A problem solving approach combining evidence and clinical expertise, patient preferences and values, and resources to make a decisions in patient care What is Performance Improvement? A formal approach of the analysis of healthcare Evidence Based Practice (EBP) vs Performance Improvement (PI)
- PI does not involve introductions of new practices, but EBP does
- Some trendings from PI data reveal problems that lead to EBP
- PI projects usually occur more quickly than EBP The Nursing Process (ADOPIE)
- Assessment
- Diagnosis
- Outcome Identification
- Planning
- Implementation
- Evaluation Describe "Assessment" in the Nursing Process To gather information about the patients history, condition, and health status. Includes subjective and objective data What is Subjective Data? What the patient "says"
Roles of Nursing: Caregiver CORRECT ANSWER > To help patient maintain and regain health while including patients emotional, spiritual, and social well-being. Roles of Nursing: Autonomy & Accountability CORRECT ANSWER > Nursing Interventions without medical orders; being responsible for the type of quality provided Describe "Outcome Identification" in the Nursing Process The registered nurse identifies expected outcomes for a plan individualized to the health care consumer or the situation Describe "Planning" in the Nursing Process To set goals of care and desired outcomes to identify appropriate nursing outcomes. Describe "Implementation" in the Nursing Process To preform nursing actions identified in the planning process
Describe "Evaluation" in the Nursing Process To determine if goals and expected outcome have been achieved, and if not achieved go back and make a new plan. Becoming culturally aware to provide patient care is.... To become more self aware of your own biases and attitudes about human behavior is the FIRST step in providing patient-centered care. What is bias? A predisposition to see people or things in a certain light, either positive or negative What is the importance of infection control and prevention? Hand hygiene, disinfection and sterilization techniques, patient safety, and using PPE when needed can control and prevent infection. What is Infection?
To sterilize means The complete elimination/destruction of all microorganism including bacterial spores What is PPE? Personal Protective Equipment like:
- Gown
- Mask
- Face Shield
- Goggles
- Gloves The Importance of Nurses Knowledge in providing safety Knowledge in age, national status, stress disease process, and treatments can influence infection prevention and control. The Importance of the Nursing Process in providing safety
- Assessing patient can help you recognize any risk factors.
- Diagnosing patient for infections
- Setting priorities and work with your team during planning
- Using health promotion and acute care during implementation
- Any exposure issues during evaluation Physiological changes in aging: Integumentary
- loss of skin elasticity
- fat loss in extremities
- pigmentation changes
- glandular atrophy
- thinning hair, grey hair
- slower nail growth Physiological changes in aging: Respiratory
- decrease cough reflex
- fewer alveoli
- increase airway resistance
- fat tissue increases Physiological changes in aging: Neurological
- degenerative of nerve cells
- decrease neurotransmitters
- decrease rate of conduction impulses Physiological changes in aging: Eyes
- presbyopia
- difficulty changing from light to dark
- yellowing of lens
- increase glare sensitivity
- smaller pupils Physiological changes in aging: Ears
- presbycusis
- thickening of tympanic membranes
- sclerosis of inner ear
- build-up of cerumen Physiological changes in aging: Taste
- diminished/ fewer taste buds Physiological changes in aging: Smell
- often diminished Physiological changes in aging: Touch
- decrease skin receptors Physiological changes in aging: Genitourinary
- fewer nephrons
- 50% decrease in renal blood flow by age 80
- decrease bladder capacity
- for males an enlargement in probate
- for females a reduced sphincter tone
- decrease insulin sensitivity Physiological changes in aging: Immune
- the thymus decreases in size and volume
- decrease T-cell function
- core temperature is lowered What can the nurse do to improve/maintain mobility in a patient?
- Use assessment techniques to assess hazards of immobility to provide patient safety
- Conduct an assessment of mobility alterations that pose risks on falling
- Range of Motion Exercises for altered mobility
- Promoting early mobility in hospitalized patients
- Using restraints if there's any mobility limitations What is a concern of poor altered mobility? FALLS
What is Altered Mobility?
- lower extremities weakness
- abnormal gait
- shuffling and stumbling
- requires assistance with mobility
- assistive devices 6 rights of medication administration to decrease medication errors
- Right Medication
- Right Dose
- Right Patient
- Right Route
- Right Time
- Right Documentation Pharmacokinetics Process
- Absorption
- Distribution
- Metabolism
Oral Medications Rate of Absorption Slow because they pass through the GI tract Mucus Membrane Medications Rate of Absorption Quick rate of absorption Respiratory Tract Medications rate of absorption Quick rate of absorption IV Medications rate of absorption Fastest absorption rate Majority of medications absorbed in the: Small Intestines
Most biotransformation occurs in the: Liver Excretion When medications exit the body through the kidney, liver, bowel lungs, and exocrine glands Types of Medication Action
- Therapeutic effect
- Adverse effect
- Side Effect
- Toxic Effect
- Idiosyncratic Reaction
- Allergic Reaction
- Medication Interactions Therapeutic Effect The expected or predicted response
