Download Endocrine System Exam Q&A: Hormone Regulation and Disorders and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
Nurs 3310 Test 1 (Black) Exam Questions
With correct Answers
Endocrine |System |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Composed |of |cells |and |organs |that |manufacture |and |secrete |hormones. |It |is |a |system |of |communication |that |controls |many |life-long |bodily |responses |and |functions
Thymus |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-larger |in |children |while |they |develop |an |immune |system. |It |gets |smaller |without |use |(as |we |age).
Glands |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-may |produce |or |secret |hormone
Hormones |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-goes |to |its |target |and |causes |an |action |or |response
Target |cells |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-read |and |follow |hormone's |instructions
how |does |the |endocrine |system |respond |to |stimuli? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-by |releasing |hormones |from |endocrine |glands
Hormones |regulate |four |major |body |functions: |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Reproduction
Growth |and |development
Homeostasis
Metabolism
All |hormones |share |certain |general |characteristics: |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--Rates |and |patterns
-Operate |within |a |feedback |system
-Affect |target |cells |with |specific |receptors |and |then |act |to |initiate |specific |cell |functions |or |activities |(they |respond |only |to |those |hormones |for |which |they |have |receptors)
-Excreted |by |kidneys |or |deactivated |by |the |liver |or |cellular |mechanisms
Negative |feedback |loop |in |the |endocrine |system |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-cold |exposure |à |hypothalamus |(thyrotropin- |releasing |hormone) |à |anterior |pituitary |(thyrotropin) |à |thyroid |à |thyroxine. |Then |a |negative |feedback |loop |tells |anterior |pituitary |to |stop |releasing |thyrotropin.
Hyposecretion |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-gland |releases |an |inadequate |amount |of |hormone |to |meet |physiologic |needs; |not |enough |secreted
Hypersecretion |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-increased |secretion. |Too |much |secreted
Hyporesponsiveness |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-of |the |target |organ |will |cause |the |same |set |of |clinical |symptoms |as |hyposecretion. |usually |caused |by |deficiency |of |receptors
Hyposecretion |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--NOT |ENOUGH
-Congenital
-Absence |of |enzyme |needed |for |synthesis
-Disruption |of |blood |flow
-Infection, |inflammation, |immune |response
-Neoplasms
-Any |growth |will |affect |the |release |of |hormones
Hypersecretion |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--TOO |MUCH
-Excessive |stimulation
-Hyperplasia |of |the |gland
-Hormone |producing |tumor |of |the |gland
Hypothalamus |& |Pituitary |Gland |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Regulates |hormone |secretion |from |all |major |endocrine |organs |except |the |pancreas |and |parathyroid |glands
Hypothalamus |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-the |primary |organ |of |the |body |concerned |with |maintaining |homeostasis; |that |is, |keeping |the |body's |internal |environment |constant. |Sends |several |hormones |to |anterior |or |posterior |pituitary |gland
ADH |is |also |referred |to |as |______________ |because |of |its |ability |to |cause |vasoconstriction |if |plasma
|levels |are |extremely |elevated |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-vasopressin
Syndrome |of |Inappropriate |ADH |secretion |(SIADH) |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-high |levels |of |ADH |without |normal |physiologic |stimuli |for |its |release
Diabetes |Insipidus |(DI) |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-insufficient |secretion |of |antidiuretic |hormone |(vasopressin)
fluid |is |vascular |space |with |DI |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-decreased |(concentrated)
fluid |is |vascular |space |with |SIADH |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-increased |(diluted)
sodium |level |in |DI |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-hypernatremia
sodium |level |is |SIADH |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-hyponatremia
specific |gravity |in |DI |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-decreased |(low)
specific |gravity |in |SIADH |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-increased |(high)
Brain |cells |in |DI |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-shrink
Brain |cells |in |SIADH |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-swell
Weight |in |DI |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-decreases
Weight |is |SIADH |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-increases
fluid |treatment |in |DI |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-increase |intake
fluid |treatment |in |SIADH |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-restrict |intake
SIADH |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-High |levels |of |ADH, |released |continuously |(with |no |feedback |control); |triggered |by |stimuli |other |than |increased |osmolarity |and |decreased |ECF |volume.
SIADH |causes |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-tumors |of |the |CNS, |certain |drugs, |cancers, |common |with |critical |illness, |and |surgery
SIADH |is |aka |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Water |intoxication, |too |much |volume
SIADH |is |characterized |by: |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Water |retention
Water |retention |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-excessive |water |is |reabsorbed |by |distal |convoluted |tubule |and |collecting |ducts. |ADH |secretion |increases |the |amount |of |water |reabsorption |from |the |kidneys
Water |retention |is |characterized |by: |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Decreased |urine |output, |concentrated |urine |osmolarity |(urine |has |lots |of |solutes), |hypervolemia |(swollen, |DVT, |JVD)
Serum |and |Extracellular |fluid |volume |expands |and |dilutional |hyponatremia |develops |- |VERIFIED
|ANSWER✔✔-Serum |osmolality |is |low. |The |blood |is |diluted. |Na+ |level |decreases. |Extra |water |in |the |blood. |Cells |swell, |effects |of |cellular |swelling |on |neurons |can |be |profound |(confusion, |seizures, |coma)
Manifestations |of |SIADH |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Serum |hypo-osmolality |and |hyponatremia
Where |is |the |water |in |SIADH? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-outside |the |cell, |in |the |tissues
SIADH |Treatment |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-fluid |restriction, |Diuretics, |Hypertonic |IV |saline |solution
Why |should |vasopressin |be |used |with |caution |in |patients |with |CAD |or |PVD? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-it |is |a |powerful |vasoconstrictant
What |are |some |nursing |implications |for |vasopressin? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-If |patient |inadvertently |takes |too |much |drug, |assess |for |s/s |of |water |intoxication: |drowsiness, |listlessness, |and |headache. |Assess |for |vasoconstrictive |effects: |angina, |hypertension, |gangrene |of |extremities. |Assess |compliance |- |lifelong |administration: |delivered |by |nasal |spray. |Tablet |for |enuresis. |Monitor |I |and |O, |daily |weight
Anterior |Pituitary |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--Anatomically |separate |from |the |hypothalamus, |but |functionally |connected |to |it |via |its |blood |supply
-In |response |to |hormone |activation |from |hypothalamus, |anterior |pituitary |will |secrete |various |hormones
-a |major |target |organ |for |hypothalamus |hormones |with |release |of |its |own |hormones
Hormones |produced |by |Anterior |Pituitary |include: |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--Somatotropic |hormones
-Thyroid |stimulating |hormone |(TSH)
-Adrenocorticotropin |(ACTH) |hormone
-Follicle |stimulating |hormone |(FSH) |
-Lutenizing |hormone |(LH)
Somatotropic |hormones |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--Growth |hormone
-Prolactin
Thyroid |stimulating |hormone |(TSH) |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Thyrotropin |controls |the |release |of |thyroid |hormone |from |the |thyroid |gland
Adrenocorticotropin |(ACTH) |hormone |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Controls |the |release |of |cortisol |from |the |adrenal |gland
Growth |hormone |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--Also |called |somatotropin
-Released |from |the |anterior |pituitary |in |response |to |growth-hormone |releasing |factor |(GHRF) |from |the |hypothalamus
-Acts |directly |on |most |body |tissues, |promoting |protein |deposits |that |are |essential |for |growth
-Increases |the |mobilization |of |fatty |acids
-Decreases |glucose |utilization |(insulin |resistance |is |increased)
-No |specific |target |organ
Will |blood |sugar |increase |or |decrease |with |growth |hormone? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-increase
Deficiency |of |Growth |Hormone |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--Caused |by |decreased |secretion |of |GhRF |or |GH, |tumors, |radiation, |trauma
-Impairs |normal |growth |and |development |in |infants, |children |and |adolescents |(when |GH |is |normally |secreted |in |higher |amounts).
-Treated |with |synthetic |GH |subcutaneously | 3 |to | 7 |days |a |week. |Prior |to |closure |of |epiphyseal |plates |(in |children)
-Goal: |improved |growth |velocity |and |attainment |of |an |adult |height |that |is |normal |for |the |individual's |genetic |background.
Sermorelin |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--Synthetic |growth |hormone-releasing |factor
-Acts |like |natural |GhRH: |acts |on |the |anterior |pituitary |to |stimulate |release |of |GH
-Use |for |treatment |in |GH |deficiency |in |children |to |normalize |growth |and |development
-Contraindicated |after |epiphyseal |closure
-Must |have |a |functioning |pituitary. |
-Monitor |height/weight
giantism |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-hypersecretion |of |GH |during |childhood, |resulting |in |abnormal |increase |in |the |length |of |long |bones |and |extreme |height |but |with |body |proportions |remaining |about |normal
acromegaly |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-hypersecretion |of |GH |during |adulthood. |causes |increased |bone |density |and |width |of |bones |enlarge. |ie: |lower |jaw, |hands, |face, |and |feet
We |need |an |adequate |supply |of |iodine |in |our |diet |for |thyroid |hormone |to |be |produced |because |-
|VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-the |thyroid |gland |takes |iodine |from |the |blood |to |make |thyroid |hormones
When |thyroid |hormone |levels |get |low |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-TRH |is |released |from |the |hypothalamus
TRH |Stimulates |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-thyroid-stimulating |hormone |(TSH) |release |from |the |anterior |pituitary
TSH |target |organ |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-thyroid |gland
thyroid |gland |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-secretes |thyroid |hormones
TSH |stimulates |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-all |aspects |of |thyroid |function, |including |release |of |T3 |and |T
Function |of |Thyroid |Hormones |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-regulation |of |protein |synthesis, |basal |metabolic |rate |(BMR), |which |is |the |rate |of |heat |production |and |energy |expenditure |in |the |body, |gluconeogenesis |and |cellular |uptake |of |glucose, |the |force |and |rate |of |cardiac |contractions, |normal |development |of |CNS, |the |responsiveness |of |target |cells |(beta-receptors) |to |catecholamines, |thus |increasing |heart |rate |and |causing |heightened |emotional |responsiveness
Goiter |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Enlarged |thyroid |glands, |Appears |in |both |hypofunction |or |hyperfunction |of |the |thyroid, |can |be |caused |by |iodine |deficiency
The |thyroid |gland |enlarges |as |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-an |attempt |to |produce |sufficient |amounts |of |thyroid |hormones |or |in |response |to |overproduction |of |hormones
Low |iodine |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-when |iodine |availability |is |low, |production |of |thyroid |hormones |decreases. |This |promotes |the |release |of |TSH |which |causes |thyroid |size |to |increase |(goiter)
High |iodine |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-when |iodine |levels |are |high, |uptake |of |iodine |is |suppressed, |and |synthesis |and |release |of |thyroid |hormones |decline
Serum |T4 |test |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-measures |total |(bound |plus |free) |thyroxine, |reflects |overall |thyroid |activity, |used |for |initial |screening |of |thyroid |function, |decreased |in |hypothyroid |(primary), |increased |in |hyperthyroid
Serum |T3 |test |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Measures |total |(bound |plus |free) |triiodothyronine, |Useful |in |diagnosing |hyperthyroidism
Serum |TSH |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Most |sensitive |test |for |diagnosis |of |hypothyroidism |because |small |reductions |in |T3 |and |T4 |cause |dramatic |increase |in |TSH
Hypothyroidism |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Most |common |thyroid |disorder, |Results |from |decreased |levels |of |circulating |thyroid |hormone
Hypothyroidism |caused |by: |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-autoimmune |diseases |(Hashimoto's), |insufficient |iodine |in |the |diet, |surgical |removal |of |the |thyroid, |destruction |of |the |thyroid |by |radiation, |neoplasms, |severe |trauma, |Infections, |congenital
Primary |Hypothyroidism |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Results |from |pathologic |process |that |destroys |thyroid |gland |(high |TSH, |low |thyroid |hormone)
Secondary |Hypothyroidism |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Caused |by |deficiency |of |pituitary |TSH |secretion |(low |TSH, |low |thyroid |hormone); |May |be |med |induced: |(Iodide, |PTU, |Sulfonamides, |Amiodarone, |Interleukin |2, |Interferon |alpha)
Cretinism |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-deficiency |occurs |during |embryonic |and |neonatal |life |(causes |mental |retardation |and |derangement |of |growth) |(born |with |hypothyroidism)
what |will |a |baby |with |cretinism |look |like? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-larger
How |is |a |baby |with |cretinism |going |to |act? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-sweet |and |happy, |calm |and |NOT |fussy
Hyperthyroidism |Caused |by |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Dysfunction |of |the |thyroid |gland, |the |pituitary, |or |the |hypothalamus |(Overactive); |Excessive |intake |of |thyroid |hormones
Hyperthyroidism |aka |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Thyrotoxicosis
Hyperthyroidism |causes |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Graves |disease |(more |common), |Toxic |nodular |goiter
Graves |Disease |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Autoimmune |disease |in |which |developed |antibodies |stimulate |TSH |production |and |inappropriately |activate |production |of |thyroid |hormones |(T3 |& |T4)
symptoms |of |graves |disease |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--Adrenergic |stimulation- |BMR
-Tachycardia |and |palpitations
-Heat |intolerance-excessive |sweating
-Nervousness
-Thin |hair |and |skin
-Tremor
-Large |and |protruding |eyeballs-exophthalmos
-Weight |loss |with |hunger
Because |increased |amounts |of |thyroid |hormones |reach |the |cells... |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-all |metabolic |activities |are |increased |the |BMR |rises, |energy |expenditure |is |increased, |and |heat |production |rises
Thyrotoxic |Crisis |aka |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-thyroid |storm
Thyrotoxic |Crisis |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Life-threatening |complication
Thyrotoxic |Crisis |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--sudden |increase |in |thyroid |hormone |levels
-uncontrolled |fever |- | 100 |to | 106 |degrees
-significant |tachycardia, |dysrhythmias
-profuse |diaphoresis
-shock
-vomiting
-dehydration
-CNS: |hyperkinesis, |anxiety, |and |confusion
Drug |Treatment |of |Hyperthyroidism |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Thiomides: |PTU, |Tapazole
Thiomides |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--Stops |the |thyroid |from |making |thyroid |hormone!
-Does |not |destroy |existing |thyroid |stores
-Overuse |converts |to |hypothyroid |state
-Monitor |levels |of |T4 |and |T
-Goiter |associated |with |prolonged |use
-PTU |is |preferred |treatment |during |pregnancy |and |breast |feeding
Iodine |Compounds |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Decrease |the |size |and |vascularity |of |the |gland
Radioactive |Iodine |(131I) |- |DOC |for |Graves |Dx |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--Used |to |destroy |thyroid |tissue |(goal |is |to |avoid |destroying |too |much)
-Does |not |affect |surrounding |tissue
-Monitor |bone |marrow
-Usually |1-3 |treatments, |full |effects |may |take |2-3 |months
-Contraindicated |with |pregnancy
Lugol's |solution, |SSKI |(Potassium |iodide) |- |nonradioactive |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--Used |preoperatively |to |decrease |vascularity |and |decrease |bleeding |risk
-Dilute |in |fruit |juice |for |taste, |stains |teeth
-Report |symptoms |of |iodism: |brassy |taste, |mouth |burning, |sore |gum |& |teeth
-Report |and |discontinue |if |severe |abdominal |distress |develops |from |toxicity
More |than | 30 |hormones |are |produced |by |the |adrenal |gland. |Of |these |hormones: |- |VERIFIED
|ANSWER✔✔--Aldosterone |is |the |principal |mineralocorticoid |- |Salt
-Cortisol |(hydrocortisone) |the |major |glucocorticoid |- |Sugar
-Estrogens |and |Androgens, |the |Sex |hormones
What |regulates |hormone |release? |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--Glucocorticoids |are |regulated |by |the |hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal |negative |feedback
-Secretion |of |Aldosterone |is |regulated |by |renin-angiotensin |mechanism
Glucocorticoids |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--Essential |for |survival
-Cortisol |(hydrocortisone) |is |the |major |glucocorticoid
Major |actions |of |Glucocorticoids |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--Regulate |mood
-Suppress |the |immune |and |inflammatory |response
-Increase |breakdown |of |Protein |and |Fats
-Inhibit |insulin |release
Mineralocorticoids |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--Play |an |essential |role |in |regulating |fluid |and |mineral |balance |(sodium |and |potassium)
-Aldosterone |stimulates |kidneys |to |retain |Na |& |water |and |lose |K+
androgens |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-chief |sex |hormones
Addison's |Disease |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--Hypofunction |of |Adrenals
-Chronic |adrenal |insufficiency
-Caused |by |destruction |of |adrenal |glands
-Autoimmune |response |- |most |common
-Deficient |cortisol |secretion, |may |have |↓ |aldosterone |and |androgen |production
-Add |steroids
Addison's |Disease |Clinical |manifestations |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--Not |enough |aldosterone |will |decrease |Na+ |and |water |and |increase |K+. |Most |of |the |S&S |will |initially |come |from |HYPERKALEMIA
-Cortisol |insufficiency |causes |diminished |gluconeogenesis, |decreased |liver |glycogen, |and |increased |sensitivity |of |peripheral |tissues |to |insulin.
-Blood |sugar |is |going |to |go |decrease
-Symptoms |are |often |vague |& |may |not |be |apparent |until |80-90% |of |the |adrenals |have |been |destroyed
People |with |Addison's |Disease |commonly |complain |of... |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--Chronic |fatigue, |muscle |weakness
-N |& |V
-Anorexia |and |weight |loss
-Occasional |acute |abdominal |distress
-Salt |cravings |(dt |↓ |aldosterone |and |resulting |hyponatremia)
-Hypoglycemia
-Hyperpigmentation |à |bronzing |of |skin
With |persistent |insufficient |amts. |of |cortisol |and |aldosterone |the |body |becomes: |- |VERIFIED
|ANSWER✔✔-Weak, |Dehydrated |and |unable |to |maintain |BP
Treatment |- |Addison |Dx |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--Combat |the |fluid |volume |deficit
-Why |are |they |losing |volume? |-> |not |enough |aldosterone |and |losing |water |and |Na+
-Hormone |replacement |therapy
-Oral |corticosteroids |(Replace |cortisol)
-Prednisone, |Cortisone, |Hydrocortisone
-Sometimes |mineralocorticoids |(Replace |aldosterone)
-Fludrocortisone
-Maintains |Na+/K+ |balance
-Increase |salt |in |the |diet |-> |daily |weights |to |check
-Will |need |replacement |therapy |for |life
-Adjunct |to |surgical |removal |of |tumor
-Drugs |that |↓ |corticosteroid |production
-Aminoglutethimide |(Cytadren)
-Can |expect |resolution |within |one |year |after |removal |of |tumor.
-Striae |will |persist
Pheochromocytoma |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--A |rare |cause |of |secondary |hypertension
-It |is |an |adrenal |medullary |tumor |that |releases |excessive |amounts |of |catecholamines |(epi |and |norepi) |generally |in |an |intermittent |manner.
-Will |have |surges |of |epi |and |norepi
-Are |benign |in |95% |of |cases
Diagnosis:
-Vanylmandelic |Acid |Test
-24-hour |Urine |test |looking |for |increased |levels |of |epi |and |norepi
Clinical |manifestations:
-severe |HTN: |250/140 |mm |Hg) |lasting |minutes |to |hours
-pounding |headaches
-palpitations, |dysrhythmias
-diaphoresis
Treatment: |
-surgical |resection |of |pheochromocytoma
Parathyroid |Glands |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--Four |in |number, |lie |posterior |and |adjacent |to |the |thyroid |gland
Function:
-regulate |the |serum |levels |of |calcium
-control |rate |of |bone |metabolism
-regulates |phosphorus |levels
Parathyroid |glands |secrete |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-PTH |(parathyroid |hormone)
PTH |is |released |and |acts |on |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-bones, |renal |tubules, |and |intestinal |mucosa
Directly |regulated |by |negative |feedback |system |of |the |circulating |blood |levels |of |___________ |-
|VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-calcium
As |calcium |levels |fall |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-more |PTH |is |secreted; |as |calcium |levels |rise, |hormone |secretion |is |reduced
PTH |maintains |extracellular |calcium |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Bone, |GI |System, |Kidneys
Bone |PTH |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-increases |the |rate |at |which |calcium |is |released |from |the |bone |which |leads |to |an |overall |loss |of |bone |mass
GI |System |PTH |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-indirectly |controls |the |rate |at |which |calcium |is |absorbed |from |the |GI |tract |by |increasing |Vitamin |D |activation
Kidneys |PTH |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-causes |tubular |calcium |reabsorption |and |increases |phosphate |excretion
Hyperparathyroidism |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔--Do |not |have |normal |feedback |mechanism
-Too |much |PTH |despite |Ca |level |à |negative |feedback |broken
Will |see:
-increased |Ca |levels
-decrease |or |stay |the |same |Phos |levels
Does |the |↑ |serum |Ca |help?
-Too |much |PTH |causes |Ca |to |be |removed |from |bone |into |serum, |therefore |serum |calcium |level |rises |(hypercalcemia)
