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NURS 330 Pharmacology Unit 1 2025 Exam
Questions And Answers Guaranteed A Pass
Sure A+
drug any chemical that affects the physiologic processes of a living organism drug actions The processes involved in the interaction between a drug and body cells (e.g., the action of a drug on a receptor protein); also called mechanism of action. Drug classification A method of grouping drugs; may be based on structure or therapeutic use. drug effects The physiologic reactions of the body to a drug. They can be therapeutic or toxic and describe how the body is affected as a whole by the drug. Drug interactions
Alteration in the pharmacologic or pharmacokinetic activity of a given drug caused by the presence of one or more additional drugs; it is usually related to effects on the enzymes required for metabolism of the involved drugs. duration of action The length of time the concentration of a drug in the blood or tissues is sufficient to elicit a response. first-pass effect The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation through the bloodstream. generic name The name given to a drug by the United States Adopted Names Council. Also called the nonproprietary name. The generic name is much shorter and simpler than the chemical name and is not protected by trademark. half-life in pharmacokinetics, the time required for half of an administered dose of drug to be eliminated by the body, or the time it takes for the blood level of a drug to be reduced by 50%
The prescribing, dispensing, and administering of medications, and the monitoring of their effects. metabolite A chemical form of a drug that is the product of one or more biochemical reactions involving the parent drug. onset of actions The time required for a drug to elicit a therapeutic response after dosing. parent drug the chemical form of a drug that is administered before it is metabolized by the body into its active or inactive metabolites peak effect the time required for a drug to reach its maximum therapeutic response in the body peak level The maximum concentration of a drug in the body after administration, usually measured in a blood sample for therapeutic drug monitoring.
pharmaceutics The science of preparing and dispensing drugs, including dosage form design. Pharmodynamics what the drug does to the body Pharmacoeconomics The study of economic factors impacting the cost of drug therapy. Pharmacogenomics The study of the influence of genetic factors on drug response that result in the absence, overabundance, or insufficiency of drug-metabolizing enzymes Pharmacognosy The study of drugs that are obtained from natural plant and animal sources. Pharmacokinetics
adverse drug event any undesirable occurrence related to administering or failing to administer a prescribed medication adverse drug reaction any unexpected, unintended, undesired, or excessive response to a medication given at therapeutic dosages (as opposed to overdose) Adverse effects A general term for any undesirable effects that are a direct response to one or more drugs. agonist a drug that binds to and inhibits the activity of one or more receptors in the body antagonist A drug that binds to and inhibits the activity of one or more receptors in the body. Antagonists are also called inhibitors.
antagonist effects drug interactions in which the effect of a combination of two or more drugs is less than the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone(1+1= 1), usually caused by an antagonized (blocking or reducing) effect of one drug on another Bioavailability A measure of the extent of drug absorption for a given drug and route (from 0% to 100%). Biotransformation One or more biochemical reactions involving a parent drug; occurs mainly in the liver and produces a metabolite that is either inactive or active. Also known as metabolism. blood-brain barrier The barrier system that restricts the passage of various chemicals and microscopic entities (e.g., bacteria, viruses) between the bloodstream and the central nervous system. It still allows for the passage of essential substances such as oxygen. chemical name The name that describes the chemical composition and molecular structure of a drug.
Drug interactions in which the effect of a combination of two or more drugs with similar actions is greater than the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone theraputic drug monitoring The process of measuring drug levels to identify a patient's drug exposure and to allow adjustment of dosages with the goals of maximizing therapeutic effects and minimizing toxicity. Therapeutic effect The desired or intended effect of a particular medication. therapeutic index the ratio between the toxic and therapeutic concentrations of a drug tolerance reduced response to a drug after prolonged use toxic the quality of being poisonous (i.e., injurious to health or dangerous to life)
toxicity The condition of producing adverse bodily effects due to poisonous qualities. toxicology the study of poisons, including toxic drug effects, and applicable treatments trade name the commercial name given to a drug product by its manufacturer; also called the proprietary name trough level The lowest concentration of drug reached in the body after it falls from its peak level, usually measured in a blood sample for therapeutic drug monitoring.
