NURS 311 FINAL EXAM PT 3 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
100% VERIFIED!!
Ph
7.35-7.45
PaCo2
35-45 mmhg (resp)
HCO3
22-26 meq/l (metabolic)
PaO2
80-100 mmhg
Anion gap
8-12 meq/l
BE
+- 2
O2 SAT
95-100 %
Acidosis
below 7.35
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Guidelines and tips
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Community
Ask the community
Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts
University Rankings
Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users
Free resources
Our save-the-student-ebooks!
Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors
NURS 311 FINAL EXAM PT 3 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED!!, Exams of Nursing
NURS 311 FINAL EXAM PT 3 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED!!
Typology: Exams
2024/2025
1 / 16
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
Related documents
Partial preview of the text
Download NURS 311 FINAL EXAM PT 3 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED!! and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
NURS 311 FINAL EXAM PT 3 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
1 00% VERIFIED!!
Ph 7.35-7.
PaCo 35-45 mmhg (resp)
HCO 22-26 meq/l (metabolic)
PaO 80-100 mmhg
Anion gap 8-12 meq/l
BE +- 2
O2 SAT 95-100 %
Acidosis below 7.
Alkalosis over 7.
Respiratory acidosis causes hypoventilation, narcotics, sedatives, pulmonary edema, atelectasis, pneumothorax, and massive pulmonary embolism
Metabolic acidosis causes renal failure, severe sepsis, aspirin overdose, starvations, diarrhea, pancreatitis, hyperkalemia
Respiratory alkalosis causes hyperventilation due to →anxiety, fear, exercise, fever, early sepsis, pregnancy, and hypoxemia
Metabolic alkalosis ingestion of excessive antacids, lactate in dialysate, electrolyte disorder (hypokalemia, hypochloremia, loop or thiazide diuretics, steroids, vomiting, bulimia, nasogastric suctioning
Stage 1 pressure injury nonblanchable erythema, skin is intact, usually over bony prominence (darker skin may show blue or purple tones)
Pressure injuries are caused by unrelieved pressure or shearing or medical devices like urinary cath, oxygen tubing (or endotracheal tube) or drainage
Risk factors for pressure injurys -Immobility, malnutrition, reduced perfusion, altered sensation, decreased LOC -Exposure to moisture (incontinence), tearing, cuts, bruises and friction -Location→ heels, toes, sacrum, hips, elbows, shoulders
Complications in wounds Fever, extreme redness, warmth in the area, purulent drainage (thick yellow cloudy), maceration (water log→looks paler than rest of skin),
Dehiscence complete or partial separation of the suture and underlying tissue that occurs when a wound fails to properly heal (can occur 7-10 days after surgery) proceed by serosanguineous discharge from wound →can be managed by secondary intention or abdominal binder or neg pressure therapy
Evisceration when suture line opens and intra abdominal organs pop out Emergency →sterile saline soaked dressing placed over until taken into surgery again
Localized infection cellulitis, redness, around wound, skin is warm, exudate, foul odor
Systemic infection sepsis, fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, hypotension, high blood sugar, increased wbc count, & change in mental status
Wound culture -Clean with 0.9% normal saline and then swab with sterile q tip, margin to margin in a 10 point zig zag -Use enough pressure to express fluid from the wound tissue -Place swab in culture medium→label and send to lab→ redress the wound
Irrigation with 0.9% normal saline solution to removes surface materials and decrease bacterial levels in the wound
Enzymatic (biological) ointments (collangense) or larvae (eat away dead skin) clear dead tissue and debri
Surgical removal scalpel or scissor
Vitamin A leafy green vegetables, orange or yellow vegetables, orange fruits, fortified dairy products, liver, sweet potatoes
Vitamin E nuts, seeds, spinach and broccoli
Vitamin C Citrus fruits and juices, strawberries, tomatoes, peppers, potatoes with the skin, spinach, broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, Brussel sprouts
Zinc Red meats, poultry, seafood, eggs, liver, beans, lentils, whole grain foods
Nutrition for healing Protein: Vitamin Vitamin E: Vitamin C: Zinc: Hydration
Colloids
albumin
Crystalloids hypertonic hypotonic isotonic
Hypotonic <240 mOsm/l (0.45%)- solution that has a fewer solutes than cell compartments and results in fluid moving into the cell
Hypertonic
340mOsm/L(3%)- solution that has more solutes than are present within the cell and results in fluid moving out of cell
Isotonic 240-340 mOsm/l (0.9%)- solution that has the same number if solutions than cell compartments and results in no fluid moving in or out of cell
RBC count (males 4.7-6.1), (females 4.2-5.4)
CM: coolness surrounding site, leaking of fluid, edema, pallor, pain, burning
Phlebitis (IV complication) inflammation of the inner lining of the vein that can be caused by cannula movement, inadequate dressing, speed of fluid, med type, length of therapy, failure of aseptic technique →painful, swelling, erythema, fever
Fluid overload (IV complication) too much fluid is administered quickly
Infection (IV complication) redness, swelling, induration, purulent, draining, pain, possible fever
Air embolism (IV complication) obstruction of vessel caused by air → due to CVAD, not priming tube
Sodium 136-
Hyponatremia (salt loss)- stupor/coma
anorexia (N/V) lethargy tendon reflexes (decrease) limp muscles (weakness) orthostatic hypotension seizures/headaches stomach cramping
Hypernatremia (fried salt) flushed skin & fever restlessness (irritable, anxious, confused) increase bp & fluid retention edema (peripheral & pitting) decreased urine output & dry mouth skin flushed agitation low grd fever thirst
Foods high in sodium roasted ham, shrimp, vegetable juice, canned soup, cottage cheese, vanilla pudding, frozen pizza
Chloride 97- Maintain of ECF→direct relationship w/ NA; balances ICF & ECF, acid base balance, works w/ mg & ca for nerve and muscles
Calcium 9-10.
Hypocalcemia -trousseaus sing
-watch for arrhythmias
-increase in bowel sounds
-tetany (muscle spasms)
-chvosteks sign
-hypotension
twitch
-fingers, toes, mouth
-bronchospasm
-impaired clotting time
-seizures
-irritability, anxiety
-diarrhea
Hypercalcemia (back me) bone pain arrhythmias cardiac arrest kidney stones muscle weakness excessive urination
Foods high in calcium american cheese, plain yogurt, almond milk, orange juice, low fat milk
Hypermagnesemia -cardiac arrest -drowsiness/coma -decreased RR -diaphoresis -flushing -hypotension -hypoactive reflexes -muscle weakness
Food high in magnesium spinach, pumpkin seeds, black beans, cashews, dark chocolate, avocados, salmon, banana, tofu
Phosphorus 2.5-4. Inverse relationship w/calcium→ bone and teeth formation, neuromuscular activity, cellular activity