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NURS 300 Pharmacology Test 1/Midterm prep Exam 2025
Winter-Spring Semester Graded A+ With Answers (Verified
BYU Exam)
What are good qualities and characteristics a manager should display?
- Leadership
- Clinical expertise
- Business sense What is informational management?
- Represent employees
- Represent organization
- Public relations monitoring Utilizes information What is interpersonal management?
- Networking
- Conflict negotiation/resolution
- Employee development
- Coaching What is decisional management?
- Employee evaluation
- Resource allocation
- Hiring/firing
- Planning
- Job analysis/redesign
What are the beliefs of a theory X manager?
- People do not want to work
- Manager job is to make sure they work What do theory X managers put into practice?
- Strict rules
- Constant supervision
- Threaten punishment What are the beliefs of a theory Y manager? Work will motivate people if there is supportive environment What do theory Y managers put into practice?
- Guidance
- Development
- Rewards What are interpersonal activities? What is servant leadership? Leads to serve others What are qualities of a servant leader?
- Empathy
- Awareness
- Healing What do servant leaders believe? People have value as people, not workers
- High leader activity
- Shared responsibility
- Creative, high quality output
- Less efficient than autocratic What are laissez-faire leadership characteristics?
- Much freedom
- Little control
- Decisions may not be present
- Minimal leader activity
- Abdicated responsibility
- Variable, poor quality group output
- Inefficient What is Task vs. Relationship? Balancing tasks vs. employee relationships; effective leaders can balance the two What are Motivation Theories? Theories that typically focus on the role of managers, co-workers, working environment and the way things are being done in an organisation as motivational factors What are Situational Theories? The effectiveness of a particular style of leader behavior depends on the situation As situations change, different styles become appropriate What is transformational leadership? Leadership that, enabled by a leader's vision and inspiration, exerts significant influence What is Emotional Intelligence? The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions when leading
What is Moral Leadership? Has integrity and appears to others as "good" or "right" by ethical standards What is Caring Leadership? Combination of servant leadership and emotional intelligence What do emotionally intelligent leaders recognize?
- Own emotions
- Other's feelings What is adaptive leadership? Flexible, willing to change What is charismatic leadership? Leader has magnetic personality that attracts people to them What is authentic leadership? Demonstrate integrity, character, and honesty in relating to others What is Level 5 leadership?
- Pursues goals
- Gives credit where its due
- Takes responsibility for mistakes What is mindful leadership?
- Thoughtful
- Analytic
- Open to ideas What is narcissistic leadership?
- Self aware What are behaviors of effective leaders?
- Critically think
- Solve problems
- Set goals
- Share vision
- Communicate skillfully
- Develop self/others What is BHAG? Big, hairy, audacious goals. Sets successful people apart from unsuccessful ones What is Maslow's theory? Lower needs must be fulfilled before activating others What is Herzberg theory? Two factors that influence motivation; absence of hygiene factors can create job satisfaction but their presence does not motivate or increase satisfaction What is McClelland theory? Motivation results from need for achievement, need for affiliation, and need for power What is scientific management? Given a well-designed task and enough incentive to get the work done, workers will be more productive. What is human relations-based management? Encompasses theory x and y
What type of behaviors would followers use to be effective in the workplace?
- If you discover a problem, inform your team leader or manager right away.
- Include a suggestion for solving the problem in your report.
- Freely invest your interest and energy in your work.
- Be supportive of new ideas and new directions suggested by others.
- When you disagree, explain why.
- Listen carefully and reflect on what your leader or manager says.
- Continue to learn as much as you can about your specialty area.
- Share what you learn. What are poor qualities of a nurse manager?
- Know-it-all
- Emotionally remote
- Purely mean
- Overly nice
- Afraid to decide What are some things a winner would say?
- "We have a real challenge here"
- "I'll give it my best"
- "That's great!"
- "We can do it!"
- "Yes" What are some things a whiner would say?
- "This is a terrible problem."
- "Can't someone else do it?"
- "That's nice, I guess."
- "That's not going to work"
- "Maybe" How do literature reviews help to confirm your findings with evidence-based practice?
What are the three major benefits of nursing clinical research?
- Provide best evidence for EBP
- Support nursing as a separate professional discipline
- Define current best practice standards of nursing care What is quantitative research? Number/fact based What is qualitative research? Subjective, less measureable What is independet research? Conducted by individual in specific area What is translational research? Systematic approach of converting research in to healthcare application What elements are involved with structured care methodologies?
- Clinical practice guidelines
- Protocols
- Algorithms
- Standards of care What is a sentinel event? An unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or psychological injury What is a Never Event? Shocking medical errors that should never occur
What elements need to be met for everyone to accept once changes occur?
- Clear communication
- Opportunities for input
- Preparation for change
- Demonstration/benefits of change What are major sources of resistance to change?
- Technical concerns
- Personal needs
- Position
- Power What are active ways to recognize resistance?
- Attacking an idea
- Refusal to change
- Argue against change
- Organizing resistance What are passive ways to recognize resistance?
- Avoiding discussion
- Ignoring change
- Refusing to commit to change
- Agreeing but not acting What are psychological needs that can lower change resistance?
- Express approval of interest
- Recognize team competence/skill
- Provide assurance
- Explain opportunities for growth
- Involve a lot of people
- Provide opportunities for expression
- Allow time for practice and learning
What is autonomy? Freedom to make decisions for oneself What is non-malficence? Requires no harm be done What is beneficence? Demands that good be done for the benefit of others What is justice? Treat everyone equally What is fidelity? Promise to fulfill all committments What is confidentiality? Anything pt says is held in confidence What is veracity? Requires nurses to be truful What is accountability? Accepting responsibility for actions What is informed consent? Inform the patient of the possible risk and outcome of a procedure What is implied consent?
When you explain the procedure to the patient and they make a gesture that implies their permission to proceed, such as extending their arm, rolling up their sleeve or nodding their head. What is the role of the state board of nursing?
- Develop standards
- Define responsibillities
- Regulate standards of practice What is the mission of the state board of nursing? Protect the public What are standards of practice? Guidelines to ensure quality of care What does the legal system look to in helping to guide what the minimum level of competent care is? Standards of practice Who is responsible with developing and guiding the responsibilities of standards of practice? State board of nursing What are potential consequences of false documentation? Felony charges What are common actions that lead to malpractice suits?
- Failure to assess
- Failure to report changes
- Failure to document
- Falysifying documentation
- Failure to report coworker negligence
what is a more common term for Type I hypersensitivity reactions? allergic reaction which immunoglobulin mediates a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction? IgE pets (cats/dogs), beestings, foods (nuts/seafood), medications (penicillins) are common causes of which type of hypersensitivity reaction? type 1 which antibiotic is a common cause of type 1 hypersensitivity reactions penicillin how soon after exposure does a reaction occur during a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction? almost immediate (15-20 mins) which type of hypersensitivity reaction is the only one NOT mediated by B cells? which immune cell is it mediated by instead? Type IV; mediated by T cells hypersensitivity reactions are specific to each ______ antigen does a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction typically occur with the first or subsequent exposure to an antigen? subsequent; occurs after being sensitized to the antigen already during a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction, why does a reaction occur with the subsequent exposure to an antigen and not the first exposure?
the first exposure is when the B cells start to produce antibodies---> second exposure is when the antibodies go to work the following are key cells involved in which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
- B lymphocytes
- Mast cells (granulocyte)
- IgE antibodies Type 1 B cell exposed----> turns into plasma cell and produces IgE antibodies----> IgE antibodies attach to mast cell type 1 hypersensitivity reaction potent vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, bronchial smooth muscle constriction, and stimulation of irritant receptors happen when _____ _______ are released during a type ______ hypersensitivity reaction chemical mediators; 1 what immune cells are involved with a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction?
- B lymphocytes
- Mast cells (granulocytes)
- IgE antibodies which response to chemical mediators causes stuffy nose, low BP, and wheals on skin? vasodilation which response to chemical mediators causes EDEMA and a runny nose? increased vascular permeability is anaphylaxis a systemic or local reaction? systemic
Which two immunoglobulins are involved with the type 2 hypersensitivity reaction? IgG and IgM erythroblastosis fetalis is which type of hypersensitivity reaction? type 2 What is erythroblastosis fetalis? mother and baby have incompatible blood types; mother maybe attacking Rh+ in second fetus, first child is fine but during 1st childbirth blood exposure creates antibodies to attack second child when the wrong blood is given, which type of hypersensitivity reaction occurs? type 2 during a blood transfusion with the wrong blood, what would you expect to see happen to the patient's BP and HR? increase in HR and decrease in BP which of these are seen during a type 2 hypersensitivity reaction to a blood transfusion?
- chest pain
- back pain
- flank pain
- arm pain chest and back pain why will someone feel anxious/restless during a blood transfusion when they are given the wrong blood? because they can feel that something is wrong
what happens during a type 3 hypersensitivity reaction? antigen-antibody complexes form---> are deposited into tissues---> causes inflammatory response---> leads to damage which type of hypersensitivity reaction is when antigen-antibody complexes form?
- type 1
- type 2
- type 3
- type 4 type 3 the following are the etiologies for which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
- autoimmune attack or low grade infection
- inhaled antigens from mold or contaminated plants type 3 which two immunoglobulins are involved with type 3 hypersensitivity reactions? (hint: same as type 2) IgG and IgM the following are immune cells involved with which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
- IgG
- IgM
- complement
- mast cells and neutrophils type 3 rheumatoid arthritis, glomerulonephritis, lupus, and other autoimmune conditions are caused by which type of hypersensitivity reaction? type 3
