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NURS 300 APPLIED Pharmacology Exam 2 LATEST 2025 WINTER-SPRING SEMESTER BYU 100% CORRECT A, Exams of Pharmacology

Brigham Young University (BYU)Pharmacology

NURS 300 APPLIED Pharmacology Exam 2 LATEST 2025 WINTER-SPRING SEMESTER BYU 100% CORRECT ANSWERS (GRADED A) Primary care - Focuses on improved health outcomes for an entire population by promoting regular health care visits, health education, proper nutrition, maternal/child health care, family planning, immunizations, and control of diseases. - Requires collaboration among health professionals, health care leaders, and community members. - Focuses on health education and nutrition

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NURS 300 APPLIED Pharmacology Exam 2 LATEST 2025 WINTER-

SPRING SEMESTER BYU 100% CORRECT ANSWERS (GRADED A)

Primary care

- Focuses on improved health outcomes for an entire population by promoting regular health

care visits, health education, proper nutrition, maternal/child health care, family planning,

immunizations, and control of diseases.

- Requires collaboration among health professionals, health care leaders, and community

members.

- Focuses on health education and nutrition

Preventive care

-More disease oriented and focused on reducing and controlling risk factors for disease through

activities such as immunization and occupational health programs.

ie. screenings, immunizations, wellness child visits

-Preventive care can occur in primary care settings

Levels of Preventive Care

- Local prevention

- State prevention

- National prevention

Primary Care Workflow

-Practicing strategies to improve quality, reduce costs, and better satisfy the needs of patients

and families

-Incorporating preventive services and self-management support into care

-Empowering clinic staff to implement effective workflow redesign changes

-Developing leadership for change and ongoing quality improvement

School healthcare

Partial preview of the text

Download NURS 300 APPLIED Pharmacology Exam 2 LATEST 2025 WINTER-SPRING SEMESTER BYU 100% CORRECT A and more Exams Pharmacology in PDF only on Docsity!

NURS 300 APPLIED Pharmacology Exam 2 LATEST 2025 WINTER-

SPRING SEMESTER BYU 100% CORRECT ANSWERS (GRADED A)

Primary care

Focuses on improved health outcomes for an entire population by promoting regular health care visits, health education, proper nutrition, maternal/child health care, family planning, immunizations, and control of diseases.
Requires collaboration among health professionals, health care leaders, and community members.
Focuses on health education and nutrition Preventive care
More disease oriented and focused on reducing and controlling risk factors for disease through activities such as immunization and occupational health programs. ie. screenings, immunizations, wellness child visits
Preventive care can occur in primary care settings Levels of Preventive Care
Local prevention
State prevention
National prevention Primary Care Workflow
Practicing strategies to improve quality, reduce costs, and better satisfy the needs of patients and families
Incorporating preventive services and self-management support into care
Empowering clinic staff to implement effective workflow redesign changes
Developing leadership for change and ongoing quality improvement School healthcare

Provides comprehensive care to children, such as flu vaccinations, vision and hearing screening, and emergency care.
In many cases they can help families manage a child's chronic illness, such as asthma.
The Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child model is an example of a collaborative approach. Occupational Healthcare
Provides individual and workplace assessments to enhance a worker's health and productivity.
May also provide health examinations. Healthcare Providers Office
Provides general or specialized care, such as for diabetes or cardiovascular disease.
Restrictions may occur based on healthcare insurance coverage Nurse-managed clinic
Provides healthcare services to a variety of constituents, including medically underserved, rural and urban residents, and school-based clinics
Care provided is based on scope of practice Parish Nursing Providing care often to the aging population and those without other access to health care, in local communities where the nurse generally lives.
Considered an alternative to usual healthcare services. Community Health Center
Provides comprehensive and culturally competent health care services to individuals who may or may not have access to medical care.
Services are provided regardless of the individual's ability to pay for service Secondary Care
Provided by a specialist or agency on referral by a primary health care provider.

Preventative
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Restorative
Continuing health care What are types of acute care? Secondary and Tertiary Examples of preventive and primary care
School health
Occupational health
Physicians' offices
Nurse-managed clinics
Block and parish nursing
Community centers What is an example of Secondary and Tertiary care? Hospitals can be both; depends on what services you are using. ie. ER is secondary, ICU is Tertiary ie. mental health facilities Restorative Care

Helps individuals regain maximal functional status and enhances quality of life through promotion of independence and self-care.
Usually follows early discharge from hospital ie. patient requires ongoing wound care and activity and exercise management until he recovers enough strength and function following surgery to independently resume normal ADL's ie. spinal chord injury ie. home care

Continuing care

For people who have disabilities, who were never functionally independent, or who have a terminal disease. ie. Nursing home, long term care (LTC), assisted living, adult day care ie. Palliative and Hospice care Health promotion programs
Reduces incidence of disease
Minimizes complications
Reduces the need for more expensive resources Discharge Planning
Begins upon admission
Develops plan for continuing care
Determines post-hospital destination
Identifies patient needs Restorative Services: Home Care examples
Health maintenance, education, illness, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease, palliation, rehabilitation
Durable medical equipment Restorative Services: Rehabilitation
Aimed at enabling people with disabilities to reach and maintain their optimal physical, sensory, intellectual, psychological, and social functional levels
Rehab services after acute care include physical, occupational, speech therapy, and social services
Rehab settings include rehab institutes with acute care centers, free-standing outpatient settings, and the home Restorative Care: Extended Care
Extended care facilities

Health Promotion Model

Defines health as a positive, dynamic state, not merely the absence of disease 1. Individual characteristics and experiences including prior related behavior and personal factors (biological, psychological, and sociocultural) lead to behavior specific cognitions and affect.

Prior related behavior include activity-related affect, perceived self-efficacy, perceived benefits of action, and perceived barriers to action while personal factors include interpersonal influences and situational influences and options, demand characteristics, esthetics.
The factors along with immediate competing demands and preferences lead to commitment to a plan of action, which further leads to a health-promoting behavioral outcome. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (level 1 bottom of pyramid) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Security, (level 3) Relationships, Love and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5 top of pyramid) Self Actualization Holistic Health Model Attempts to create conditions that promote optimal health Internal Variables Influencing Health Beliefs and Practices

Developmental stage
Intellectual background
Perception of functioning
Emotional factors
Spiritual Factors External Variables Influencing Health Beliefs and Practices
Family role and practices
Social determinants of health Health Promotion

Helps individuals maintain or enhance their present health. It motivates people to engage in healthy activities such as routine exercise and good nutrition to reach more stable levels of health. Health Education
Helps individuals develop greater understanding of their health and how to better manage their health risks
Includes providing information on topics such as physical awareness, stress management, and self-responsibility to enable individuals to improve their health. Three levels of prevention

Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention Primary Prevention True prevention that lowers the chances that a disease will develop Secondary Prevention Focuses on those who have health problems or illnesses and are at risk for developing complications or worsening conditions Tertiary Prevention Occurs when a defect or disability is permanent or irreversible Risk Factors Variables that increase the vulnerability of an individual or group to an illness or accident

Nonmodifiable risk factors
Modifiable risk factors
Environment

Illness Behavior Involves how people monitor their bodies and define and interpret their symptoms What are variables influencing illness and illness behavior?

Internal Variables: perception of illness and nature of illness
External Variables: Visibility of symptoms, social group, cultural background, economics, and accessibility to healthcare. Impact of illness on the patient and family
behavioral and emotional changes
impact on body image
impact on self-concept
impact on family roles
impact on family dynamics Challenges to healthcare
Uninsured patients
Reducing health care costs while maintaining high-quality care for patients
Improving access and coverage for more people
Encouraging healthy behaviors
Earlier hospital discharges result in more patients needing nursing homes or home care Culturally Congruent Care Based on individual's cultural beliefs, practices, values World view
Emic: insider
Etic: outsider Health Disparity a particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage

social determinants of health The conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age, shaped by the distribution of money, power, and resources at global, national, and local levels Marginalized Groups Gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender; people of color; people who are physically and/or mentally challenged; and people who are not college educated Intersectionality A research and policy model used to study the complexities of peoples lives and experiences What are the two categories of intersectionality?

Privilege
Oppression Cultural competences or cultural respect Meaningful and useful care strategies based on knowledge of the cultural heritage, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors of those whom they render care Core Measures key quality indicators that help health care institutions improve performance, increase accountability, and reduce costs Five Structures of Campinha-Bacote Model
Cultural awareness - Examine own biases
Cultural Knowledge - Education about diverse groups
Cultural skill - Assessment: both culture & physical
Cultural Encounters - Interactions with diverse patients
Cultural desire - Motivation of HCP to become culturally aware, knowledgeable and skillful in seeking cultural encounters

Nephron Nephron functional unit of kidneys that remove waste products from the blood and play a major role in the regulation of the F&E balance. PVR Post Void Residual- tells you how much urine is left over after the patient voids. Done with an ultrasound. Urinary Retention An accumulation of urine due to the inability of the bladder **common for patient to void small amounts of urine every two to three times per hour due to bladder not being fully emptied during urination Urinary Tract Infection

Usually E. coli
Results from catheterization or procedure (CAUTI)
4th most common HAI Urinary incontinence Bacteriuria Bacteria in the urine
asymptomatic - not infection, no treatment
Symptomatic - treat with antibiotic Symptoms of Bacteriuria
dysuria
urgency
frequency

incontinence
suprapubic tenderness
foul-smelling/cloudy urine Symptoms in older adults with UTI
Delirium
Confusion
Fatigue
Loss of appetite
Mental status changes
Falls How are UTI's characterized?
By location **Upper (kidney) **Lower (bladder, urethra) At what age do kids start to gain control of their bladder? Around 2 - 3 years old Urinary Treatment Assessment
Through patient's eyes (problem, treatment)
Self care ability
Cultural considerations
Health literacy (using terminology that is easy to understand)
Nursing history **Pattern of urination ** Symptoms of urinary alterations Functional Incontinence
Incontinence that is due to something that is outside of the urinary tract (ie. cognitive impairment, inability to walk, lack of care from caregiver)

Malpractice: type of negligence, RN did not carry out duty of care and injury to pt occurred (ie PU or fall) Beginning and end-of-life nursing issues

Termination of pregnancy
Death with dignity or physician-assisted suicide Curriculum era 1900 - 1940s Research era 1950 - 1970s Graduate education era 1950 - 1970s Theory Era 1980 - 1990s Theory utilization era 2000s-today Types of theories

Grand: abstract, broad in scope, complex
Middle-range: Limited in scope and less abstract
Practice: Narrow in scope and focused
Descriptive: Describe phenomena and identify circumstances in which phenomena occur
Prescriptive: Address nursing interventions for a phenomenon, guide practice change, and predict consequences

Theory-Based Nursing Practice Generates nursing knowledge for use in practice, thus supporting EBP Shared Theories

Borrowed or interdisciplinary
Explains phenomenon specific to the discipline that developed the theory
Several nursing theories are based on systems theory
Input/output
Feedback
Content Nursing theories provide nurses with perspectives from which to: analyze patient data Nightingales Environmental Theory
Environment as the focus of nursing care
Grand theory Peplau's Interpersonal Theory
Focus on interpersonal relations between nurse, patient, and patient's family
Phases: preorientation, orientation, working, resolution
Middle-range theory Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory
Focuses on patient's self-care needs
Continually assess how much self-care a patient is able to perform
Grand theory Leininger's Culture Care Theory
Theory of cultural care diversity and universality
Integrates patient's cultural traditions, values, and beliefs into care plans
Middle-range theory

C = Comparison of interest O = Outcome T = Time Five phases of Translation Research Phase 1. Testing safety ad efficacy in a small group of human subjects Phase 2 & 3: Testing safety and efficacy in a larger group of human subjects and testing for comparison to standard treatment Phase 4: translation to practice Phase 5. Population level outcomes; translation to community Scientific Method

Foundation of research
Most reliable and objective means of acquiring and conducting research and gaining knowledge
A step by step process to ensure that findings from a study are valid, reliable, and generalizable to a similar group of subjects ***Study supports validity, reliability, and generalizability of the data Quantitative Research
Experimental
Nonexperimental research
Surveys
Evaluation research Qualitative Research
Ethnography
Phenomenology
Grounded theory Nursing Proccess

Assessment
Diagnosis

Planning
Implementation
Evaluation REFLECT R = Recalling events E = Examine your responses F = Feelings L = Learn from the experience E = Exploring options - what could have been done differently C = Creating a plan T = Time to complete plan Levels of Critical Thinking Level one: Basic Level two: Complex Level three: Commitment Steps of Scientific Method
Identify Problem
Collecting Data
Form hypothesis
Test hypothesis
Evaluate results ADPIE Assessment Diagnosis Planning Implementation Evaluation Proprioception

NURS 300 APPLIED Pharmacology Exam 2 LATEST 2025 WINTER-SPRING SEMESTER BYU 100% CORRECT A, Exams of Pharmacology

Related documents

Partial preview of the text

Download NURS 300 APPLIED Pharmacology Exam 2 LATEST 2025 WINTER-SPRING SEMESTER BYU 100% CORRECT A and more Exams Pharmacology in PDF only on Docsity!

NURS 300 APPLIED Pharmacology Exam 2 LATEST 2025 WINTER-

SPRING SEMESTER BYU 100% CORRECT ANSWERS (GRADED A)