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NURS 251 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS with 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS, Exams of Nursing

DeVry University-Texas Nursing

NURS 251 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS with 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 06/05/2024

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NURS 251 EXAM 2

QUESTIONS AND

ANSWERS with 100%

VERIFIED SOLUTIONS

skull

-rigid box that protects brain

-includes bones of cranial and face

-supported by cervical vertebra

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

What are the cranial bones?

sutures

adjacent cranial bones mesh at these (kids need these or else brain

cannot grow)

coronal, sagittal, lambdoid

What are the 3 sutures?

CV XI

What cranial nerve are the sternomastoid and trapezius innervated by?

sternomastoid

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Download NURS 251 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS with 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

NURS 251 EXAM 2

QUESTIONS AND

ANSWERS with 100%

VERIFIED SOLUTIONS

skull

rigid box that protects brain
includes bones of cranial and face
supported by cervical vertebra frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal What are the cranial bones? sutures adjacent cranial bones mesh at these (kids need these or else brain cannot grow) coronal, sagittal, lambdoid What are the 3 sutures? CV XI What cranial nerve are the sternomastoid and trapezius innervated by? sternomastoid

Which neck muscle enables head rotation and flexion and divides each side of neck into 2 triangles (anterior and posterior triangles)? trapezius (2 trap muscles) Which neck muscle moves shoulders and extends and turns head? Lymphatic system

major part of the immune system
detects and eliminates foreign substances from body
rich supply of lymph nodes
lymphatic drainage head and neck Where is the greatest supply of lymph nodes? lymphatic drainage
helps to prevent potentially harmful substances from entering the circulation preauricular lymph node that is in front of ear; 1 posterior auricular (mastoid) lymph node superficial to mastoid process; 2

Should you look for areas of infection above or below swollen lymph nodes? jugulodigastric lymph node that is under the angle of the mandible; 6 superficial cervical lymph node that is overlying the sternomastoid muscle; 7 deep cervical lymph node that is deep under sternomastoid muscle; 8 posterior cervical

lymph node that is in the posterior triangle along edge of trapezius muscle; 9

supraclavicular lymph node just above and behind clavicle, at sternomastoid muscle sutures and fontanels What are the bones of the neonatal skull separated by? fontanels

spaces in the neonatal skull where sutures intersect soft spots
membrane covered and allow for growth of brain during first year in the neonatal skull; gradually ossify 1 - 2 months When does the triangle-shaped posterior fontanel close? 9 months to 2 years When does the diamond-shaped anterior fontanel close? head size

difficult to palpate; check for enlargement, consistency, symmetry, and presence of nodules chloasma
during 2nd trimester in a pregnant female, this may appear on face
blotchy, hyper pigmented area over cheeks and forehead that fades after delivery thyroid gland
what may be palpable normally during pregnancy? kyphosis thoracic region lordosis lumbar region hydrocephalus

abnormal finding in pediatrics
obstruction of drainage of cerebrospinal fluid that results in excessive accumulation, increasing intracranial pressure, and enlargement of the head down syndrome
most common chromosomal abnormality with characteristic facial abnormalities plagiocephaly
positional or deformational due to sleeping position
head gets flat on side from laying in position (no hair) Graves Disease
thyroid disorder
goiter, eyelid retraction, exophthalmos hypothyroidism
thyroid disorder
puffy edematous face
periorbital edema
coarse facial features
coarse hair and eyebrows Cushing syndrome

classic "mask like" appearance, elevated eyebrows, staring gaze, oily skin and drooling due to dopamine deficiency cachectic appearance
sunken eyes, hollow cheeks, and defeated expression that accompanies chronic wasting diseases canthus corner of eye, angle where lids meet inner canthus
caruncle is small fleshy mass containing sebaceous glands conjuctiva transparent protective covering of eye

cornea

covers and protects the iris and pupil lacrimal apparatus
provides irrigation to the eye, crying sclera 6 how many muscles attach eyeball to its orbit and direct eye to points of a person's interest? superior, inferior, lateral, medial What are the 4 rectus (straight) muscles that attach eyeball to orbit? superior and inferior

visual reflex direction of eye toward an object attracting a person's attention
image fixed in center of visual field accommodation
adaptation of eye for near vision
accomplished by increasing curvature of lens through movement of ciliary muscles
convergence of the axes of the eyeballs
pupillary constriction
move pencil towards person's nose (pupils should get smaller -- you'll see muscles move inward) presbyopia
lens loses elasticity, becoming hard and glasslike, which decreases ability to change shape to accommodate for near vision
need to read something at distance cataracts
leading cause of blindness worldwide (80% preventable/curable with surgery)
transparent fibers in eyes get thickened and yellow, after removal people can see glaucoma

incidence increases with age
increased intraocular pressure
African Americans 3-6x more likely to develop than Caucasians
family history causes risk Snellen Alphabet Chart
most commonly used and accurate measure of visual acuity
if person is unable to see even largest letters, shorten distance to chart until person sees it and record that distance
1st number is what you see at, 2nd number is what the normal person can see at (20/15: you can see at 20 feet, normal person can see at 15 feet..better vision than average person) confrontation test
screens for loss of peripheral vision
patient covers up one eye and looks straight ahead, provider moves hand around and asks if they can see diagnostic positions test
leading patient through 6 cardinal positions of gaze
they follow movement of penlight or object proceeding clockwise
assess for potential EOM muscle weakness, nystagmus, or lid lag blink reflex
testing light perception in newborns
neonate blinks in response to bright light

form of strabismus where the eye turns inward
assymetric corneal light reflex exotropia
form of strabismus where the eye turns outward
assymetric corneal light reflex conductive hearing loss
mechanical dysfunction of external or middle ear
a lot of time it is just because something is blocking it (earwax) sensorineural (or perceptive) hearing loss
signifies pathology of inner ear, cranial nerve VIII, or auditory areas of cerebral cortex
actual problem related to CV VIII otosclerosis

common cause of conductive hearing loss in young adults between ages 20- 40
gradual hardening that causes footplate of stapes to become fixed in oval window Presbycusis
type of hearing loss that occurs with aging, even in people living in a quiet environment otitis media (ear infection)
obstruction of Eustachian tube or passage of nasopharyngeal secretions into middle ear
persistent effusion may lead to hearing loss
risk factors: absence of breastfeeding in first 3 months of life, preterm birth, daycare, male sex, pacifier use, bottle-feeding up and back How should you pull the pinna on an adult or older child? down and back How should you pull the pinna on an infant or child under 3? maxillary and ethmoid What sinuses are present at birth? sphenoid What sinus develops after puberty? pregnant woman

1+ visible, 2+ halfway between pillars and uvula, 3+ touching uvula, 4+ touching each other

1+ or 2+ is healthy nose breathers
most newborns are obligate ______ _______ choanal atresia
back of the nasal passage is blocked by abnormal bony or soft tissue epistaxis nosebleed sinusitis inflamed sinuses seasonal allergic rhinitis hay fever nasal polyps painless benign growth on lining of nose or sinuses gingivitis form of gum disease that causes inflamed gums gingival hyperplasia
overgrowth of gum tissue around the teeth suprasternal notch
U shaped depression just above sternum between clavicles

sternum Manubriosternal angle

called "Angle of Louis", an articulation of manubrium and sternum, and continuous with second rib Costal angle
the right and left costal margins form an angle where they meet at xiphoid process

NURS 251 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS with 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS, Exams of Nursing

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Download NURS 251 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS with 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

NURS 251 EXAM 2

QUESTIONS AND

ANSWERS with 100%

VERIFIED SOLUTIONS