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NURS 1140 Final Exam with 100%
correct Answers 2025/
ANTI-GLAUCOMA DRUGS - Correct Answer-Drugs That Reduce Intraocular Pressure By Lowering The Amount Of Aqueous Humor In The Eyeball, Reducing Its Production, Or Increasing Its Outflow OPHTHALMIC CATEGORIES - Correct Answer-Cholinergic Drugs (Miotics) Sympathomimetics (Mydriatics) Beta-Adrenergic Blockers Carbonic Annhydrase Inhibitors Prostaglandin Agonists Lubricants and Moisturizers Aminoglycosides Macrolide Antibiotics Polypeptide Antibiotics Quinolone Antibiotics Sulfonamides Corticosteroid Diagnostic Drugs= Cycloplegic Mydriatics TYPES OF ANTI-GLAUCOMA DRUGS - Correct Answer-CHOLINERGIC DRUGS SYMPATHOMIMETICS BETA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS OSMOTIC DIURETICS PROSTAGLANDIN AGONISTS CHOLINERGIC DRUGS - Correct Answer-These Drugs Are Motifs. They Are Agents That Stimulate The Parasympathetic Nervous System In The Same Manner As Acetylcholine. There Are Direct Acting And Indirect Acting Drugs. INDIRECT ACTING MIOTICS - Correct Answer-ECHOTHIOPHATE ECHOTHIOPHATE - Correct Answer-Organophosphate Cholinesterase Inhibitor: Less Lipid Soluble Than Most Organophosphates; Used In Glaucoma. Longer Lasting - 7 To 28 Days. DIRECT ACTING MIOTICS - Correct Answer-PILOCARPINE CARBACHOL ACETYLCHOLINE
ACETYLCHOLINE
PILOCARPINE - Correct Answer-Direct Acting Cholinergic Drug Indication-Primary Open Angled And Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma Or Ocular Hypertension Increases Aqueous Humor Drainage And Decreases Intra-Ocular Pressure Moa-Mimics Acetylcholine By Stimulating Cholinergic Receptors Duration Of Action Pilocarpine= 4-8 Hours Duration Of Action Acetylcholine=10 Min Solution Or Gel SYMPATHOMIMETIC DRUGS - Correct Answer-Mydriatic Drug Used For The Treatment Of Glaucoma And Ocular Hypertension. They Mimic The Sympathetic Neurotransmitters Noepinephrine And Epinephrine. TYPES OF SYMPATHOMIMETIC DRUGS - Correct Answer-DIPIVEFRIN APRACLONIDINE DIPIVEFRIN - Correct Answer-AKA: Propine APRACLONIDINE - Correct Answer-AKA: Iopidine BETA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS - Correct Answer-An Ophthalmic Beta Blocker That Reduces Both Elevated And Normal Intra-Ocular Pressure. They Reduce Intra-Ocular Pressure By Reducing Aqueous Humor Formation. TYPES OF BETA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS - Correct Answer-BETAXOLOL TIMOLOL BETAXOLOL - Correct Answer-AKA: Betoptic Chronic Open-Angle Glaucoma, Ocular Htn One Of The Most Potent And Selective Beta Blocking Drugs. TIMOLOL - Correct Answer-AKA: Timoptic This Beta Blocker Is The Only One That May Increase The Outflow Of Aqueous Humor As Well As Decrease Its Formation. This Is Available In Gel And Liquid Form. CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS - Correct Answer-Treats Glaucoma By Decreasing Aqueous Humor Production. Only Available In Topical Ophthalmic Form. These Drugs Work By Inhibiting The Enzyme Carbonic Anhydrase, Which Results In Decreased Intra-Ocular Pressure By Reducing Aqueous Humor Formation. Primarily Used For Glaucoma. TYPES OF CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITOR DRUGS - Correct Answer- BRINZOLAMIDE DORZOLAMIDE
ENDOPHTHALMITIS
BLEPHARITIS - Correct Answer-Inflammation Of The Glands And Eyelash Follicles Along The Margin Of The Eyelids CONJUNCTIVITIS - Correct Answer-Inflammation Of The Conjunctiva HORDEOLUM (STY) - Correct Answer-A Suppurative Inflammation Of A Sebaceous Gland Of The Eyelid. KERATITIS - Correct Answer-Inflammation Of The Cornea Of The Eye. UVEITIS - Correct Answer-Inflammation Of The Uvea Causing Swelling And Irritation. ENDOPHTHALMITIS - Correct Answer-Inflammation Of Internal Tissues Of The Eye. CATEGORIES OF ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS - Correct Answer-AMINOGLYCOSIDES MACROLIDE ANTIBIOTICS POLYPEPTIDE ANTIBIOTICS QUINOLONE ANTIBIOTICS SULFONAMIDES ANTI-FUNGAL DRUG ANTI-VIRAL DRUG AMINOGLYCOSIDES - Correct Answer-These are antimicrobials that destroy bacteria by interfering with protein synthesis in bacterial cells, which leads to bacterial death. These Can Cause: Ototoxicity Kidney Damage TYPE OF AMINOGLYCOSIDE - Correct Answer-GENTAMYCIN GENTAMICIN - Correct Answer-CLASSIFICATION: Antiinfective, Aminoglycoside THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS: Treatment for enterococcal infections ADVERSE REACTIONS: Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity NURSING IMPLICATIONS: Do peak and trough levels, report to MD for dose adjusting. Assess hearing periodically throughout TX. Monitor for superinfections MACROLIDE ANTIBIOTICS - Correct Answer-These Drugs Inhibit The Growth Of Bacteria And Are Often Prescribed To Treat Rather Common Bacterial Infections. TYPE OF MACROLIDE ANTIBIOTICS - Correct Answer-ERYTHROMYCIN ERYTHROMYCIN - Correct Answer-Available In Oral, Intravenous, And Ointment. Indicated For The Treatment Of Neonatal Conjunctivitis Caused By Chlamydia And For The Prevention Of Eye Infections In Newborns That May Be Caused By Gonorrhea.
POLYPEPTIDE ANTIBIOTIC - Correct Answer-These Drugs Are Rarely Used Systemically Because Of Their Nephrotoxic Effects. They Are Bactericidal Antimicrobials That Inhibit Protein Synthesis In Susceptible Organisms, Which Leads To Cell Death. Topical Application Used Against Gram-Positive Bacteria. Important "Last Line" Against Antibiotic-Resistant TYPE OF POLYPEPTIDE ANTIBIOTIC - Correct Answer-BACITRACIN BACITRACIN - Correct Answer-This Medication Works By Stopping The Growth Of Bacteria. This Medication Treats Only Bacterial Eye Infections. This Is Available In Ointment Form. QUINOLONE ANTIBIOTICS - Correct Answer-Very Effective Broad Spectrum Antibiotics. These Are Bactericidal, Destroying A Wide Spectrum Of Organisms That Are Often Very Difficult To Treat. TYPES OF QUINOLONE ANTIBIOTICS - Correct Answer-There Are Currently 5 Types Of These Antibiotics: CIPROFLOXACIN GATIFLOXACIN MOXIFLOXACIN LEVOFLOXACIN OFLOXACIN CIPROFLOXACIN - Correct Answer-AKA: Ciloxan Available In Ointment And Solution Form. Indicated For The Treatment Of Bacterial Keratitis And Conjunctivas Caused By Susceptible Gram Positive And Gram Negative Bacteria. 17% Of Patients Experience White Crystalline Precipitates Within Corneal Lesions. SULFONAMIDES - Correct Answer-Works By Blocking The Synthesis Of Folic Acid In Susceptible Bacteria. TYPES OF SULFONAMIDES - Correct Answer-SULFACETAMIDE SULFACETAMIDE - Correct Answer-This Is The Most Commonly Used Ophthalmic Sulfonamide Drug. It Is Available In Solution Or Ointment Form. OTIC DRUGS - Correct Answer- TYPE OF OTIC MEDICATIONS - Correct Answer-CARBAMIDE PEROXIDE
CYCLOPLEGIC MYDRIATIC - Correct Answer-prevents pupil constriction. used to dilate pupil during intraocular lens replacement and to visualize internal structures. TYPES OF CYCLOPLEGIC MYDRIATICS - Correct Answer-ATROPINE SULFATE CYCLOPENTOLATE ATROPINE SULFATE - Correct Answer-Anticholinergic OPHTHALMIC DYE - Correct Answer-Diagnostic Dye Used To Identify Corneal Defects And To Locate Foreign Objects In The Eye. TYPE OF OPHTHALMIC DYE - Correct Answer-FLUORESCEIN FLUORESCEIN - Correct Answer-After The Instillation Of This Medication, Various Defects Are Highlighted In Either Bright Green Or Yellow-Orange, And Foreign Objects Have A Green Halo Around Them. This Drug Is Available For Use As An Ophthalmic Injection, Solution, And Diagnostic Applicator Strips. VOMITING CENTER - Correct Answer-The area of the brain that is involved in stimulating the physiologic events that lead to nausea and vomiting. CHEMORECEPTOR TRIGGER ZONE - Correct Answer-The area of the brain that is involved in the sensation of nausea and the action of vomiting ANTIEMETIC DRUGS - Correct Answer-Drugs given to relieve nausea and vomiting ANTIEMETIC DRUG CATEGORIES - Correct Answer-ANTICHOLINERGIS ANTIHISTAMINE ANTIDOPAMINERGICS NEUROKININ ANTAGONISTS PROKINETICS SEROTONIN BLOCKERS TETRAHYDROCANNABINOIDS ANTICHOLINERGIC ANTIEMETIC - Correct Answer-Used for motion sickness, secretion reduction before surgery, nausea and vomiting. Example: SCOPOLAMINE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF ANTICHOLINERGICS - Correct Answer-Dizziness, headache, fatigue, nervousness, dry mouth, sore throat, palpitations, and urinary retention. Pregnant women, children, shouldn't have these drugs METHOD OF ACTION FOR ANTICHOLINERGICS - Correct Answer-blocks ACh receptors in the vestibular nuclei and reticular formation
SCOPOLAMINE - Correct Answer-Patch, used for motion sickness ANTIHISTAMINE ANTIEMETIC - Correct Answer-Motion sickness, nonproductive cough, sedation, rhinitis, allergy symptoms, nausea and vomiting. Example: DIMENHYDRINATE DIPHENHYDRAMINE MECLIZINE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF ANTIHISTAMINES - Correct Answer-dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest, hypotension, palpitations, syncope, dizziness, death, sedation, weakness, paradoxical excitement, seizure, nervousness, anorexia, N/V/D, hepatitis, dry mouth nose and throat, urinary retention METHOD OF ACTION FOR ANTIHISTAMINES - Correct Answer-Block H1 receptors, thereby preventing ACh from binding to receptors in the vestibular nuclei ANTIDOPAMINERGICS ANTIEMETIC - Correct Answer-Psychotic disorders (mania, schizophrenia, anxiety), intractable hiccups, nausea, and vomiting Example: PROCHLORPERAZINE PROMETHAZINE DROPERIDOL ADVERSE EFFECTS OF ANTI-DOPAMINERGIC - Correct Answer-Orthostatic HTN, tachycardia, headache, blurred vision, dry eyes, urinary retention, dry mouth, nausea and vomiting METHOD OF ACTION FOR ANTIDOPAMINERGICS - Correct Answer-Block dopamine in the CTZ and may also block ACh PROMETHAZINE (PHENERGAN) - Correct Answer-Side effects: drowsiness, anticholinergic effects, EPSs, potentiates effects when given with narcotics. Nursing interventions: monitor VS, safety precautions, IM (large muscle) NEUROKININ ANTAGONISTS ANTIEMETIC - Correct Answer-Acute And Delayed Vomiting Associated With Chemotherapy. Example: APREPITANT FOSAPREPITANT ADVERSE EFFECTS OF NEUROKININ RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS - Correct Answer-Hypotension, bradycardia, fatigue, dizziness, diarrhea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, and gastritis. METHOD OF ACTION FOR NEUROKININ ANTAGONISTS - Correct Answer-Inhibit the substance P-neurokinin receptors
METHOD OF ACTION FOR TETRAHYDROCANNABINOIDS - Correct Answer-Have inhibitory effects on the reticular formation, thalamus, and cerebral cortex DRONABINOL (MARINOL) - Correct Answer-Marijuana derived antiemetic, used for chemo patients GASTRIC GLANDS - Correct Answer-produce hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen CHEIF CELLS - Correct Answer-secrete pepsinogen GASTRIC HYPERACTIVITY - Correct Answer-The overproduction of stomach acid MUCOUS CELLS - Correct Answer-produce bicarbonate-rich mucus to protect the stomach PARIETAL CELLS - Correct Answer-secrete hydrochloric acid PEPSIN - Correct Answer-An enzyme present in gastric juice that begins the hydrolysis of proteins ACID CONTROLLING DRUGS - Correct Answer-ANTACIDS H2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS ANTACIDS - Correct Answer-counteract or neutralize acidity, usually in the stomach MECHANISM OF ACTION FOR ANTACIDS - Correct Answer-Neutralizing gastric acid ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE - Correct Answer-Used for hyperacidity AKA: AMPHOJEL ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE AND MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE - Correct Answer-Used for hyperacidity AKA: Maalox, Mylanta CALCIUM CARBONATE - Correct Answer-Used for hyperacidity AKA: Tums MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE - Correct Answer-Used for hyperacidity (more commonly as a laxative) AKA: milk of magnesia H2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS - Correct Answer-Commonly abbreviated at H2RA's and also H2 receptor blockers. These are the prototypical acid-secretion antagonists.
MECHANISM OF ACTION OF H2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS - Correct Answer-They competitively bloc the H2 receptor of acid-producing parietal cells. TYPES OF H2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS - Correct Answer-FAMOTIDINE RANITIDINE CIMETIDINE NIZATIDINE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF H2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS - Correct Answer-diarrhea or constipation, dizziness, drowsiness, headache pneumonia (decreased stomach acid decreases bacterail killing ability of stomach acid. FAMOTIDINE - Correct Answer-AKA: Pepcid Used for dyspepsia, heartburn, and ulcers PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS - Correct Answer-decrease the amount of acid produced by the stomach TYPES OF PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS - Correct Answer-OMEPRAZOLE (Prilosec) ESOMEPRAZOLE (Nexium) LANSOPRAZOLE (Prevacid) PANTOPRAZOLE (Protonix) RABEPRAZOLE (Aciphex) MECHANISM OF ACTION OF PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS - Correct Answer-block enzyme responsible for secreting HCL ADVERSE REACTIONS OF PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS - Correct Answer- headache, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain OMEPRAZOLE - Correct Answer-AKA: Prilosec This was the first drug in this breakthrough class of anti-secretory drugs PANTOPRAZOLE - Correct Answer-AKA: Protonix The first of this type of drug to be used intravenously. SUCRALFATE - Correct Answer-Used as a mucosal protectant in the treatment of active stress ulcerations and in long term therapy for peptic ulcer disease. FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS - Correct Answer-These are vitamins: A, D, E, K Not readily excreted in the urine and are stored in the body. Over ingestion of the vitamins can lead to hypervitaminosis. These are also stored primarily in the liver. VITAMIN A - Correct Answer-AKA: Retinol
VITAMIN C - Correct Answer-AKA: Ascorbic acid. This vitamin is an important substance needed for proper repair of the skin and tissues; promotes the production of collagen in the skins dermal tissues; aids in and promotes the skins healing process. Prolonged deficiency results in scurvy MINERALS - Correct Answer-Classified as inorganic compounds. They act as building blocks for many body structures and are necessary for a variety of physiologic functions. Elements found in food that are used by the body MACROMINERALS - Correct Answer-minerals that the body needs in fairly large amounts. TYPES OF MACROMINERALS - Correct Answer-CALCIUM CHLORINE MAGNESIUM PHOSPHORUS POTASSIUM SODIUM SULFUR MICROMINERALS - Correct Answer-those that people require daily in amounts less than 100 mg TYPES OF MICROMINERALS - Correct Answer-CHROMIUM COBALT COPPER FLUORINE IODINE IRON MANGANESE MOLYBDENUM SELENIUM ZINC TYPES OF DIETARY MINERALS - Correct Answer-CALCIUM MAGNESIUM PHOSPHORUS CALCIUM (Ca) - Correct Answer-This is the most abundant mineral in the human body, accounting for approx. 2% of the total body weight. Highest concentration is in bones and teeth. Absorption requires adequate amounts of vitamin D. Deficiency results in hypocalcemia and can cause infantile rickets, adult osteomalacia, muscle cramps, and osteoporosis INDICATIONS FOR CALCIUM TREATMENT - Correct Answer-ACHLORHYDIA ALKALOSIS
CHRONIC DIARRHEA
HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA
HYPOPARATHYROIDISM
MENOPAUSE
PANCREATITIS
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION
PMS
RENAL FAILURE
SPRUE
STEATORRHEA
VIT D DEFICIENCY
MAGNESIUM - Correct Answer-This is one of the principle cations in intracelllar fluid. It is an essential part of many enzyme systems associated with energy metabolism. Deficiency is usually caused by malabsorption, alcoholism, long term IV feeding, diuretic use, and metabolic disorders. Symptoms associated with deficiency include: cardiovascular disturbances, neuromuscular impairment, and mental disturbances. PHOSPHORUS - Correct Answer-Dietary deficiency is rare because it is widely distributed in food. Deficiency is usually due to malabsorption, extensive diarrhea or vomiting, hyperthyroidism, hepatic disease, and long term use of aluminum or calcium antacids. The skeletal bones contain up to 85% of the body's amount of this mineral. Antacids reduce the body's absorption of this mineral. MEDICATIONS FOR ANEMIA - Correct Answer-ERYTHROPOIESES-STIMULATING DRUGS IRON FOLIC ACID ERYTHROPOEISIS - Correct Answer-Process of making new red blood cells. HEMATOPOEISIS - Correct Answer-Formation of blood cells which occurs in the bone marrow ERYTHROPOIESIS STIMULATING DRUG - Correct Answer-EPOETIN ALPHA (EPGEN, PROCRIT) EPOETIN ALPHA - Correct Answer-A biosynthetic form of the natural hormone erythropoietin, which is normally secreted by the kidneys in response to a decrease in RBCs. It promotes the synthesis of erythrocytes by stimulating RBC progenitor cells in the bone marrow. This drug is used to treat anemia associated with end-stage renal disease, chemo induced anemia, and for anemia associated with zidovudine therapy. IRON - Correct Answer-This is a mineral that is essential for the proper function of all biologic systems in the body. It is stored in many sites throughout the body (liver, spleen, and bone marrow). Deficiency in this mineral is the principle nutritional
HISTAMINE - Correct Answer-a compound that is released by cells in response to injury and in allergic and inflammatory reactions, causing contraction of smooth muscle and dilation of capillaries. ANTIHISTAMINE - Correct Answer-These are drugs that blocks the effects of histamine in the body TYPES OF ANTIHISTAMINE DRUGS - Correct Answer-LORATADINE DIPHENHYDRAMINE LORATADINE - Correct Answer-AKA: Claritin A non sedating antihistamine taken once a day. This is used to relieve the symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis as well as urticaria. DIPHENHYDRAMINE - Correct Answer-AKA: Benadryl This has anticholinergic and sedative effects. It is used as hypnotic drug because of it's sedating effects. Not recommended in older adults due to fall risks. This is used for the relief or prevention of histamine-mediated allergies, motion sickness, the treatment of Parkinson's and promotion of sleep. Also used in conjunction with epinephrine in the management of anaphylaxis. ANTITUSSIVES - Correct Answer-Relieve or suppress coughing by blocking the cough reflex in the medulla of the brain ANTITUSSIVE DRUGS - Correct Answer-DEXTROMETHORPHAN NASAL CONGESTION - Correct Answer-Dilation of nasal blood vessels due to infection, inflammation, and allergies. Transudation of fluid into tissue spaces Leads to swelling nasal cavity DECONGESTANTS - Correct Answer-These medications constrict blood vessels of nasal passages and limit blood flow, which causes swollen tissues to shrink so that air can pass more freely through the passageways DECONGESTANT DRUGS - Correct Answer-DEXTROMETHORPHAN GUAIFENESIN GUAIFENESIN - Correct Answer-ROBITUSSIN DEXTROMETHORPHAN - Correct Answer-AKA: DELSYM, DAYQUIL This Is A Decongestant and an Antitussive. ANALGESICS - Correct Answer-Medications that relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness
SALICYLATES - Correct Answer-ASPIRIN ACETIC ACID DERIVATIVES - Correct Answer-KETORLAC ( TORADOL) PROPIONIC ACID DERIVATIVES - Correct Answer-IBUPROFIN (MOTRIN, ADVIL) CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 INHIBITOR - Correct Answer-CELECOXIB (CELEBREX) NON-OPIOD ANALGESICS - Correct Answer-ACETAMINOPHEN (TYLENOL) TRAMADOL HYDROCHLORIDE (ULTRAM
